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LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-.
LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet].
Show detailsOVERVIEW
Introduction
Burosumab is a human monoclonal antibody to fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) which is used in the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia. Burosumab therapy has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy nor has it been implicated in cases of clinically apparent drug induced liver injury with jaundice.
Background
Burosumab (bur oh' sue mab) is a recombinant, human IgG1 monoclonal antibody to fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) which is used in the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia which is associated with excessive FGF23 production. X-linked hypophosphatemia is the most common cause of congenital rickets and is caused by mutations in genes that regulate FGF23 production which result in excessive circulating levels that cause phosphate wasting and poor bone mineralization. Patients have limb deformities, frequent fractures, short stature and musculoskeletal pain and stiffness. Binding of the monoclonal antibody to circulating FGF23 blocks its activity and results in increases in serum phosphate, decreases in alkaline phosphatase and improvements in clinical symptoms and rickets severity. Burosumab was approved for use in the United States in 2018, and current indications are for adults and children above 1 year of age with X-linked hypophosphatemia. Burosumab is available in single use vials of 10, 20 or 30 mg/mL under the brand name Crysvita. It is given subcutaneously and the dose and frequency of administration (every 2 or 4 weeks) varies by age and body weight. Side effects of are uncommon but can include injection site reactions, headache and back and leg pains. Rare, potentially severe side effects include severe hypersensitivity reactions and hyperphosphatemia.
Hepatotoxicity
In prelicensure clinical trials, burosumab was not associated with changes in serum aminotransferase levels during therapy and rates of most adverse reactions were similar in patients who received burosumab as placebo. There have been no published reports of clinically apparent acute liver injury attributed to burosumab therapy.
Likelihood score: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
Mechanism of Liver Injury
Burosumab is a human monoclonal antibody and is unlikely to be inherently hepatotoxic. While most recombinant proteins are metabolized by the liver, the metabolism leads largely to small peptides and amino acids which may be reused to synthesize proteins and are unlikely to be toxic or immunogenic. Inhibition of FGF23 does not appear to have an adverse effect on liver function.
Drug Class: Genetic Disorder Agents, Monoclonal Antibodies
PRODUCT INFORMATION
REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES
Burosumab – Crysvita®
DRUG CLASS
Genetic Disorder Agents
Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH
CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE
DRUG | CAS REGISTRY NUMBER | MOLECULAR FORMULA | STRUCTURE |
---|---|---|---|
Burosumab | 1610833-03-8 | Monoclonal Antibody | Not Available |
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
References updated: 08 August 2018
- Zimmerman HJ. Drugs used to treat rheumatic and musculospastic disease. In, Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999, pp. 517-54.(Expert review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999, well before the availability of most monoclonal antibody therapies).
- Reuben A. Hepatotoxicity of immunosuppressive drugs. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011, pp. 569-91.(Review of hepatotoxicity of immunosuppressive agents; "the biological immuno-suppressants are largely free from hepatotoxicity, with the exception of the TNF alpha antagonists"; burosumab is not specifically mentioned).
- Friedman PA. Agents affecting mineral ion homeostasis and bone turnover. In, Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011, pp. 1275-306.(Textbook of pharmacology).
- https://www
.accessdata .fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/ (FDA Drug Approvals website that has product labels [package inserts], letters of approval and full FDA scientific review of the new drug application for safety and efficacy). - Insogna KL, Briot K, Imel EA, Kamenický P, Ruppe MD, Portale AA, Weber T, et al.; AXLES 1 Investigators. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy of burosumab, an anti-FGF23 antibody, in adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia: week 24 primary analysis. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33: 1383-93. [PubMed: 29947083](Among 134 adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia treated with burosumab or placebo every 4 weeks for 24 weeks, serum phosphate levels rose into the normal range [in 94% vs 8%] and stiffness and pain scores improved with burosumab, while adverse event rates were similar in the 2 groups; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).
- Kinoshita Y, Fukumoto S. X-Linked hypophosphatemia and FGF23-related hypophosphatemic diseases: prospect for new treatment. Endocr Rev 2018; 39: 274-91. [PubMed: 29381780](Review of the molecular basis, pathogenesis, clinical features and therapy of FGF23 related hypophosphatemic syndromes).
- Lamb YN. Burosumab: first global approval. Drugs 2018; 78: 707-14. [PubMed: 29679282](Review of the mechanism of action, development, pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety of burosumab shortly after its approval for use in X-linked hypophosphatemia).
- PubChem SubstanceRelated PubChem Substances
- PubMedLinks to PubMed
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Burosumab, an Anti-FGF23 Antibody, in Adults With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: Week 24 Primary Analysis.[J Bone Miner Res. 2018]A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Burosumab, an Anti-FGF23 Antibody, in Adults With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: Week 24 Primary Analysis.Insogna KL, Briot K, Imel EA, Kamenický P, Ruppe MD, Portale AA, Weber T, Pitukcheewanont P, Cheong HI, Jan de Beur S, et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2018 Aug; 33(8):1383-1393. Epub 2018 Jun 26.
- Review What are the benefits of the anti-FGF23 antibody burosumab on the manifestations of X-linked hypophosphatemia in adults in comparison with conventional therapy? A review.[Ther Adv Rare Dis. 2022]Review What are the benefits of the anti-FGF23 antibody burosumab on the manifestations of X-linked hypophosphatemia in adults in comparison with conventional therapy? A review.Lafage-Proust MH. Ther Adv Rare Dis. 2022 Jan-Dec; 3:26330040221074702. Epub 2022 Feb 21.
- The efficacy and safety of burosumab in two patients with cutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome.[Bone. 2023]The efficacy and safety of burosumab in two patients with cutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome.Sugarman J, Maruri A, Hamilton DJ, Tabatabai L, Luca D, Cimms T, Krolczyk S, Roberts MS, Carpenter TO. Bone. 2023 Jan; 166:116598. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
- First-in-Asian Phase I Study of the Anti-Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Monoclonal Antibody, Burosumab: Safety and Pharmacodynamics in Adults With X-linked Hypophosphatemia.[JBMR Plus. 2019]First-in-Asian Phase I Study of the Anti-Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Monoclonal Antibody, Burosumab: Safety and Pharmacodynamics in Adults With X-linked Hypophosphatemia.Cheong HI, Yoo HW, Adachi M, Tanaka H, Fujiwara I, Hasegawa Y, Harada D, Sugimoto M, Okada Y, Kato M, et al. JBMR Plus. 2019 Feb; 3(2):e10074. Epub 2018 Sep 14.
- Review Effects of Burosumab Treatment on Two Siblings with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia. Case Report and Literature Review.[Genes (Basel). 2022]Review Effects of Burosumab Treatment on Two Siblings with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia. Case Report and Literature Review.Jurca CM, Iuhas O, Kozma K, Petchesi CD, Zaha DC, Bembea M, Jurca S, Paul C, Jurca AD. Genes (Basel). 2022 Aug 4; 13(8). Epub 2022 Aug 4.
- Burosumab - LiverToxBurosumab - LiverTox
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