RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 13 (TRIM13) and similar proteins; TRIM13, also known as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia tumor suppressor Leu5, leukemia-associated protein 5, putative tumor suppressor RFP2, RING finger protein 77 (RNF77), or Ret finger protein 2, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane anchored E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with proteins localized to the ER, including valosin-containing protein (VCP), a protein indispensable for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). It also targets the known ER proteolytic substrate CD3-delta, but not the N-end rule substrate Ub-R-YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) for degradation. Moreover, TRIM13 regulates ubiquitination and degradation of NEMO to suppress tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF- kappa B) activation. It is also involved in NF-kappaB p65 activation and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)-dependent activation of c-Rel upon T-cell receptor engagement. Furthermore, TRIM13 negatively regulates melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-mediated type I interferon production. It also regulates caspase-8 ubiquitination, translocation to autophagosomes, and activation during ER stress induced cell death. Meanwhile, TRIM13 enhances ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis by increasing p53 stability and decreasing AKT kinase activity through MDM2 and AKT degradation. TRIM13 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region. In addition, TRIM13 contains a C-terminal transmembrane domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 47132524   5 EEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSVRNSLWRPaPFKCPTCRKET 61
Cdd:cd16762   1 EEDLTCPICCCLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGNVRTMLWRP-PFKCPTCRKET 56

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 13 (TRIM13) and similar proteins; TRIM13, also known as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia tumor suppressor Leu5, leukemia-associated protein 5, putative tumor suppressor RFP2, RING finger protein 77 (RNF77), or Ret finger protein 2, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane anchored E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with proteins localized to the ER, including valosin-containing protein (VCP), a protein indispensable for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). It also targets the known ER proteolytic substrate CD3-delta, but not the N-end rule substrate Ub-R-YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) for degradation. Moreover, TRIM13 regulates ubiquitination and degradation of NEMO to suppress tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF- kappa B) activation. It is also involved in NF-kappaB p65 activation and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)-dependent activation of c-Rel upon T-cell receptor engagement. Furthermore, TRIM13 negatively regulates melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-mediated type I interferon production. It also regulates caspase-8 ubiquitination, translocation to autophagosomes, and activation during ER stress induced cell death. Meanwhile, TRIM13 enhances ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis by increasing p53 stability and decreasing AKT kinase activity through MDM2 and AKT degradation. TRIM13 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region. In addition, TRIM13 contains a C-terminal transmembrane domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 47132524   5 EEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSVRNSLWRPaPFKCPTCRKET 61
Cdd:cd16762   1 EEDLTCPICCCLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGNVRTMLWRP-PFKCPTCRKET 56

RING-type zinc-finger; This zinc-finger is a typical RING-type of plant ubiquitin ligases.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 47132524    10 CPICCSLFDDPrVLPCSHNFCKKCLEgilegsvRNSLWRPAPFKCP 55
Cdd:pfam13445   1 CPICLELFTDP-VLPCGHTFCRECLE-------EMSQKKGGKFKCP 38

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 47132524     10 CPICCSLF-DDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSvrnslwrpaPFKCPTC 57
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPICLEEYlKDPVILPCGHTFCRSCIRKWLESG---------NNTCPIC 40

B-box zinc finger;

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 47132524    89 PKMPVCKGHLGQPLNIFCLTDMQLICGICaTRGEHTKHVFCSI 131
Cdd:pfam00643   1 SKERLCPEHEEEPLTLYCNDCQELLCEEC-SVGEHRGHTVVPL 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 13 (TRIM13) and similar proteins; TRIM13, also known as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia tumor suppressor Leu5, leukemia-associated protein 5, putative tumor suppressor RFP2, RING finger protein 77 (RNF77), or Ret finger protein 2, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane anchored E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with proteins localized to the ER, including valosin-containing protein (VCP), a protein indispensable for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). It also targets the known ER proteolytic substrate CD3-delta, but not the N-end rule substrate Ub-R-YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) for degradation. Moreover, TRIM13 regulates ubiquitination and degradation of NEMO to suppress tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF- kappa B) activation. It is also involved in NF-kappaB p65 activation and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)-dependent activation of c-Rel upon T-cell receptor engagement. Furthermore, TRIM13 negatively regulates melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-mediated type I interferon production. It also regulates caspase-8 ubiquitination, translocation to autophagosomes, and activation during ER stress induced cell death. Meanwhile, TRIM13 enhances ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis by increasing p53 stability and decreasing AKT kinase activity through MDM2 and AKT degradation. TRIM13 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region. In addition, TRIM13 contains a C-terminal transmembrane domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 47132524   5 EEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSVRNSLWRPaPFKCPTCRKET 61
Cdd:cd16762   1 EEDLTCPICCCLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGNVRTMLWRP-PFKCPTCRKET 56

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM13, TRIM59 and similar proteins; TRIM13 and TRIM59, two closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, followed by a C-terminal transmembrane domain. TRIM13, also known as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia tumor suppressor Leu5, leukemia-associated protein 5, putative tumor suppressor RFP2, RING finger protein 77 (RNF77), or Ret finger protein 2, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane anchored E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with proteins localized to the ER, including valosin-containing protein (VCP), a protein indispensable for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). TRIM59, also known as RING finger protein 104 (RNF104) or tumor suppressor TSBF-1, is a putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions as a novel multiple cancer biomarker for immunohistochemical detection of early tumorigenesis.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 47132524   6 EDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSVRnslWRPAPFKCPTCR 58
Cdd:cd16581   1 EELTCSICYNIFDDPKILPCSHTFCKNCLEKLLAASGY---YLLASLKCPTCR 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM65 and similar proteins; TRIM65 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with the innate immune receptor MDA5, enhancing its ability to stimulate interferon-beta signaling. It functions as a potential oncogenic protein that negatively regulates p53 through ubiquitination, providing insight into the development of novel approaches targeting TRIM65 for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treatment, and also overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, TRIM65 negatively regulates microRNA-driven suppression of mRNA translation by targeting TNRC6 proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. TRIM65 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 47132524   5 EEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSvrnslwRPAPFKCPTCRKETS 62
Cdd:cd16609   1 EEELTCSICLGLYQDPVTLPCQHSFCRACIEDHWRQK------DEGSFSCPECRAPFP 52

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM25 and similar proteins; TRIM25, also known as estrogen-responsive finger protein (EFP), RING finger protein 147 (RNF147), or RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase, is an E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase that is induced by estrogen and is therefore particularly abundant in placenta and uterus. TRIM25 regulates various cellular processes through E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, transferring ubiquitin and ISG15 to target proteins. It mediates K63-linked polyubiquitination of retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) that is crucial for downstream antiviral interferon signaling. It is also required for melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS, also known as IPS-1, VISA, Cardiff) mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and interferon production. Upon UV irradiation, TRIM25 interacts with mono-ubiquitinated PCNA and promotes its ISG15 modification (ISGylation), suggesting a crucial role in termination of error-prone translesion DNA synthesis. TRIM25 also functions as a novel regulator of p53 and Mdm2. It enhances p53 and Mdm2 abundance by inhibiting their ubiquitination and degradation in 26S proteasomes. Meanwhile, it inhibits p53's transcriptional activity and dampens the response to DNA damage, and is essential for medaka development and this dependence is rescued by silencing of p53. Moreover, TRIM25 is involved in the host cellular innate immune response against retroviral infection. It interferes with the late stage of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) replication. Furthermore, TRIM25 acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer. Its blockade by RNA interference inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling, suggesting it presents a novel target for the detection and treatment of gastric cancer. In addition, TRIM25 acts as an RNA-specific activator for Lin28a/TuT4-mediated uridylation. TRIM25 belongs to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 47132524   4 LEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEgSVRNSlwrpaPFKCPTCRKETSATGinSLQVNYSLKGIVEK 81
Cdd:cd16597   2 LEEELTCSICLELFKDPVTLPCGHNFCGVCIEKTWD-SQHGS-----EYSCPQCRATFPRRP--ELHKNTVLRNIVEQ 71

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM4 and similar proteins; TRIM4 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM4, also known as RING finger protein 87 (RNF87), is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that has recently evolved and is present only in higher mammals. It transiently interacts with mitochondria, induces mitochondrial aggregation and sensitizes the cells to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced death. Its interaction with peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1) is critical for the regulation of H2O2 induced cell death. Moreover, TRIM4 functions as a positive regulator of RIG-I-mediated type I interferon induction. It regulates the K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-1 and assembly of antiviral signaling complex at the mitochondria.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 47132524   2 ELLEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEgilegsvRNslWRP--APFKCPTCRKETSATGI 66
Cdd:cd16590   1 EDIQEELTCPICLDYFQDPVSIECGHNFCRGCLH-------RN--WAPggGPFPCPECRHPSAPAAL 58

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Caenorhabditis elegans RING finger protein NHL-1 and similar proteins; NHL-1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase in the presence of both UBC-13 and UBC-1 within the ubiquitin pathway of Caenorhabditis elegans. It acts in chemosensory neurons to promote stress resistance in distal tissues by the transcription factor DAF-16 activation but is dispensable for the activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1). NHL-1 belongs to the TRIM (tripartite motif)-NHL family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as an NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 47132524   4 LEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKK-CLEGILEGSVRNslwrpapFKCPTCRKE 60
Cdd:cd16524   2 IEQLLTCPICLDRYRRPKLLPCQHTFCLSpCLEGLVDYVTRK-------LKCPECRAE 52

HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers. Some have a different Cys/His pattern. Some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions, especially, the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can chelate Zn in a RING finger as well. This family corresponds to the HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) fingers that are characterized by containing C3HC4-type canonical RING-HC fingers or noncanonical RING-HC finger variants, including C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type modified RING-HC fingers. The canonical RING-HC finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-HC fingers can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 47132524   8 LTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEgilegsvrnSLWRPAPFKCPTC 57
Cdd:cd16449   1 LECPICLERLKDPVLLPCGHVFCRECIR---------RLLESGSIKCPIC 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in muscle-specific RING finger protein 2 (MuRF-2) and similar proteins; MuRF-2, also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 55 (TRIM55) or RING finger protein 29 (RNF29), is a muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase in ubiquitin-mediated muscle protein turnover and is also a ligand of the transactivation domain of the serum response transcription factor (SRF). It is predominantly slow-fibre associated and highly expressed in embryonic skeletal muscle. MuRF-2 associates transiently with microtubules, myosin, and titin during sarcomere assembly. It has been implicated in microtubule, intermediate filament, and sarcomeric M-line maintenance in striated muscle development, as well as in signaling from the sarcomere to the nucleus. It plays an important role in the earliest stages of skeletal muscle differentiation and myofibrillogenesis. It is developmentally downregulated and is assembled at the M-line region of the sarcomere and with microtubules. MuRF-2 belongs to the C-II subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, and an acidic residue-rich (AR) domain. It also harbors a MURF family-specific conserved box (MFC) between its RING-HC finger and Bbox domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 47132524   5 EEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRV-LPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGS-----VR--NSLWRPAPFKCPTCRKE 60
Cdd:cd16760   1 EKQLICPICLEMFTKPVViLPCQHNLCRKCANDIFQASnpylpTRggTTVASGGRFRCPSCRHE 64

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, and similar proteins; TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM7, also known as glycogenin-interacting protein (GNIP) or RING finger protein 90 (RNF90), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates c-Jun/AP-1 activation by Ras signalling. Its phosphorylation and activation by MSK1 in response to direct activation by the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway can stimulate TRIM7 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in mediating Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the AP-1 coactivator RACO-1, leading to RACO-1 protein stabilization. Moreover, TRIM7 binds and activates glycogenin, the self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen biosynthesis. TRIM11, also known as protein BIA1, or RING finger protein 92 (RNF92), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the development of the central nervous system. It is overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and promotes proliferation, invasion, migration and glial tumor growth. TRIM11 acts as a potential therapeutic target for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) by mediating the degradation of CCHS-associated polyalanine-expanded Phox2b. TRIM11 modulates the function of neurogenic transcription factor Pax6 through the ubiquitin-proteosome system, and thus plays an essential role for Pax6-dependent neurogenesis. It also binds to and destabilizes a key component of the activator-mediated cofactor complex (ARC105), humanin, a neuroprotective peptide against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults, and further regulates ARC105 function in transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling. Moreover, TRIM11 negatively regulates retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-mediated interferon-beta (IFNbeta) production and antiviral activity by targeting TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1). It may contribute to the endogenous restriction of retroviruses in cells. It enhances N-tropic murine leukemia virus (N-MLV) entry by interfering with Ref1 restriction. It also suppresses the early steps of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 transduction, resulting in decreased reverse transcripts. TRIM27, also known as RING finger protein 76 (RNF76), RET finger protein (RFP), or zinc finger protein RFP, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly expressed in testis and in various tumor cell lines. Expression of TRIM27 is associated with prognosis of colon and endometrial cancers. TRIM27 was first identified as a fusion partner of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. It functions as a transcriptional repressor and associates with several proteins involved in transcriptional activity, such as enhancer of polycomb 1 (Epc1), a member of the Polycomb group proteins, and Mi-2beta, a main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, and the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (RB1). It also interacts with HDAC1, leading to downregulation of thioredoxin binding protein 2 (TBP-2), which inhibits the function of thioredoxin. Moreover, TRIM27 mediates Pax7-induced ubiquitination of MyoD in skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, it inhibits muscle differentiation by modulating serum response factor (SRF) and Epc1. TRIM27 promotes a non-canonical polyubiquitination of PTEN, a lipid phosphatase that catalyzes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) to PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2). It is an IKKepsilon-interacting protein that regulates IkappaB kinase (IKK) function and negatively regulates signaling involved in the antiviral response and inflammation. TRIM27 also forms a protein complex with MBD4 or MBD2 or MBD3, and thus plays an important role in the enhancement of transcriptional repression through MBD proteins in tumorigenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis. It is a component of an estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) regulatory complex that is involved in estrogen receptor-mediated transcription in MCF-7 cells.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 47132524   4 LEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSvrnslwrPAPFKCPTCRK 59
Cdd:cd16594   2 LQEELTCPICLDYFTDPVTLDCGHSFCRACIARCWEEP-------ETSASCPQCRE 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in muscle-specific RING finger protein 3 (MuRF-3) and similar proteins; MuRF-3, also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 54 (TRIM54), or RING finger protein 30 (RNF30), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase in ubiquitin-mediated muscle protein turnover. It is ubiquitously detected in all fibre types, is developmentally upregulated, associates with microtubules, the sarcomeric M-line and Z-line, and is required for microtubule stability and myogenesis. It associates with glutamylated microtubules during skeletal muscle development, and is required for skeletal myoblast differentiation and development of cellular microtubular networks. MuRF-3 controls the degradation of four-and-a-half LIM domain (FHL2) and gamma-filamin and is required for maintenance of ventricular integrity after myocardial infarction (MI). MuRF-3 belongs to the C-II subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, and an acidic residue-rich (AR) domain. It also harbors a MURF family-specific conserved box (MFC) between its RING-HC finger and Bbox domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 47132524   8 LTCPICCSLFDDPRV-LPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSvrNSLWRP---------APFKCPTCR 58
Cdd:cd16761   1 LICPICLEMFTKPVViLPCQHNLCRKCANDVFQAS--NPLWQSrgsstvssgGRFRCPSCR 59

RING finger, HC subclass, found in muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 (MuRF-1) and similar proteins; MuRF-1, also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 63 (TRIM63), RING finger protein 28 (RNF28), iris RING finger protein, or striated muscle RING zinc finger, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase in ubiquitin-mediated muscle protein turnover. It is predominantly fast (type II) fibre-associated in skeletal muscle and can bind to many myofibrillar proteins, including titin, nebulin, the nebulin-related protein NRAP, troponin-I (TnI), troponin-T (TnT), myosin light chain 2 (MLC-2), myotilin, and T-cap. The early and robust upregulation of MuRF-1 is triggered by disuse, denervation, starvation, sepsis, or steroid administration resulting in skeletal muscle atrophy. It also plays a role in maintaining titin M-line integrity. It associates with the periphery of the M-line lattice and may be involved in the regulation of the titin kinase domain. It also participates in muscle stress response pathways and gene expression. MuRF-1 belongs to the C-II subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, and an acidic residue-rich (AR) domain. It also harbors a MURF family-specific conserved box (MFC) between its RING-HC finger and Bbox domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 47132524   5 EEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRV-LPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSvrNSLWRP---------APFKCPTCR 58
Cdd:cd16759   1 EKQLICPICLEMFTKPVViLPCQHNLCRKCANDIFQAA--NPYWQSrgtsmlgsgGRFRCPSCR 62

RING finger, HC subclass, found in muscle-specific RING finger proteins TRIM63/MuRF-1, TRIM55/MuRF-2 and TRIM54/MuRF-3; This subfamily corresponds to a group of striated muscle-specific tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins, including TRIM63/MuRF-1, TRIM55/MuRF-2, and TRIM54/MuRF-3, which function as E3 ubiquitin ligases in ubiquitin-mediated muscle protein turnover. They are tightly developmentally regulated in skeletal muscle and associate with different cytoskeleton components, such as microtubules, Z-disks and M-bands, as well as with metabolic enzymes and nuclear proteins. They also cooperate with diverse proteins implicated in selective protein degradation by the proteasome and autophagosome, and target proteins of metabolic regulation, sarcomere assembly and transcriptional regulation. Moreover, MURFs display variable fibre-type preferences. TRIM63/MuRF-1 is predominantly fast (type II) fibre-associated in skeletal muscle. TRIM55/MuRF-2 is predominantly slow-fibre associated. TRIM54/MuRF-3 is ubiquitously present. They play an active role in microtubule-mediated sarcomere assembly. MuRFs belong to the C-II subclass of the TRIM family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, and an acidic residue-rich (AR) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. They also harbor a MURF family-specific conserved box (MFC) between its RING-HC finger and Bbox domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 47132524   8 LTCPICCSLFDDPRV-LPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGsvRNSLWRPAP------FKCPTCR 58
Cdd:cd16577   1 LICPICLEMFTKPVViLPCQHNLCRKCANDIFQA--RNPYWPTTTmgsggrFRCPSCR 56

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 47 (TRIM47) and similar proteins; TRIM47, also known as gene overexpressed in astrocytoma protein (GOA) or RING finger protein 100 (RNF100), belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. It plays an important role in the process of dedifferentiation that is associated with astrocytoma tumorigenesis. This subfamily also includes RING finger protein 135 (RNF135). RNF135, also known as RIG-I E3 ubiquitin ligase (REUL) or Riplet, is a widely expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that consists of an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and C-terminal B30.2/SPRY and PRY motifs, but lacks the B-box and coiled-coil domains that are also typically present in TRIM proteins. RNF135 serves as a specific retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-interacting protein that ubiquitinates RIG-I and specifically stimulates RIG-I-mediated innate antiviral activity to produce antiviral type-I interferon (IFN) during the early phase of viral infection. It also has been identified as a bio-marker and therapy target of glioblastoma. It associates with the ERK signal transduction pathway and plays a role in glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 47132524   8 LTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLeGILEGSVRNSLWRpapfkCPTCRK 59
Cdd:cd16604   1 LSCPICLDLLKDPVTLPCGHSFCMGCL-GALWGAGRGGRAS-----CPLCRQ 46

B-box-type 2 zinc finger (Bbox2); The B-box-type zinc finger is a short zinc binding domain of around 40 amino acid residues in length. It has been found in transcription factors, ribonucleoproteins and proto-oncoproteins, such as in TRIM (tripartite motif) proteins that consist of an N-terminal RING finger (originally called an A-box), followed by 1-2 B-box domains and a coiled-coil domain (also called RBCC for Ring, B-box, Coiled-Coil). The B-box-type zinc finger often presents in combination with other motifs, like RING zinc finger, NHL motif, coiled-coil or RFP domain in functionally unrelated proteins, most likely mediating protein-protein interaction. Based on different consensus sequence and the spacing of the 7-8 zinc-binding residues, B-box-type zinc fingers can be divided into two groups, type 1 (Bbox1: C6H2) and type 2 (Bbox2: CHC3H2). The family corresponds to type 2 B-box (Bbox2).

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 47132524  93 VCKGHLGQPLNIFCLTDMQLICGICATRGEHTKHVFCSI 131
Cdd:cd19756   1 LCPEHPEEPLKLFCETCQELVCVLCLLSGEHRGHKVVPL 39

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 35 (TRIM35) and similar proteins; TRIM35, also known as hemopoietic lineage switch protein 5 (HLS5), is a putative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suppressor that inhibits phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2), which is involved in aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells and further suppresses the Warburg effect and tumorigenicity in HCC. It also negatively regulates Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)- and TLR9-mediated type I interferon production by suppressing the stability of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). Moreover, TRIM35 regulates erythroid differentiation by modulating globin transcription factor 1 (GATA-1) activity. TRIM35 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 47132524   4 LEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSVRnslwrpAPfkCPTCRKETSatgINSLQVNYSLKGIVE 80
Cdd:cd16599   1 FKEELLCPICYEPFREAVTLRCGHNFCKGCVSRSWERQPR------AP--CPVCKEASS---SDDLRTNHTLNNLVE 66

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 72 (TRIM72) and similar proteins; TRIM72, also known as Mitsugumin-53 (MG53), is a muscle-specific protein that plays a central role in cell membrane repair by nucleating the assembly of the repair machinery at muscle injury sites. It is required in repair of alveolar epithelial cells under plasma membrane stress failure. It interacts with dysferlin to regulate sarcolemmal repair. Upregulation of TRIM72 develops obesity, systemic insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, as well as induces diabetic cardiomyopathy through transcriptional activation of the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) signaling pathway. Compensation for the absence of AKT signaling by ERK signaling during TRIM72 overexpression leads to pathological hypertrophy. Moreover, TRIM72 functions as a novel negative feedback regulator of myogenesis by targeting insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). It is transcriptionally activated by the synergism of myogenin (MyoD) and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). TRIM72 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 47132524   4 LEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSVRNSLwrpapfKCPTCRketSATGINSLQVN 72
Cdd:cd16612   1 MHQDLSCPLCLKLFQSPVTTECGHTFCQDCLSRVPKEEDGGST------SCPTCQ---APTKPEQLSIN 60

B-Box-type zinc finger;

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 47132524     90 KMPVCKGHLGQPLNIFCLTDMQLICGICaTRGEHTKHVFCSI 131
Cdd:smart00336   2 RAPKCDSHGDEPAEFFCEECGALLCRTC-DEAEHRGHTVVLL 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 62 (TRIM62) and similar proteins; TRIM62, also known as Ductal Epithelium Associated Ring Chromosome 1 (DEAR1), is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that was identified as a dominant regulator of acinar morphogenesis in the mammary gland. It is implicated in the inflammatory response of immune cells by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, leading to increased activity of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor in primary macrophages. It is also involved in muscular protein homeostasis, especially during inflammation-induced atrophy, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) by activating and maintaining inflammation in myocytes. Moreover, TRIM62 facilitates K27-linked poly-ubiquitination of CARD9 and also regulates CARD9-mediated anti-fungal immunity and intestinal inflammation. It also functions as a chromosome 1p35 tumor suppressor and negatively regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by binding to and promoting the ubiquitination of SMAD3, a major effector of TGFbeta-mediated EMT. TRIM62 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 47132524   4 LEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKClegILEGSVRNSLwrpapFKCPTCRK 59
Cdd:cd16608   3 LKDELLCSICLSIYQDPVSLGCEHYFCRQC---ITEHWSRSEH-----RDCPECRR 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 36 (TRIM36) and similar proteins; TRIM36, the human ortholog of mouse Haprin, also known as RING finger protein 98 (RNF98) or zinc-binding protein Rbcc728, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase expressed in the germ plasm. It has been implicated in acrosome reaction, fertilization, and embryogenesis, as well as in carcinogenesis. TRIM36 functions upstream of Wnt/beta-catenin activation, and plays a role in controlling the stability of proteins regulating microtubule polymerization during cortical rotation, and subsequently dorsal axis formation. It is also potentially associated with chromosome segregation by interacting with the kinetochore protein centromere protein-H (CENP-H), and colocalizing with the microtubule protein alpha-tubulin. Its overexpression may cause chromosomal instability and carcinogenesis. It is, thus, a novel regulator affecting cell cycle progression. Moreover, TRIM36 plays a critical role in the arrangement of somites during embryogenesis. TRIM36 belongs to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, a PRY domain and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 47132524   5 EEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILegsvrnslwrpAPFKCPTCR 58
Cdd:cd16756   1 ERELICPSCKELFTHPLILPCQHSVCHKCVKELL-----------TTFPCPGCQ 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in SH3 domain-containing RING finger protein 1 (SH3RF1) and similar proteins; SH3RF1, also known as plenty of SH3s (POSH), RING finger protein 142 (RNF142), or SH3 multiple domains protein 2 (SH3MD2), is a trans-Golgi network-associated pro-apoptotic scaffold protein with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. It also plays a role in calcium homeostasis through the control of the ubiquitin domain protein Herp. It may also have a role in regulating death receptor mediated and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mediated apoptosis, linking Rac1 to downstream components. SH3RF1 also enhances the ubiquitination of ROMK1 potassium channel resulting in its increased endocytosis. Moreover, SH3RF1 assembles an inhibitory complex with the actomyosin regulatory protein Shroom3, which links to the actin-myosin network to regulate neuronal process outgrowth. It also forms a complex with apoptosis-linked gene-2 (ALG-2) and ALG-2-interacting protein (ALIX/AIP1) in a calcium-dependent manner to play a role in the regulation of the JNK pathway. Furthermore, direct interaction of SH3RF1 and another molecular scaffold JNK-interacting protein (JIP) is required for apoptotic activation of JNKs. Interaction of SH3RF1 and E3 ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligases, Siah proteins, further promotes JNK activation and apoptosis. In addition, SH3RF1 binds to and degrades TAK1, a crucial activator of both the JNK and the Relish signaling pathways. SH3RF1 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger responsible for the E3 ligase activity and four Src Homology 3 (SH3) domains, which are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 47132524   8 LTCPICCSLFD-DPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILegSVRNSLwrpapfKCPTCR 58
Cdd:cd16748   3 LECPVCLERLDaTAKVLPCQHTFCRRCLLGIV--GSRSEL------RCPECR 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in SNF2 histone-linker PHD finger RING finger helicase (SHPRH) and similar proteins; SHPRH is a yeast RAD5 homolog found in mammals. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that associates with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), RAD18, and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC13 (E2), and suppresses genomic instability by proliferating methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-induced PCNA polyubiquitination. SHPRH contains a SWI/SNF helicase domain that is divided into N- and C-terminal parts by an insertion of a linker histone domain (H15), a PHD-finger, and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger involved in the poly-ubiquitination of PCNA. This subfamily also includes tripartite motif-containing protein 15 (TRIM15). TRIM15, also known as RING finger protein 93 (RNF93), zinc finger protein 178 (ZNF178), or zinc finger protein B7 (ZNFB7), is a focal adhesion protein that regulates focal adhesion disassembly. It localizes to focal contacts in a myosin-II-independent manner by an interaction between its coiled-coil domain and the LD2 motif of paxillin. TRIM15 can also associate with coronin 1B, cortactin, filamin binding LIM protein1, and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, which are involved in actin cytoskeleton dynamics. As an additional component of the integrin adhesome, it regulates focal adhesion turnover and cell migration. TRIM15 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 47132524   9 TCPIC-CSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEgsvRNSLWRPAPFKCPTCRKET 61
Cdd:cd16569   3 PCPICaRPLGKQWSVLPCGHCFCLECIAILID---QYAQSRRRSLKCPICRETT 53

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM17 and similar proteins; TRIM17, also known as RING finger protein 16 (RNF16) or testis RING finger protein (Terf), is a crucial E3 ubiquitin ligase that is necessary and sufficient for neuronal apoptosis and contributes to Mcl-1 ubiquitination in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). It interacts in a SUMO-dependent manner with nuclear factor of activated T cell NFATc3 transcription factor, and thus inhibits the activity of NFATc3 by preventing its nuclear localization. In contrast, it binds to and inhibits NFATc4 transcription factor in a SUMO-independent manner. Moreover, TRIM17 stimulates degradation of kinetochore protein ZW10 interacting protein (ZWINT), a known component of the kinetochore complex required for the mitotic spindle checkpoint, and negatively regulates cell proliferation. TRIM17 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 47132524   4 LEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEG--SVRNSLWRPAPFKCPTCRK 59
Cdd:cd16595   2 LQEEATCSICLDYFTDPVMTTCGHNFCRACIQLSWEKarGKKGRRKQKGSFPCPECRE 59

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) and similar proteins; TRIM26, also known as acid finger protein (AFP), RING finger protein 95 (RNF95), or zinc finger protein 173 (ZNF173), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates interferon-beta production and antiviral response through polyubiquitination and degradation of nuclear transcription factor IRF3. It functions as an important regulator for RNA virus-triggered innate immune response by bridging TBK1 to NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator, also known as IKKgamma) and mediating TBK1 activation. It also acts as a novel tumor suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cancer cell proliferation, colony forming ability, migration, and invasion. TRIM26 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 47132524   4 LEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSVRNSlwrpAPFkCPTCRK 59
Cdd:cd16598   1 LEEEVTCSICLDYLRDPVTIDCGHNFCRSCITDYCPISGGHE----RPV-CPLCRK 51

first RING finger, HC subclass, found in the LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family; The LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family includes LONRF1 (also known as RING finger protein 191 or RNF191), LONRF2 (also known as RING finger protein 192, RNF192, or neuroblastoma apoptosis-related protease), LONRF3 (also known as RING finger protein 127 or RNF127), which are characterized by containing two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers, four tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, and an ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain at the C-terminus. Their biological functions remain unclear. This model corresponds to the first RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 47132524   6 EDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEgilegsvrnslwRPAPFKCPTCRKETSA 63
Cdd:cd16513   1 DLLSCPLCRGLLFEPVTLPCGHTFCKRCLE------------RDPSSRCRLCRLKLSP 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM21 and similar proteins; TRIM21, also known as 52 kDa Ro protein, 52 kDa ribonucleoprotein autoantigen Ro/SS-A, Ro(SS-A), RING finger protein 81 (RNF81), or Sjoegren syndrome type A antigen (SS-A), is a ubiquitously expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and a high affinity antibody receptor uniquely expressed in the cytosol of mammalian cells. As a cytosolic Fc receptor, TRIM21 binds the Fc of virus-associated antibodies and targets the complex in the cytosol for proteasomal degradation in a process known as antibody-dependent intracellular neutralization (ADIN), and provides an intracellular immune response to protect host defense against pathogen infection. It shows remarkably broad isotype specificity as it does not only bind IgG, but also IgM and IgA. Moreover, TRIM21 promotes the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS and the cytosolic RNA sensor RIG-I sensing of viral genomes during infection by antibody-opsonized virus. It stimulates inflammatory signaling and activates innate transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). TRIM21 also plays an essential role in p62-regulated redox homeostasis, suggesting it may be a viable target for treating pathological conditions resulting from oxidative damage. Furthermore, TRIM21 may have implications for various autoimmune diseases associated with uncontrolled antiviral signaling through the regulation of Nmi-IFI35 complex-mediated inhibition of innate antiviral response. TRIM21 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 47132524   1 MELLEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGIleGSVRNSLwrpapfkCPTCRKETSatgINSLQVNYSLKGIVE 80
Cdd:cd16596   3 LTMMWEEVTCPICLDPFVEPVSIECGHSFCQECISQV--GKGGGSV-------CPVCRQRFL---LKNLRPNRQLANMVN 70

                ....*
gi 47132524  81 KYNKI 85
Cdd:cd16596  71 NLKEI 75

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM43, TRIM48, TRIM49, TRIM51, TRIM64 and similar proteins; The family includes a group of closely related uncharacterized tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM43, TRIM43B, TRIM48/RNF101, TRIM49/RNF18, TRIM49B, TRIM49C/TRIM49L2, TRIM49D/TRIM49L, TRIM51/SPRYD5, TRIM64, TRIM64B, and TRIM64C, whose biological function remain unclear. TRIM49, also known as testis-specific RING-finger protein, has moderate similarity with SS-A/Ro52 antigen, suggesting it may be one of the target proteins of autoantibodies in the sera of patients with these autoimmune disorders. All family members belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. In RBCC region, they all have a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 47132524   5 EEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLegilegsVRNSLWRPAPFKCPTCRKETSATGINS 68
Cdd:cd16603   2 QRELTCPICMNYFIDPVTIDCGHSFCRPCL-------YLNWQDIPFLAQCPECRKTTEQRNLKT 58

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, TRIM34 and similar proteins; TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, and TRIM34, four closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM5, also known as RING finger protein 88 (RNF88), is a capsid-specific restriction factor that prevents infection from non-host-adapted retroviruses in a species-specific manner by binding to and destabilizing the retroviral capsid lattice before reverse transcription is completed. Its retroviral restriction activity correlates with the ability to activate TAK1-dependent innate immune signaling. TRIM5 also acts as a pattern recognition receptor that activates innate immune signaling in response to the retroviral capsid lattice. Moreover, TRIM5 plays a role in regulating autophagy through activation of autophagy regulator BECN1 by causing its dissociation from its inhibitors BCL2 and TAB2. It also plays a role in autophagy by acting as a selective autophagy receptor which recognizes and targets HIV-1 capsid protein p24 for autophagic destruction. TRIM6, also known as RING finger protein 89 (RNF89), is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that cooperates with the E2-ubiquitin conjugase UbE2K to catalyze the synthesis of unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, and further stimulates the interferon-I kappa B kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon) kinase-mediated antiviral response. It also regulates the transcriptional activity of Myc during the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency, and may act as a novel regulator for Myc-mediated transcription in ES cells. TRIM22, also known as 50 kDa-stimulated trans-acting factor (Staf-50) or RING finger protein 94 (RNF94), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an integral role in the host innate immune response to viruses. It has been shown to inhibit the replication of a number of viruses, including HIV-1, hepatitis B, and influenza A. TRIM22 acts as a suppressor of basal HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transcription by preventing the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding to the HIV-1 promoter. It also controls FoxO4 activity and cell survival by directing Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-stimulated cells toward type I interferon (IFN) type I gene induction or apoptosis. Moreover, TRIM22 can activate the noncanonical nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway by activating I kappa B kinase alpha (IKKalpha). It also regulates nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)-dependent activation of interferon-beta signaling and nuclear factor-kappaB. TRIM34, also known as interferon-responsive finger protein 1 or RING finger protein 21 (RNF21), may function as antiviral protein that contribute to the defense against retroviral infections.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 47132524   4 LEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSVRNSLWRpapfKCPTCRKETSatgINSLQVNYSLKGIVE 80
Cdd:cd16591   3 IKEEVTCPICLELLTEPLSLDCGHSFCQACITANHKESVNQEGES----SCPVCRTSYQ---PENLRPNRHLANIVE 72

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 222 (RNF222) and similar proteins; RNF222 is an uncharacterized C3HC4-type RING-HC finger-containing protein. It may function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 47132524   9 TCPICCSLFDD-PRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSVrnslwrpapFKCPTCRKETS 62
Cdd:cd16564   2 ECPVCYEDFDDaPRILSCGHSFCEDCLVKQLVSMT---------ISCPICRRVTF 47

DNA repair protein rad18; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are involved in nucleotide excision repair.This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 47132524     4 LEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKClegilegsVRNSLwRPAPfKCPTCRKETSATginSLQVNYSLKGIVEKYN 83
Cdd:TIGR00599  23 LDTSLRCHICKDFFDVPVLTSCSHTFCSLC--------IRRCL-SNQP-KCPLCRAEDQES---KLRSNWLVSEIVESFK 89

                  ....*
gi 47132524    84 KIKIS 88
Cdd:TIGR00599  90 NLRPS 94

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 72 (TRIM72) and similar proteins; TRIM72, also known as Mitsugumin-53 (MG53), is a muscle-specific protein that plays a central role in cell membrane repair by nucleating the assembly of the repair machinery at muscle injury sites. It is required in repair of alveolar epithelial cells under plasma membrane stress failure. It interacts with dysferlin to regulate sarcolemmal repair. Upregulation of TRIM72 develops obesity, systemic insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, as well as induces diabetic cardiomyopathy through transcriptional activation of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) signaling pathway. Compensation for the absence of AKT signaling by ERK signaling during TRIM72 overexpression leads to pathological hypertrophy. Moreover, TRIM72 functions as a novel negative feedback regulator of myogenesis via targeting insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). It is transcriptionally activated by the synergism of myogenin (MyoD) and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). TRIM72 belongs to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 47132524  94 CKGHLgQPLNIFCLTDMQLICGICATRGEHTKH 126
Cdd:cd19797   3 CEEHL-DPLSVYCEQDRALICGVCASLGKHKGH 34

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Mus musculus tripartite motif-containing protein 43 (TRIM43) and similar propteins; This subfamily includes TRIM43A, TRIM43B and TRIM43C, which are expressed specifically in mouse preimplantation embryos. They contain a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 47132524   5 EEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSvrnslwrPAPFKCPTCRKETSATGIN 67
Cdd:cd23133   1 EETLTCSICQGIFMNPVYLRCGHKFCEACLLLFQEDI-------KFPAYCPMCRQPFNQEYIN 56

B-box zinc finger;

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 47132524    89 PKMPVCKGHLGQPLNIFCLTDMQLICGICaTRGEHTKHVFCSI 131
Cdd:pfam00643   1 SKERLCPEHEEEPLTLYCNDCQELLCEEC-SVGEHRGHTVVPL 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 45 (TRIM45) and similar proteins; TRIM45, also known as RING finger protein 99 (RNF99), is a novel receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK1)-interacting protein that suppresses transcriptional activities of Elk-1 and AP-1 and downregulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction through inhibiting RACK1/PKC (protein kinase C) complex formation. It also negatively regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B)-mediated transcription and suppresses cell proliferation. TRIM45 belongs to the C-VII subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a filamin-type immunoglobulin (IG-FLMN) domain and NHL repeats positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 47132524  10 CPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSV------RNSLWRPAPFKCPTCRKE 60
Cdd:cd16588   3 CPVCGKLFQEPRLLPCLHTLCSPCLRQLEPFSVcglrggDRSEKSNYSVLCPVCDSE 59

second RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana ORTHRUS and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Arabidopsis thaliana ORTHRUS 1-5. They are E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases that may participate in CpG methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation and/or epigenetic transcriptional silencing. ORTHRUS 1 mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBC11, UBC8 and UBC8 homologs (e.g. UBC10, UBC11, UBC28 and UBC29) but not with UBC27, UBC30, UBC32, UBC34 and UBC36. ORTHRUS 2 and 5 mediate ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC11. ORTHRUS 1 and 2 promote methylation-mediated gene silencing leading, for example, to early flowering. They can bind to CpG, CpNpG, and CpNpN DNA motifs, with a strong preference for methylated forms, and with highest affinity for CpG substrates. Members of this subfamily contain two typical C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers. This model corresponds to the second one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 47132524   7 DLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEG--------SVRNSL-WRPAPFKCPTCRKETS 62
Cdd:cd23139   5 EFGCQICKKVLSLPVSTPCGHNFCKACLEAKFAGiadvrdrgNGGRSLrARKNVKPCPCCKTDIS 69

first RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana ORTHRUS and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Arabidopsis thaliana ORTHRUS 1-5. They are E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases that may participate in CpG methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation and/or epigenetic transcriptional silencing. ORTHRUS 1 mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBC11, UBC8 and UBC8 homologs (e.g. UBC10, UBC11, UBC28 and UBC29) but not with UBC27, UBC30, UBC32, UBC34 and UBC36. ORTHRUS 2 and 5 mediate ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC11. ORTHRUS 1 and 2 promote methylation-mediated gene silencing leading, for example, to early flowering. They can bind to CpG, CpNpG, and CpNpN DNA motifs, with a strong preference for methylated forms, and with highest affinity for CpG substrates. Members of this subfamily contain two typical C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers. This model corresponds to the first one.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 47132524   6 EDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILEGSVRnslwrpapfKCPTCR 58
Cdd:cd23138   1 DELNCSFCMQLPERPVTTPCGHNFCLKCFQKWMGQGKK---------TCGTCR 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (AtBARD1) and similar proteins; AtBARD1, also called protein REPRESSOR OF WUSCHEL 1, binds specifically to H3K4me3 regions of target gene (e.g. WUS and WOX5) promoters to repress their transcription via chromatin remodeling. It is required for the shoot apical meristem (SAM) organization and maintenance, by confining WUS expression to the organizing center, and for the quiescent center (QC) development in the root apical meristem (RAM), by repressing WOX5 expression in the root proximal meristem. AtBARD1 plays a role in DNA repair and in cell-cycle control. It is required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), both natural and induced by genotoxic stress, by homologous recombination (HR). AtBARD1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 47132524   4 LEEDLTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCL 34
Cdd:cd23146   1 MELELKCPICLKLLNRPVLLPCDHIFCSSCI 31

RING finger, HC subclass, found in SH3 domain-containing RING finger protein 2 (SH3RF2) and similar proteins; SH3RF2, also known as heart protein phosphatase 1-binding protein (HEPP1), plenty of SH3s (POSH)-eliminating RING protein (POSHER), protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 39, or RING finger protein 158 (RNF158), is a putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as an anti-apoptotic regulator for the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway by binding to and promoting the proteasomal degradation of SH3RF1 (or POSH), a scaffold protein that is required for pro-apoptotic JNK activation. It may also play a role in cardiac functions together with protein phosphatase 1. SH3RF2 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger responsible for the E3 ligase activity and four Src Homology 3 (SH3) domains, which are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 47132524   8 LTCPICCSLFD-DPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILegSVRNSLwrpapfKCPTCR 58
Cdd:cd16749   1 LECPVCFEKLDvTAKVLPCQHTFCKPCLQRIF--KARKEL------RCPECR 44

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7) and similar proteins; TRAF7, also known as RING finger and WD repeat-containing protein 1 or RING finger protein 119 (RNF119), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in signal transduction pathways that lead either to activation or repression of NF-kappaB transcription factor by promoting K29-linked ubiquitination of several cellular targets, including the NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO) and the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB transcription factor. It is also involved in K29-linked polyubiquitination that has been implicated in lysosomal degradation of proteins. Moreover, TRAF7 is required for K48-linked ubiquitination of p53, a key tumor suppressor and a master regulator of various signaling pathways, such as those related to apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA repair. It is also required for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced Jun N-terminal kinase activation and promotes cell death by regulating polyubiquitination and lysosomal degradation of c-FLIP protein. Furthermore, TRAF7 functions as small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase involved in other post-translational modification, such as sumoylation. It binds to and stimulates sumoylation of the proto-oncogene product c-Myb, a transcription factor regulating proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. It potentiates MEKK3-induced AP1 and CHOP activation and induces apoptosis. Meanwhile, TRAF7 mediates MyoD1 regulation of the pathway and cell-cycle progression in myoblasts. It also plays a role in Toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling. TRAF7 contains an N-terminal domain with a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and an adjacent zinc finger, and a unique C-terminal domain that comprises a coiled coil domain and seven WD40 repeats.

                        10        20
                ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 47132524   8 LTCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEG 36
Cdd:cd16644   6 LYCPLCQRVFKDPVITSCGHTFCRRCALT 34

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM16, TRIM29, TRIM47 and similar proteins; This family includes a group of tripartite motif-containing proteins, such as TRIM16, TRIM29 and TRIM47. TRIM16, also termed estrogen-responsive B box protein (EBBP), is a regulator that may play a role in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation. It may also act as a tumor suppressor through affecting cell proliferation and migration or tumorigenicity in carcinogenesis. TRIM29, also termed ataxia telangiectasia group D-associated protein (ATDC), plays a crucial role in the regulation of macrophage activation in response to viral or bacterial infections within the respiratory tract. TRIM47, also known as gene overexpressed in astrocytoma protein (GOA) or RING finger protein 100 (RNF100), plays an important role in the process of dedifferentiation that is associated with astrocytoma tumorigenesis. TRIM16 and TRIM29 belong to an unclassified TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that do not have RING fingers and thus lack the characteristic tripartite (RING (R), B-box, and coiled coil (CC)) RBCC motif. TRIM47 belongs to the C-IV subclass of TRIM family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 47132524  93 VCKGHlGQPLNIFCLTDMQLICGICAtRGEHTKHVFCSIEDAYAQ 137
Cdd:cd19769   2 VCPIH-KKPLELFCRTDQMCICELCA-KEEHRGHDVVTVEEEREK 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in SH3 domain-containing RING finger protein 3 (SH3RF3) and similar proteins; SH3RF3, also known as plenty of SH3s 2 (POSH2) or SH3 multiple domains protein 4 (SH3MD4), is a scaffold protein with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. It was identified in a screen for interacting partners of p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2). It may play a role in regulating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mediated apoptosis in certain conditions. It also interacts with GTP-loaded Rac1. SH3RF3 is highly homologous to SH3RF1. Both contain an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger responsible for the E3 ligase activity and four Src Homology 3 (SH3) domains, which are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 47132524   8 LTCPICCSLFD-DPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLEGILegSVRNSLwrpapfKCPTCR 58
Cdd:cd16750   3 LECSVCLERLDtTSKVLPCQHTFCRRCLESIV--SSRKEL------RCPECR 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein RNFT1, RNFT2, and similar proteins; Both RNFT1 and RNFT2 are multi-pass membrane proteins containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Their biological roles remain unclear.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 47132524   9 TCPICCSLFDDPRVLPCSHNFCKKCLegilegsvrnSLWRPAPFKCPTCR 58
Cdd:cd16532   2 ICPICQDEFKDPVVLRCKHIFCEDCV----------SEWFERERTCPLCR 41