P-loop containing Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolases; Members of the P-loop NTPase domain superfamily are characterized by a conserved nucleotide phosphate-binding motif, also referred to as the Walker A motif (GxxxxGK[S/T], where x is any residue), and the Walker B motif (hhhh[D/E], where h is a hydrophobic residue). The Walker A and B motifs bind the beta-gamma phosphate moiety of the bound nucleotide (typically ATP or GTP) and the Mg2+ cation, respectively. The P-loop NTPases are involved in diverse cellular functions, and they can be divided into two major structural classes: the KG (kinase-GTPase) class which includes Ras-like GTPases and its circularly permutated YlqF-like; and the ASCE (additional strand catalytic E) class which includes ATPase Binding Cassette (ABC), DExD/H-like helicases, 4Fe-4S iron sulfur cluster binding proteins of NifH family, RecA-like F1-ATPases, and ATPases Associated with a wide variety of Activities (AAA). Also included are a diverse set of nucleotide/nucleoside kinase families.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573   3 EYKLVVVGAGGVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVF 82
Cdd:cd04138    1 EYKLVVVGAGGVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVF 80

                         90
                 ....*....|....
gi 675627573  83 AINNTKSFEDIHQY 96
Cdd:cd04138   81 AINSRKSFEDIHTY 94

Ras GTPase family containing H-Ras,N-Ras and K-Ras4A/4B; H-Ras/N-Ras/K-Ras subfamily. H-Ras, N-Ras, and K-Ras4A/4B are the prototypical members of the Ras family. These isoforms generate distinct signal outputs despite interacting with a common set of activators and effectors, and are strongly associated with oncogenic progression in tumor initiation. Mutated versions of Ras that are insensitive to GAP stimulation (and are therefore constitutively active) are found in a significant fraction of human cancers. Many Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) have been identified. They are sequestered in the cytosol until activation by growth factors triggers recruitment to the plasma membrane or Golgi, where the GEF colocalizes with Ras. Active (GTP-bound) Ras interacts with several effector proteins that stimulate a variety of diverse cytoplasmic signaling activities. Some are known to positively mediate the oncogenic properties of Ras, including Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), RalGEFs, and Tiam1. Others are proposed to play negative regulatory roles in oncogenesis, including RASSF and NORE/MST1. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573   3 EYKLVVVGAGGVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVF 82
Cdd:cd04138    1 EYKLVVVGAGGVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVF 80

                         90
                 ....*....|....
gi 675627573  83 AINNTKSFEDIHQY 96
Cdd:cd04138   81 AINSRKSFEDIHTY 94

Ras-like protein; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573   1 MTEYKLVVVGAGGVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLC 80
Cdd:PTZ00369   3 STEYKLVVVGGGGVGKSALTIQFIQNHFIDEYDPTIEDSYRKQCVIDEETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGQGFLC 82

                         90
                 ....*....|...
gi 675627573  81 VFAINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:PTZ00369  83 VYSITSRSSFEEI 95

small GTP-binding protein domain; Proteins with a small GTP-binding domain recognized by this model include Ras, RhoA, Rab11, translation elongation factor G, translation initiation factor IF-2, tetratcycline resistance protein TetM, CDC42, Era, ADP-ribosylation factors, tdhF, and many others. In some proteins the domain occurs more than once.This model recognizes a large number of small GTP-binding proteins and related domains in larger proteins. Note that the alpha chains of heterotrimeric G proteins are larger proteins in which the NKXD motif is separated from the GxxxxGK[ST] motif (P-loop) by a long insert and are not easily detected by this model. [Unknown function, General]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573   16 KSALTIQLIQNH-FVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVV-IDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINN-TKSFED 92
Cdd:TIGR00231  14 KSTLLNSLLGNKgSITEYYPGTTRNYVTTVIeEDGKTYKFNLLDTAGQEDYDAIRRLYYPQVERSLRVFDIVIlVLDVEE 93

                  .
gi 675627573   93 I 93
Cdd:TIGR00231  94 I 94

Ras GTPase family containing H-Ras,N-Ras and K-Ras4A/4B; H-Ras/N-Ras/K-Ras subfamily. H-Ras, N-Ras, and K-Ras4A/4B are the prototypical members of the Ras family. These isoforms generate distinct signal outputs despite interacting with a common set of activators and effectors, and are strongly associated with oncogenic progression in tumor initiation. Mutated versions of Ras that are insensitive to GAP stimulation (and are therefore constitutively active) are found in a significant fraction of human cancers. Many Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) have been identified. They are sequestered in the cytosol until activation by growth factors triggers recruitment to the plasma membrane or Golgi, where the GEF colocalizes with Ras. Active (GTP-bound) Ras interacts with several effector proteins that stimulate a variety of diverse cytoplasmic signaling activities. Some are known to positively mediate the oncogenic properties of Ras, including Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), RalGEFs, and Tiam1. Others are proposed to play negative regulatory roles in oncogenesis, including RASSF and NORE/MST1. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573   3 EYKLVVVGAGGVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVF 82
Cdd:cd04138    1 EYKLVVVGAGGVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVF 80

                         90
                 ....*....|....
gi 675627573  83 AINNTKSFEDIHQY 96
Cdd:cd04138   81 AINSRKSFEDIHTY 94

Ras subfamily of RAS small GTPases; Similar in fold and function to the bacterial EF-Tu GTPase. p21Ras couples receptor Tyr kinases and G protein receptors to protein kinase cascades

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573    16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIHQ 95
Cdd:smart00173  13 KSALTIQFIQGHFVDDYDPTIEDSYRKQIEIDGEVCLLDILDTAGQEEFSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLLVYSITDRQSFEEIKK 92

                   .
gi 675627573    96 Y 96
Cdd:smart00173  93 F 93

Rat sarcoma (Ras) family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases); The Ras family of the Ras superfamily includes classical N-Ras, H-Ras, and K-Ras, as well as R-Ras, Rap, Ral, Rheb, Rhes, ARHI, RERG, Rin/Rit, RSR1, RRP22, Ras2, Ras-dva, and RGK proteins. Ras proteins regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Ras is activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that release GDP and allow GTP binding. Many RasGEFs have been identified. These are sequestered in the cytosol until activation by growth factors triggers recruitment to the plasma membrane or Golgi, where the GEF colocalizes with Ras. Active GTP-bound Ras interacts with several effector proteins: among the best characterized are the Raf kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), RalGEFs and NORE/MST1. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIHQ 95
Cdd:cd00876   12 KSALTIRFVSGEFVEEYDPTIEDSYRKQIVVDGETYTLDILDTAGQEEFSAMRDQYIRNGDGFILVYSITSRESFEEIKN 91

                 .
gi 675627573  96 Y 96
Cdd:cd00876   92 I 92

Rat sarcoma (Ras) family 2 of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases); The Ras2 subfamily, found exclusively in fungi, was first identified in Ustilago maydis. In U. maydis, Ras2 is regulated by Sql2, a protein that is homologous to GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors) of the CDC25 family. Ras2 has been shown to induce filamentous growth, but the signaling cascade through which Ras2 and Sql2 regulate cell morphology is not known. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIHQ 95
Cdd:cd04144   12 KTALTIQLCLNHFVETYDPTIEDSYRKQVVVDGQPCMLEVLDTAGQEEYTALRDQWIREGEGFILVYSITSRSTFERVER 91

                 .
gi 675627573  96 Y 96
Cdd:cd04144   92 F 92

Ral (Ras-like) family containing highly homologous RalA and RalB; The Ral (Ras-like) subfamily consists of the highly homologous RalA and RalB. Ral proteins are believed to play a crucial role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, endocytosis, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Despite their high sequence similarity (>80% sequence identity), nonoverlapping and opposing functions have been assigned to RalA and RalBs in tumor migration. In human bladder and prostate cancer cells, RalB promotes migration while RalA inhibits it. A Ral-specific set of GEFs has been identified that are activated by Ras binding. This RalGEF activity is enhanced by Ras binding to another of its target proteins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Ral effectors include RLIP76/RalBP1, a Rac/cdc42 GAP, and the exocyst (Sec6/8) complex, a heterooctomeric protein complex that is involved in tethering vesicles to specific sites on the plasma membrane prior to exocytosis. In rat kidney cells, RalB is required for functional assembly of the exocyst and for localizing the exocyst to the leading edge of migrating cells. In human cancer cells, RalA is required to support anchorage-independent proliferation and RalB is required to suppress apoptosis. RalA has been shown to localize to the plasma membrane while RalB is localized to the intracellular vesicles. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIHQ 95
Cdd:cd04139   13 KSALTLQFMYDEFVEDYEPTKADSYRKKVVLDGEEVQLNILDTAGQEDYAAIRDNYFRSGEGFLLVFSITDMESFTALAE 92

                 .
gi 675627573  96 Y 96
Cdd:cd04139   93 F 93

RSR1/Bud1p family GTPase; RSR1/Bud1p is a member of the Rap subfamily of the Ras family that is found in fungi. In budding yeasts, RSR1 is involved in selecting a site for bud growth on the cell cortex, which directs the establishment of cell polarization. The Rho family GTPase cdc42 and its GEF, cdc24, then establish an axis of polarized growth by organizing the actin cytoskeleton and secretory apparatus at the bud site. It is believed that cdc42 interacts directly with RSR1 in vivo. In filamentous fungi, polar growth occurs at the tips of hypha and at novel growth sites along the extending hypha. In Ashbya gossypii, RSR1 is a key regulator of hyphal growth, localizing at the tip region and regulating in apical polarization of the actin cytoskeleton. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573   3 EYKLVVVGAGGVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVF 82
Cdd:cd04177    1 DYKIVVLGAGGVGKSALTVQFVQNVFIESYDPTIEDSYRKQVEIDGRQCDLEILDTAGTEQFTAMRELYIKSGQGFLLVY 80

                         90
                 ....*....|.
gi 675627573  83 AINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:cd04177   81 SVTSEASLNEL 91

Rap-like family consists of Rap1, Rap2 and RSR1; The Rap subfamily consists of the Rap1, Rap2, and RSR1. Rap subfamily proteins perform different cellular functions, depending on the isoform and its subcellular localization. For example, in rat salivary gland, neutrophils, and platelets, Rap1 localizes to secretory granules and is believed to regulate exocytosis or the formation of secretory granules. Rap1 has also been shown to localize in the Golgi of rat fibroblasts, zymogen granules, plasma membrane, and microsomal membrane of the pancreatic acini, as well as in the endocytic compartment of skeletal muscle cells and fibroblasts. Rap1 localizes in the nucleus of human oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and cell lines. Rap1 plays a role in phagocytosis by controlling the binding of adhesion receptors (typically integrins) to their ligands. In yeast, Rap1 has been implicated in multiple functions, including activation and silencing of transcription and maintenance of telomeres. Rap2 is involved in multiple functions, including activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to regulate the actin cytoskeleton and activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in embryonic Xenopus. A number of effector proteins for Rap2 have been identified, including isoform 3 of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) and Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK), and the RalGEFs RalGDS, RGL, and Rlf, which also interact with Rap1 and Ras. RSR1 is the fungal homolog of Rap1 and Rap2. In budding yeasts, it is involved in selecting a site for bud growth, which directs the establishment of cell polarization. The Rho family GTPase Cdc42 and its GEF, Cdc24, then establish an axis of polarized growth. It is believed that Cdc42 interacts directly with RSR1 in vivo. In filamentous fungi such as Ashbya gossypii, RSR1 is a key regulator of polar growth in the hypha. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573   3 EYKLVVVGAGGVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVF 82
Cdd:cd04136    1 EYKLVVLGSGGVGKSALTVQFVQGIFVDKYDPTIEDSYRKQIEVDCQQCMLEILDTAGTEQFTAMRDLYIKNGQGFALVY 80

                         90
                 ....*....|.
gi 675627573  83 AINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:cd04136   81 SITAQQSFNDL 91

small GTP-binding protein domain; Proteins with a small GTP-binding domain recognized by this model include Ras, RhoA, Rab11, translation elongation factor G, translation initiation factor IF-2, tetratcycline resistance protein TetM, CDC42, Era, ADP-ribosylation factors, tdhF, and many others. In some proteins the domain occurs more than once.This model recognizes a large number of small GTP-binding proteins and related domains in larger proteins. Note that the alpha chains of heterotrimeric G proteins are larger proteins in which the NKXD motif is separated from the GxxxxGK[ST] motif (P-loop) by a long insert and are not easily detected by this model. [Unknown function, General]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573   16 KSALTIQLIQNH-FVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVV-IDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINN-TKSFED 92
Cdd:TIGR00231  14 KSTLLNSLLGNKgSITEYYPGTTRNYVTTVIeEDGKTYKFNLLDTAGQEDYDAIRRLYYPQVERSLRVFDIVIlVLDVEE 93

                  .
gi 675627573   93 I 93
Cdd:TIGR00231  94 I 94

Ras-related and Estrogen-Regulated Growth inhibitor (RERG) and Ras-like 11 (RasL11)-like families; RERG (Ras-related and Estrogen- Regulated Growth inhibitor) and Ras-like 11 are members of a novel subfamily of Ras that were identified based on their behavior in breast and prostate tumors, respectively. RERG expression was decreased or lost in a significant fraction of primary human breast tumors that lack estrogen receptor and are correlated with poor clinical prognosis. Elevated RERG expression correlated with favorable patient outcome in a breast tumor subtype that is positive for estrogen receptor expression. In contrast to most Ras proteins, RERG overexpression inhibited the growth of breast tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. RasL11 was found to be ubiquitously expressed in human tissue, but down-regulated in prostate tumors. Both RERG and RasL11 lack the C-terminal CaaX prenylation motif, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid, and are localized primarily in the cytoplasm. Both are believed to have tumor suppressor activity.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSA--MRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:cd04146   12 KSALTVRFLTKRFIGEYEPNLESLYSRQVTIDGEQVSLEIQDTPGQQQNEDpeSLERSLRWADGFVLVYSITDRSSFDVV 91

                 ...
gi 675627573  94 HQY 96
Cdd:cd04146   92 SQL 94

Ras homolog enriched in striatum (Rhes) and activator of G-protein signaling 1 (Dexras1/AGS1); This subfamily includes Rhes (Ras homolog enriched in striatum) and Dexras1/AGS1 (activator of G-protein signaling 1). These proteins are homologous, but exhibit significant differences in tissue distribution and subcellular localization. Rhes is found primarily in the striatum of the brain, but is also expressed in other areas of the brain, such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, inferior colliculus, and cerebellum. Rhes expression is controlled by thyroid hormones. In rat PC12 cells, Rhes is farnesylated and localizes to the plasma membrane. Rhes binds and activates PI3K, and plays a role in coupling serpentine membrane receptors with heterotrimeric G-protein signaling. Rhes has recently been shown to be reduced under conditions of dopamine supersensitivity and may play a role in determining dopamine receptor sensitivity. Dexras1/AGS1 is a dexamethasone-induced Ras protein that is expressed primarily in the brain, with low expression levels in other tissues. Dexras1 localizes primarily to the cytoplasm, and is a critical regulator of the circadian master clock to photic and nonphotic input. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:cd04143   13 KTAIVSRFLGGRFEEQYTPTIEDFHRKLYSIRGEVYQLDILDTSGNHPFPAMRRLSILTGDVFILVFSLDNRESFEEV 90

Ras homolog family, member G (RhoG) of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases); RhoG is a GTPase with high sequence similarity to members of the Rac subfamily, including the regions involved in effector recognition and binding. However, RhoG does not bind to known Rac1 and Cdc42 effectors, including proteins containing a Cdc42/Rac interacting binding (CRIB) motif. Instead, RhoG interacts directly with Elmo, an upstream regulator of Rac1, in a GTP-dependent manner and forms a ternary complex with Dock180 to induce activation of Rac1. The RhoG-Elmo-Dock180 pathway is required for activation of Rac1 and cell spreading mediated by integrin, as well as for neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor. Thus RhoG activates Rac1 through Elmo and Dock180 to control cell morphology. RhoG has also been shown to play a role in caveolar trafficking and has a novel role in signaling the neutrophil respiratory burst stimulated by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Most Rho proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rho proteins.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRD-QYMRTGEGFLCvFAINNTKSFEDI- 93
Cdd:cd01875   16 KTCLLICYTTNAFPKEYIPTVFDNYSAQTAVDGRTVSLNLWDTAGQEEYDRLRTlSYPQTNVFIIC-FSIASPSSYENVr 94

                 ...
gi 675627573  94 HQY 96
Cdd:cd01875   95 HKW 97

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1)-like consists of Rac1, Rac2 and Rac3; The Rac1-like subfamily consists of Rac1, Rac2, and Rac3 proteins, plus the splice variant Rac1b that contains a 19-residue insertion near switch II relative to Rac1. While Rac1 is ubiquitously expressed, Rac2 and Rac3 are largely restricted to hematopoietic and neural tissues respectively. Rac1 stimulates the formation of actin lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. It also plays a role in cell-matrix adhesion and cell anoikis. In intestinal epithelial cells, Rac1 is an important regulator of migration and mediates apoptosis. Rac1 is also essential for RhoA-regulated actin stress fiber and focal adhesion complex formation. In leukocytes, Rac1 and Rac2 have distinct roles in regulating cell morphology, migration, and invasion, but are not essential for macrophage migration or chemotaxis. Rac3 has biochemical properties that are closely related to Rac1, such as effector interaction, nucleotide binding, and hydrolysis; Rac2 has a slower nucleotide association and is more efficiently activated by the RacGEF Tiam1. Both Rac1 and Rac3 have been implicated in the regulation of cell migration and invasion in human metastatic breast cancer. Most Rho proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rho proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRD-QYMRTGEgFLCVFAINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:cd01871   14 KTCLLISYTTNAFPGEYIPTVFDNYSANVMVDGKPVNLGLWDTAGQEDYDRLRPlSYPQTDV-FLICFSLVSPASFENV 91

Ras - dorsal-ventral anterior localization (Ras-dva) family; Ras-dva subfamily. Ras-dva (Ras - dorsal-ventral anterior localization) subfamily consists of a set of proteins characterized only in Xenopus leavis, to date. In Xenopus Ras-dva expression is activated by the transcription factor Otx2 and begins during gastrulation throughout the anterior ectoderm. Ras-dva expression is inhibited in the anterior neural plate by factor Xanf1. Downregulation of Ras-dva results in head development abnormalities through the inhibition of several regulators of the anterior neural plate and folds patterning, including Otx2, BF-1, Xag2, Pax6, Slug, and Sox9. Downregulation of Ras-dva also interferes with the FGF-8a signaling within the anterior ectoderm. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  12 GGVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFE 91
Cdd:cd04147    8 AGVGKTALIQRFLYDTFEPKHRRTVEELHSKEYEVAGVKVTIDILDTSGSYSFPAMRKLSIQNGDAFALVYSVDDPESFE 87

                 ..
gi 675627573  92 DI 93
Cdd:cd04147   88 EV 89

Ras of Complex, Roc, domain of DAPkinase; Roc, or Ras of Complex, proteins are mitochondrial Rho proteins (Miro-1, and Miro-2) and atypical Rho GTPases. Full-length proteins have a unique domain organization, with tandem GTP-binding domains and two EF hand domains (pfam00036) that may bind calcium. They are also larger than classical small GTPases. It has been proposed that they are involved in mitochondrial homeostasis and apoptosis.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573   13 GVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSY-RKQVVI---DGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFainNTK 88
Cdd:pfam08477   9 GVGKTSLLKRFVDDTFDPKYKSTIGVDFkTKTVLEnddNGKKIKLNIWDTAGQERFRSLHPFYYRGAAAALLVY---DSR 85

                  ....*.
gi 675627573   89 SFEDIH 94
Cdd:pfam08477  86 TFSNLK 91

Rho (Ras homology) subfamily of Ras-like small GTPases; Members of this subfamily of Ras-like small GTPases include Cdc42 and Rac, as well as Rho isoforms.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 675627573    16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRD-QYMRTgEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:smart00174  11 KTCLLIVYTTNAFPEDYVPTVFENYSADVEVDGKPVELGLWDTAGQEDYDRLRPlSYPDT-DVFLICFSVDSPASFENV 88

Rho GTPase TC10 (Tc10); TC10 is a Rho family protein that has been shown to induce microspike formation and neurite outgrowth in vitro. Its expression changes dramatically after peripheral nerve injury, suggesting an important role in promoting axonal outgrowth and regeneration. TC10 regulates translocation of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 in adipocytes and has also been shown to bind directly to Golgi COPI coat proteins. GTP-bound TC10 in vitro can bind numerous potential effectors. Depending on its subcellular localization and distinct functional domains, TC10 can differentially regulate two types of filamentous actin in adipocytes. TC10 mRNAs are highly expressed in three types of mouse muscle tissues: leg skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and uterus; they were also present in brain, with higher levels in adults than in newborns. TC10 has also been shown to play a role in regulating the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) through interactions with CFTR-associated ligand (CAL). The GTP-bound form of TC10 directs the trafficking of CFTR from the juxtanuclear region to the secretory pathway toward the plasma membrane, away from CAL-mediated DFTR degradation in the lysosome. Most Rho proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rho proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIHQ 95
Cdd:cd04135   13 KTCLLMSYANDAFPEEYVPTVFDHYAVSVTVGGKQYLLGLYDTAGQEDYDRLRPLSYPMTDVFLICFSVVNPASFQNVKE 92

Ras homology family 2 (Rho2) of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases); Rho2 is a fungal GTPase that plays a role in cell morphogenesis, control of cell wall integrity, control of growth polarity, and maintenance of growth direction. Rho2 activates the protein kinase C homolog Pck2, and Pck2 controls Mok1, the major (1-3) alpha-D-glucan synthase. Together with Rho1 (RhoA), Rho2 regulates the construction of the cell wall. Unlike Rho1, Rho2 is not an essential protein, but its overexpression is lethal. Most Rho proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for proper intracellular localization via membrane attachment. As with other Rho family GTPases, the GDP/GTP cycling is regulated by GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors), GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) and GDIs (guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 675627573  27 HFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIHQ 95
Cdd:cd04129   25 EFPEEYHPTVFENYVTDCRVDGKPVQLALWDTAGQEEYERLRPLSYSKAHVILIGFAIDTPDSLENVRT 93

Rab GTPase family 4 (Rab4); Rab4 subfamily. Rab4 has been implicated in numerous functions within the cell. It helps regulate endocytosis through the sorting, recycling, and degradation of early endosomes. Mammalian Rab4 is involved in the regulation of many surface proteins including G-protein-coupled receptors, transferrin receptor, integrins, and surfactant protein A. Experimental data implicate Rab4 in regulation of the recycling of internalized receptors back to the plasma membrane. It is also believed to influence receptor-mediated antigen processing in B-lymphocytes, in calcium-dependent exocytosis in platelets, in alpha-amylase secretion in pancreatic cells, and in insulin-induced translocation of Glut4 from internal vesicles to the cell surface. Rab4 is known to share effector proteins with Rab5 and Rab11. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVV-IDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIH 94
Cdd:cd04113   13 KSCLLHQFIENKFKQDSNHTIGVEFGSRVVnVGGKSVKLQIWDTAGQERFRSVTRSYYRGAAGALLVYDITSRESFNALT 92

                 ..
gi 675627573  95 QY 96
Cdd:cd04113   93 NW 94

Rab GTPase family 11 (Rab11)-like includes Rab11a, Rab11b, and Rab25; Rab11a, Rab11b, and Rab25 are closely related, evolutionary conserved Rab proteins that are differentially expressed. Rab11a is ubiquitously synthesized, Rab11b is enriched in brain and heart and Rab25 is only found in epithelia. Rab11/25 proteins seem to regulate recycling pathways from endosomes to the plasma membrane and to the trans-Golgi network. Furthermore, Rab11a is thought to function in the histamine-induced fusion of tubulovesicles containing H+, K+ ATPase with the plasma membrane in gastric parietal cells and in insulin-stimulated insertion of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of Rab25 has recently been observed in ovarian cancer and breast cancer, and has been correlated with worsened outcomes in both diseases. In addition, Rab25 overexpression has also been observed in prostate cancer, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and invasive breast tumor cells. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTI--EDSYRkQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:cd01868   16 KSNLLSRFTRNEFNLDSKSTIgvEFATR-TIQIDGKTIKAQIWDTAGQERYRAITSAYYRGAVGALLVYDITKKSTFENV 94

Rab GTPase family 35 (Rab35); Rab35 is one of several Rab proteins to be found to participate in the regulation of osteoclast cells in rats. In addition, Rab35 has been identified as a protein that interacts with nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) in human cells. Overexpression of NPM-ALK is a key oncogenic event in some anaplastic large-cell lymphomas; since Rab35 interacts with N|PM-ALK, it may provide a target for cancer treatments. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYR-KQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIH 94
Cdd:cd04110   19 KSSLLLRFADNTFSGSYITTIGVDFKiRTVEINGERVKLQIWDTAGQERFRTITSTYYRGTHGVIVVYDVTNGESFVNVK 98

                 ..
gi 675627573  95 QY 96
Cdd:cd04110   99 RW 100

Rab GTPase family 1 includes the yeast homolog Ypt1; Rab1/Ypt1 subfamily. Rab1 is found in every eukaryote and is a key regulatory component for the transport of vesicles from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. Studies on mutations of Ypt1, the yeast homolog of Rab1, showed that this protein is necessary for the budding of vesicles of the ER as well as for their transport to, and fusion with, the Golgi apparatus. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYR-KQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIH 94
Cdd:cd01869   15 KSCLLLRFADDTYTESYISTIGVDFKiRTIELDGKTVKLQIWDTAGQERFRTITSSYYRGAHGIIIVYDVTDQESFNNVK 94

                 ..
gi 675627573  95 QY 96
Cdd:cd01869   95 QW 96

Rab family protein; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHfVDEYDPTIEDSYR-KQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:PLN03118  27 KSSLLVSFISSS-VEDLAPTIGVDFKiKQLTVGGKRLKLTIWDTAGQERFRTLTSSYYRNAQGIILVYDVTRRETFTNL 104

Rab GTPase families 8, 10, 13 (Rab8, Rab10, Rab13); Rab8/Sec4/Ypt2 are known or suspected to be involved in post-Golgi transport to the plasma membrane. It is likely that these Rabs have functions that are specific to the mammalian lineage and have no orthologs in plants. Rab8 modulates polarized membrane transport through reorganization of actin and microtubules, induces the formation of new surface extensions, and has an important role in directed membrane transport to cell surfaces. The Ypt2 gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes a member of the Ypt/Rab family of small GTP-binding proteins, related in sequence to Sec4p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae but closer to mammalian Rab8. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYR-KQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIH 94
Cdd:cd01867   16 KSCLLLRFSEDSFNPSFISTIGIDFKiRTIELDGKKIKLQIWDTAGQERFRTITTSYYRGAMGIILVYDITDEKSFENIK 95

                 ..
gi 675627573  95 QY 96
Cdd:cd01867   96 NW 97

Rab GTPase family 15 (Rab15); Rab15 colocalizes with the transferrin receptor in early endosome compartments, but not with late endosomal markers. It codistributes with Rab4 and Rab5 on early/sorting endosomes, and with Rab11 on pericentriolar recycling endosomes. It is believed to function as an inhibitory GTPase that regulates distinct steps in early endocytic trafficking. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYR-KQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIH 94
Cdd:cd04117   13 KTCLLCRFTDNEFHSSHISTIGVDFKmKTIEVDGIKVRIQIWDTAGQERYQTITKQYYRRAQGIFLVYDISSERSYQHIM 92

                 ..
gi 675627573  95 QY 96
Cdd:cd04117   93 KW 94

Ras homology family 3 (Rho3) of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases); Rho3 is a member of the Rho family found only in fungi. Rho3 is believed to regulate cell polarity by interacting with the diaphanous/formin family protein For3 to control both the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules. Rho3 is also believed to have a direct role in exocytosis that is independent of its role in regulating actin polarity. The function in exocytosis may be two-pronged: first, in the transport of post-Golgi vesicles from the mother cell to the bud, mediated by myosin (Myo2); second, in the docking and fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane, mediated by an exocyst (Exo70) protein. Most Rho proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rho proteins.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRD-QYMRTGEGFLCvFAINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:cd04134   13 KTSLLNVFTRGYFPQVYEPTVFENYIHDIFVDGLAVELSLWDTAGQEEFDRLRSlSYADTHVIMLC-FSVDNPDSLENV 90

Rab GTPase; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVV-IDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDIH 94
Cdd:PLN03110  25 KSNILSRFTRNEFCLESKSTIGVEFATRTLqVEGKTVKAQIWDTAGQERYRAITSAYYRGAVGALLVYDITKRQTFDNVQ 104

                 ..
gi 675627573  95 QY 96
Cdd:PLN03110 105 RW 106

Rat sarcoma (Ras)-like superfamily of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases); Ras-like GTPase superfamily. The Ras-like superfamily of small GTPases consists of several families with an extremely high degree of structural and functional similarity. The Ras superfamily is divided into at least four families in eukaryotes: the Ras, Rho, Rab, and Sar1/Arf families. This superfamily also includes proteins like the GTP translation factors, Era-like GTPases, and G-alpha chain of the heterotrimeric G proteins. Members of the Ras superfamily regulate a wide variety of cellular functions: the Ras family regulates gene expression, the Rho family regulates cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression, the Rab and Sar1/Arf families regulate vesicle trafficking, and the Ran family regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport and microtubule organization. The GTP translation factor family regulates initiation, elongation, termination, and release in translation, and the Era-like GTPase family regulates cell division, sporulation, and DNA replication. Members of the Ras superfamily are identified by the GTP binding site, which is made up of five characteristic sequence motifs, and the switch I and switch II regions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  13 GVGKSALTIQLIQNHFV---DEYDPTI-EDSYRKQvvIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRD-----QYMRTGEGFLCVFA 83
Cdd:cd00882    7 GVGKSSLLNALLGGEVGevsDVPGTTRdPDVYVKE--LDKGKVKLVLVDTPGLDEFGGLGReelarLLLRGADLILLVVD 84

                         90
                 ....*....|.
gi 675627573  84 INNTKSFEDIH 94
Cdd:cd00882   85 STDRESEEDAK 95

Rab GTPase family 2 (Rab2); Rab2 is localized on cis-Golgi membranes and interacts with Golgi matrix proteins. Rab2 is also implicated in the maturation of vesicular tubular clusters (VTCs), which are microtubule-associated intermediates in transport between the ER and Golgi apparatus. In plants, Rab2 regulates vesicle trafficking between the ER and the Golgi bodies and is important to pollen tube growth. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVV-IDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:cd01866   17 KSCLLLQFTDKRFQPVHDLTIGVEFGARMItIDGKQIKLQIWDTAGQESFRSITRSYYRGAAGALLVYDITRRETFNHL 95

Rab GTPase family 33 includes Rab33A and Rab33B; Rab33B/Rab33A subfamily. Rab33B is ubiquitously expressed in mouse tissues and cells, where it is localized to the medial Golgi cisternae. It colocalizes with alpha-mannose II. Together with the other cisternal Rabs, Rab6A and Rab6A', it is believed to regulate the Golgi response to stress and is likely a molecular target in stress-activated signaling pathways. Rab33A (previously known as S10) is expressed primarily in the brain and immune system cells. In humans, it is located on the X chromosome at Xq26 and its expression is down-regulated in tuberculosis patients. Experimental evidence suggests that Rab33A is a novel CD8+ T cell factor that likely plays a role in tuberculosis disease processes. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  13 GVGKSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYR-KQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEY-SAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSF 90
Cdd:cd04115   12 NVGKTCLTYRFCAGRFPERTEATIGVDFReRTVEIDGERIKVQLWDTAGQERFrKSMVQHYYRNVHAVVFVYDVTNMASF 91

                 ...
gi 675627573  91 EDI 93
Cdd:cd04115   92 HSL 94

Rab GTPase family 14 (Rab14); Rab14 GTPases are localized to biosynthetic compartments, including the rough ER, the Golgi complex, and the trans-Golgi network, and to endosomal compartments, including early endosomal vacuoles and associated vesicles. Rab14 is believed to function in both the biosynthetic and recycling pathways between the Golgi and endosomal compartments. Rab14 has also been identified on GLUT4 vesicles, and has been suggested to help regulate GLUT4 translocation. In addition, Rab14 is believed to play a role in the regulation of phagocytosis. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYRKQVV-IDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAINNTKSFEDI 93
Cdd:cd04122   15 KSCLLHQFTEKKFMADCPHTIGVEFGTRIIeVNGQKIKLQIWDTAGQERFRAVTRSYYRGAAGALMVYDITRRSTYNHL 93

Rab GTPase-like family 2 (Rab-like2); RabL2 (Rab-like2) subfamily. RabL2s are novel Rab proteins identified recently which display features that are distinct from other Rabs, and have been termed Rab-like. RabL2 contains RabL2a and RabL2b, two very similar Rab proteins that share > 98% sequence identity in humans. RabL2b maps to the subtelomeric region of chromosome 22q13.3 and RabL2a maps to 2q13, a region that suggests it is also a subtelomeric gene. Both genes are believed to be expressed ubiquitously, suggesting that RabL2s are the first example of duplicated genes in human proximal subtelomeric regions that are both expressed actively. Like other Rab-like proteins, RabL2s lack a prenylation site at the C-terminus. The specific functions of RabL2a and RabL2b remain unknown. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  22 QLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSY-----RKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAI-------NNTKS 89
Cdd:cd04124   15 KLVERFLMDGYEPQQLSTYaltlyKHNAKFEGKTILVDFWDTAGQERFQTMHASYYHKAHACILVFDVtrkitykNLSKW 94

                 ....*..
gi 675627573  90 FEDIHQY 96
Cdd:cd04124   95 YEELREY 101

GTPase SAR1 family domain [General function prediction only];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  13 GVGKSALTIQLIQNHF-VDEYDPTIE-DSYRKQVVIDGETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGF-LCVFAINNTKS 89
Cdd:COG1100   13 GVGKTSLVNRLVGDIFsLEKYLSTNGvTIDKKELKLDGLDVDLVIWDTPGQDEFRETRQFYARQLTGAsLYLFVVDGTRE 92

                 ....*..
gi 675627573  90 FEDIHQY 96
Cdd:COG1100   93 ETLQSLY 99

Rab GTPase family 27a (Rab27a); The Rab27a subfamily consists of Rab27a and its highly homologous isoform, Rab27b. Unlike most Rab proteins whose functions remain poorly defined, Rab27a has many known functions. Rab27a has multiple effector proteins, and depending on which effector it binds, Rab27a has different functions as well as tissue distribution and/or cellular localization. Putative functions have been assigned to Rab27a when associated with the effector proteins Slp1, Slp2, Slp3, Slp4, Slp5, DmSlp, rabphilin, Dm/Ce-rabphilin, Slac2-a, Slac2-b, Slac2-c, Noc2, JFC1, and Munc13-4. Rab27a has been associated with several human diseases, including hemophagocytic syndrome (Griscelli syndrome or GS), Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and choroidermia. In the case of GS, a rare, autosomal recessive disease, a Rab27a mutation is directly responsible for the disorder. When Rab27a is localized to the secretory granules of pancreatic beta cells, it is believed to mediate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, making it a potential target for diabetes therapy. When bound to JFC1 in prostate cells, Rab27a is believed to regulate the exocytosis of prostate- specific markers. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 675627573  16 KSALTIQLIQNHFVDEYDPTIEDSYR-KQVVID----------GETCLLDILDTAGQEEYSAMRDQYMRTGEGFLCVFAI 84
Cdd:cd04127   17 KTTFLYRYTDNKFNPKFITTVGIDFReKRVVYNsqgpdgtsgkAFRVHLQLWDTAGQERFRSLTTAFFRDAMGFLLMFDL 96