Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-2 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-2. Jade-2, also termed PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-2 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-2 contains a canonical PHD finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPSCVTAF 348
Cdd:cd15705     1 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPSCITAF 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462601773 349 HVTCAFDHGLEMRTILADNDEVKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:cd15705    81 HVTCAFDHGLEMRTTLADNDEVKFKSFCLEH 111

DNA polymerase III subunits gamma and tau; Validated

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 639 RDPSLRPGDPARKARGRTRLPAKKKPPPPPPQDGPGSRTTPDKAPKKTWGQDAGsgkGGQGPPTRKPPRRTSSHLPSSPA 718
Cdd:PRK07764  634 AAPAEASAAPAPGVAAPEHHPKHVAVPDASDGGDGWPAKAGGAAPAAPPPAPAP---AAPAAPAGAAPAQPAPAPAATPP 710

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 719 AgdcpilATPESPPPLAPETPDEAASVAADSDVQVPGPAASPKPLGRLRPPreskvtrrlPGARPDAGMGPPSAVAERPK 798
Cdd:PRK07764  711 A------GQADDPAAQPPQAAQGASAPSPAADDPVPLPPEPDDPPDPAGAP---------AQPPPPPAPAPAAAPAAAPP 775

                         170       180       190       200
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462601773 799 VSLHFDTEtdgyfsdgEMSDSDVEAEDGGVQRGPREAGAEEVVRM 843
Cdd:PRK07764  776 PSPPSEEE--------EMAEDDAPSMDDEDRRDAEEVAMELLEEE 812

Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-2 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-2. Jade-2, also termed PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-2 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-2 contains a canonical PHD finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPSCVTAF 348
Cdd:cd15705     1 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPSCITAF 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462601773 349 HVTCAFDHGLEMRTILADNDEVKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:cd15705    81 HVTCAFDHGLEMRTTLADNDEVKFKSFCLEH 111

PHD-zinc-finger like domain;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 267 PKCLLCPKRGGALKPTrSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITkISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPSCVT 346
Cdd:pfam13832   1 VRCCLCPLRGGALKQT-SDGRWVHVLCAIFVPEVRFGNVATMEPID-VSRIPPERWKLKCVFCKKRSGACIQCSKGRCTT 78

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2462601773 347 AFHVTCAFDHGLEMRtiLADNDEVKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:pfam13832  79 AFHVTCAQAAGVYME--PEDWPNVVVIAYCQKH 109

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 216 VCDVCRSPEgeDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACYGI----LKVPTGSWLCRTC 261
Cdd:pfam00628   1 YCAVCGKSD--DGGELVQCDGCDDWFHLACLGPpldpAEIPSGEWLCPEC 48

DNA polymerase III subunits gamma and tau; Validated

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 639 RDPSLRPGDPARKARGRTRLPAKKKPPPPPPQDGPGSRTTPDKAPKKTWGQDAGsgkGGQGPPTRKPPRRTSSHLPSSPA 718
Cdd:PRK07764  634 AAPAEASAAPAPGVAAPEHHPKHVAVPDASDGGDGWPAKAGGAAPAAPPPAPAP---AAPAAPAGAAPAQPAPAPAATPP 710

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 719 AgdcpilATPESPPPLAPETPDEAASVAADSDVQVPGPAASPKPLGRLRPPreskvtrrlPGARPDAGMGPPSAVAERPK 798
Cdd:PRK07764  711 A------GQADDPAAQPPQAAQGASAPSPAADDPVPLPPEPDDPPDPAGAP---------AQPPPPPAPAPAAAPAAAPP 775

                         170       180       190       200
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462601773 799 VSLHFDTEtdgyfsdgEMSDSDVEAEDGGVQRGPREAGAEEVVRM 843
Cdd:PRK07764  776 PSPPSEEE--------EMAEDDAPSMDDEDRRDAEEVAMELLEEE 812

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462601773  326 CSLCKEC--TGTCIQCSMpsCVTAFHVTCAFDHGLEmrtiladnDEVKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:smart00249   2 CSVCGKPddGGELLQCDG--CDRWYHQTCLGPPLLE--------EEPDGKWYCPKC 47

Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-2 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-2. Jade-2, also termed PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-2 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-2 contains a canonical PHD finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPSCVTAF 348
Cdd:cd15705     1 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPSCITAF 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462601773 349 HVTCAFDHGLEMRTILADNDEVKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:cd15705    81 HVTCAFDHGLEMRTTLADNDEVKFKSFCLEH 111

Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-3 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-3. Jade-3, also termed PHD finger protein 16 (PHF16), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is close related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-3 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyl transferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-3 contains a canonical PHD domain followed by this non-canonical ePHD domain, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPSCVTAF 348
Cdd:cd15706     1 CLLCPKTGGAMKATRTGTKWAHVSCALWIPEVSIACPERMEPITKVSHIPPSRWALVCSLCKLKTGACIQCSVKSCITAF 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462601773 349 HVTCAFDHGLEMRTILADNDEVKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:cd15706    81 HVTCAFEHSLEMKTILDEGDEVKFKSYCLKH 111

Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-1 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-1. Jade-1, also termed PHD finger protein 17 (PHF17), is a novel binding partner of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor Pvhl, a key regulator of cellular oxygen sensing pathway. It is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules. Jade-1 functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. It may be involved in the Serine/threonine kinase AKT/AKT1 pathway during renal cancer pathogenesis and normally prevents renal epithelial cell proliferation and transformation. It also acts as a pro-apoptotic and growth suppressive ubiquitin ligase to inhibit canonical Wnt downstream effector beta-catenin for proteasomal degradation and ASA transcription factor associated with histone acetyltransferase activity and with increased abundance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Moreover, Jade-1 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex, and plays a role in epithelial cell regeneration. It has also been identified as a novel component of the nephrocystin protein (NPHP) complex and interacts with the ciliary protein nephrocystin-4 (NPHP4). Jade-1 contains a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 266 QPKCLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPSCV 345
Cdd:cd15704     1 QPKCLLCPKKGGAMKPTRSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGSPEKMEPITKVSHIPSSRWALVCSLCNEKVGASIQCSVKNCR 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462601773 346 TAFHVTCAFDHGLEMRTILADNDEVKFKSFCQEHS 380
Cdd:cd15704    81 TAFHVTCAFDRGLEMKTILAENDEVKFKSYCPKHS 115

PHD-zinc-finger like domain;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 267 PKCLLCPKRGGALKPTrSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITkISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPSCVT 346
Cdd:pfam13832   1 VRCCLCPLRGGALKQT-SDGRWVHVLCAIFVPEVRFGNVATMEPID-VSRIPPERWKLKCVFCKKRSGACIQCSKGRCTT 78

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2462601773 347 AFHVTCAFDHGLEMRtiLADNDEVKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:pfam13832  79 AFHVTCAQAAGVYME--PEDWPNVVVIAYCQKH 109

Extended plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, characterized by Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His; PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. The extended PHD finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, which has been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKP-----TRSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPItKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPS 343
Cdd:cd15571     1 CALCPRSGGALKGggalkTTSDGLWVHVVCALWSPEVYFDDGTLLEVE-GVSKIPKRRKKLKCSICGKRGGACIQCSYPG 79

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462601773 344 CVTAFHVTCAFDHGLEMRTIladNDEVKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:cd15571    80 CPRSFHVSCAIRAGCLFEFE---DGPGNFVVYCPKH 112

Extended PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana ATX1, -2, and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This subfamily includes the ePHD finger of A. thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like proteins ATX1, -2, and similar proteins. ATX1 and -2 are sister paralogs originating from a segmental chromosomal duplication; they are plant counterparts of the Drosophila melanogaster trithorax (TRX) and mammalian mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL1) proteins. ATX1 (also known as protein SET domain group 27, or trithorax-homolog protein 1/TRX-homolog protein 1), is a methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It also acts as a histone modifier and as a positive effector of gene expression. ATX1 regulates transcription from diverse classes of genes implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses. It is involved in dehydration stress signaling in both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. ATX2 (also known as protein SET domain group 30, or trithorax-homolog protein 2/TRX-homolog protein 2), is involved in dimethylating histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2). ATX1 and ATX2 are multi-domain proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, FYRN- and FYRC (DAST, domain associated with SET in trithorax) domains, a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a C-terminal SET domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGTkWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSMPSCVTAF 348
Cdd:cd15662     1 CCLCPVVGGALKPTTDGR-WAHLACAIWIPETCLLDVKTMEPVDGINAISKERWELSCTICKQRYGACIQCSNNSCRVAY 79

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462601773 349 HVTCAFDHGLEMRTILADNDE-----VKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:cd15662    80 HPLCARAAGLCMEVADEGGEDpgdqgLRLLSYCPRH 115

Extended PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2 (JMJD2) family of histone demethylases; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of JMJD2 proteins. JMJD2 proteins, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4 histone demethylases (KDM4), have been implicated in various cellular processes including DNA damage response, transcription, cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, senescence, and carcinogenesis. They selectively catalyze the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36. This model contains three JMJD2 proteins, JMJD2A-C, which all contain jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a Tudor domain. JMJD2D is not included in this family, since it lacks both PHD and Tudor domains and has a different substrate specificity. JMJD2A-C are required for efficient cancer cell growth.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGtKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITkISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECT------GTCIQCSMP 342
Cdd:cd15675     1 CCLCCLRGGALKPTTDG-RWAHVVCAIAIPEVRFSNVPERGPID-ISKIPPARLKLKCIYCSKITksmshmGACIQCSTG 78

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 343 SCVTAFHVTCAFDHGLEMRT 362
Cdd:cd15675    79 KCTTSFHVTCAHAAGVQMEP 98

Extended PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 3 (BRPF3) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of BRPF3. BRF3 is a homolog of BRPF1 and BRPF2. It is a scaffold protein that forms a novel monocytic leukemic zinc finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex with other regulatory subunits. BRPF3 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGtKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKE-CTGTCIQCSMPSCVTA 347
Cdd:cd15703     1 CVLCPNKGGAFKQTSDG-RWAHVVCAIWIPEVCFANTVFLEPVEGVNNIPPARWKLTCYLCKQkGRGAAIQCHKVNCYTA 79

                          90
                  ....*....|....
gi 2462601773 348 FHVTCAFDHGLEMR 361
Cdd:cd15703    80 FHVTCAQRAGLFMK 93

Extended PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 2 (BRPF2) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of BRPF2. BRPF2 also termed bromodomain-containing protein 1 (BRD1), or BR140-likeprotein, is encoded by BRL (BR140 Like gene). It is responsible for the bulk of the acetylation of H3K14 and forms a novel monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex with HBO1 and ING4. The complex is required for full transcriptional activation of the erythroid-specific regulator genes essential for terminal differentiation and survival of erythroblasts in fetal liver. BRPF2 shows widespread expression and localizes to the nucleus within spermatocytes. It contains a cysteine rich region harboring a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSgTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKE-CTGTCIQCSMPSCVTA 347
Cdd:cd15702     1 CVLCPNKGGAFKKTDD-DRWGHVVCALWIPEVGFANTVFIEPIDGVRNIPPARWKLTCYLCKQkGVGACIQCHKANCYTA 79

                          90
                  ....*....|....
gi 2462601773 348 FHVTCAFDHGLEMR 361
Cdd:cd15702    80 FHVTCAQKAGLYMK 93

PHD finger found in protein Jade-3 and similar proteins; Jade-3, also termed PHD finger protein 16 (PHF16), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-3 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyl transferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-3 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD domain followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) domain, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 216 VCDVCRSPEGEDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACYGILKVPTGSWLCRTCALGV 265
Cdd:cd15681     1 ICDVCRSPDSEEGNDMVFCDKCNICVHQACYGILKVPEGSWLCRTCVLGI 50

Extended PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana ATX3, -4, -5, and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This subfamily includes the ePHD finger of A. thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like proteins ATX3 (also termed protein SET domain group 14, or trithorax-homolog protein 3), ATX4 (also termed protein SET domain group 16, or trithorax-homolog protein 4) and ATX5 (also termed protein SET domain group 29, or trithorax-homolog protein 5), which belong to the histone-lysine methyltransferase family. These proteins show distinct phylogenetic origins from the family of ATX1 and ATX2. They are multi-domain proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical extended PHD finger, and a C-terminal SET domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITKISHIPASRWALSCSLCKECTGTCIQCSmpSCVTAF 348
Cdd:cd15663     1 CCLCPVKGGALKPTDVEGLWVHVTCAWFRPEVCFKNEEKMEPAVGLLRIPLSTFLKACVICKQIHGSCTQCC--KCATYF 78

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2462601773 349 HVTCAFDHGLEMRT-ILADN--DEVKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:cd15663    79 HAMCASRAGYHMELhCLEKNgvQITRMVSYCSFH 112

Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukaemia) oncogene in leukaemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated protein SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGTkWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITkISHIPASRWALSCSLCKE-------CTGTCIQCSM 341
Cdd:cd15672     1 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGG-WAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVATMEPII-LQDVPQDRFNKTCYICEEqgreskaSTGACMQCNK 78

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 342 PSCVTAFHVTCAFDHGL--EMRTILADNdeVKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:cd15672    79 SGCKQSFHVTCAQMAGLlcEEAGNYSDN--VKYCGYCSYH 116

Extended PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2C (JMJD2C); The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of JMJD2C. JMJD2C, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4C (KDM4C), or gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1 protein (GASC-1 protein), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3C (JHDM3C), is an epigenetic factor that catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36, and may be involved in the development and/or progression of various types of cancer including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC) and breast cancer. It selectively interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) and plays a role in breast cancer progression. Moreover, JMJD2C may play an important role in the treatment of obesity and its complications by modulating the regulation of adipogenesis by nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). JMJD2C contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a Tudor domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 269 CLLCPKRGGALKPTrSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPItKISHIPASRWALSCSLC----KECTGTCIQCSMPSC 344
Cdd:cd15715     1 CCLCNLRGGALKQT-SDDKWAHVMCAVALPEVRFINVVERTPI-DISRIPLQRLKLKCIFCrnriKRVSGACIQCSYGRC 78

                          90
                  ....*....|....*.
gi 2462601773 345 VTAFHVTCAFDHGLEM 360
Cdd:cd15715    79 PASFHVTCAHAAGVLM 94

Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-17 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of AF-17. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as a translocation partner of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. AF-17 contains an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 268 KCLLCPKRGGALKPTRSGtKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITkISHIPASRWALSCSLCKE-------CTGTCIQCS 340
Cdd:cd15709     4 RCELCPHKDGALKRTDNG-GWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIV-LQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEqgreskaASGACMTCN 81

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462601773 341 MPSCVTAFHVTCAFDHGLEMRTILADNDEVKFKSFCQEH 379
Cdd:cd15709    82 RHGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEEVLEVDNVKYCGYCKYH 120

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 2 (BRPF2) and similar proteins; BRPF2, also termed bromodomain-containing protein 1 (BRD1), or BR140-like protein, is encoded by BRL (BR140 Like gene). It is responsible for the bulk of the acetylation of H3K14 and forms a novel monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex with HBO1 and ING4. The complex is required for full transcriptional activation of the erythroid-specific regulator genes essential for terminal differentiation and survival of erythroblasts in fetal liver. BRPF2 shows widespread expression and localizes to the nucleus within spermatocytes. It contains a cysteine rich region harboring a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462601773 214 DVVCDVCRSPEGEDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACYGILKVPTGSWLCRTC 261
Cdd:cd15677     1 DAVCCICMDGECQNSNVILFCDMCNLAVHQECYGVPYIPEGQWLCRHC 48

PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like protein ATX3, ATX4, ATX5, and similar proteins; The family includes A. thaliana ATX3 (also termed protein SET domain group 14, or trithorax-homolog protein 3), ATX4 (also termed protein SET domain group 16, or trithorax-homolog protein 4) and ATX5 (also termed protein SET domain group 29, or trithorax-homolog protein 5), which belong to the histone-lysine methyltransferase family. They show distinct phylogenetic origins from the ATX1 and ATX2 family. They are multi-domain containing proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a C-terminal SET domain; this model corresponds to the Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462601773 217 CDVCRSPEGEDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACYGILKV-PTGSWLCRTC 261
Cdd:cd15495     2 CAVCNEGEDDDNNPLITCNRCQISVHQKCYGIREVdPDGSWVCRAC 47

PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; This family includes protein AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) oncogene in leukemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of the yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as a Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462601773 217 CDVCRSPEGEDGNEMVFCD--KCNVCVHQACYGILKVPTGSWLCRTC 261
Cdd:cd15574     2 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDghGCNVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 48

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 216 VCDVCRSPEgeDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACYGI----LKVPTGSWLCRTC 261
Cdd:pfam00628   1 YCAVCGKSD--DGGELVQCDGCDDWFHLACLGPpldpAEIPSGEWLCPEC 48

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462601773  216 VCDVCRSPEgeDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACYGI---LKVPTGSWLCRTC 261
Cdd:smart00249   1 YCSVCGKPD--DGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGPpllEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

PHD finger superfamily; The PHD finger superfamily includes a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger typically characterized as Cys4HisCys3, and a non-canonical extended PHD finger, characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. Variations include the RAG2 PHD finger characterized by Cys3His2Cys2His and the PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing proteins characterized by Cys4HisCys2His. The PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. Single or multiple copies of PHD fingers have been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. The PHD finger domain SF is structurally similar to the RING and FYVE_like superfamilies.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462601773 216 VCDVCRSPeGEDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACYGI---LKVPTGSWLCRTC 261
Cdd:cd15489     1 SCIVCGKG-GDLGGELLQCDGCGKWFHADCLGPplsSFVPNGKWICPVC 48

PHD finger 1 found in polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-associated polycomb-like (PCL) family proteins MTF2, PHF19, and similar proteins; The family includes two PCL family proteins, metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2/PCL2) and PHF19/PCL3, which are homologs of PHD finger protein1 (PHF1). PCL family proteins are accessory components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core complex and all contain an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. They specifically recognize tri-methylated H3K36 (H3K36me3) through their N-terminal Tudor domains. The interaction between their Tudor domains and H3K36me3 is critical for both the targeting and spreading of PRC2 into active chromatin regions and for the maintenance of optimal repression of poised developmental genes where PCL proteins, H3K36me3, and H3K27me3 coexist. Moreover, unlike other PHD finger-containing proteins, the first PHD fingers of PCL proteins do not display histone H3K4 binding affinity and they do not affect the Tudor domain binding to histones. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462601773 216 VCDVCRSPEGEDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACY-----GILKVPTGSWLCRTC 261
Cdd:cd15499     1 TCSICGGAEARDGNEILICDKCDKGYHQLCHspkvrTSPLEGDEKWFCSRC 51

Extended PHD finger found in histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A); The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This subfamily includes the ePHD finger of KMT2A. KMT2A also termed ALL-1, or CXXC-type zinc finger protein 7, or myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia protein 1 (MLL1), or trithorax-like protein (Htrx), or zinc finger protein HRX, is a histone methyltransferase that belongs to the MLL subfamily of H3K4-specific histone lysine methyltransferases (KMT2). It regulates chromatin-mediated transcription through the catalysis of methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4), and is frequently rearranged in acute leukemia. KMT2A functions as the catalytic subunit in the MLL1 complex, which also contains WDR5, RbBP5, ASH2L and DPY30 as integral core subunits required for the efficient methylation activity of the complex. The MLL1 complex is highly active and specific for H3K4methylation. KMT2A contains a CxxC (x for any residue) zinc finger domain, three PHD fingers, a Bromodomain domain, this extended PHD finger, two FY (phenylalanine tyrosine)-rich domains, and a SET (Suppressor of variegation, Enhancer of zeste, Trithorax) domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 287 KWVHVSCALWIPEVSigcpEKMEPITKISHIPASRWA-LSCSLCKEcTGTCIQCSMPSCVTAFHVTCAfdhgLEMRTILA 365
Cdd:cd15693    27 EWTHVNCALWSAEVF----EDDDGSLKNVHMAVIRGKqLRCEFCQK-PGATVGCCLTSCTSNYHFMCS----RAKNCVFL 97

                          90
                  ....*....|....*.
gi 2462601773 366 DNDEVkfksFCQEHSD 381
Cdd:cd15693    98 EDKKV----YCQRHKD 109

PHD finger 1 found in metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2); MTF2, also termed metal regulatory transcription factor 2, or metal-response element DNA-binding protein M96, or polycomb-like protein 2 (PCL2), complexes with the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) in embryonic stem cells and regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. It recruits the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome and target loci in embryonic stem cells. Moreover, MTF2 is required for PRC2-mediated Hox cluster repression. It activates the Cdkn2a gene and promotes cellular senescence, thus suppressing the catalytic activity of PRC2 locally. MTF2 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462601773 216 VCDVCRSPEGEDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACY-----GILKVPTGSWLCRTC 261
Cdd:cd15578     1 VCTVCQDGSSESPNEIVLCDKCGQGYHQLCHnpkidSSVLDPDVPWLCRQC 51

PHD finger found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe SWM histone demethylase complex subunits Phf1 (Phf1p) and Phf2 (Phf2p); Phf1p and Phf2p are components of the SWM histone demethylase complex that specifically demethylates histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. They function as corepressors and play roles in regulating heterochromatin propagation and euchromatic transcription. Both Phf1p and Phf2p contain a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2462601773 216 VCDVCRSPEGEDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACY------GILKVPTGSWLCRTC 261
Cdd:cd15502     1 VCIVCQRGHSPKSNRIVFCDGCNTPYHQLCHdpsiddEVVEDPDAEWFCKKC 52

Extended PHD finger found in retinoic acid-induced protein 1 (RAI1), transcription factor 20 (TCF-20) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the C-terminal ePHD/ADD (ATRX-DNMT3-DNMT3L) domain of RAI1 and TCF-20. RAI1, a homolog of stromelysin-1 PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-responsive element-binding protein (SPBP, also termed TCF-20), is a chromatin-binding protein implicated in the regulation of gene expression. TCF-20 is involved in transcriptional activation of the MMP3 (matrix metalloprotease 3) promoter. It also functions as a transcriptional co-regulator that enhances or represses the transcriptional activity of certain transcription factors/cofactors, such as specificity protein 1 (Sp1), E twenty-six 1 (Ets1), paired box protein 6 (Pax6), small nuclear RING-finger (SNURF)/RNF4, c-Jun, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). Both RAI1 and TCF-20 are strongly enriched in chromatin in interphase HeLa cells, and display low nuclear mobility, and have been implicated in Smith-Magenis syndrome and Potocki-Lupski syndrome.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462601773 288 WVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPekmepitKISHIPASRWALS---CSLCKEcTGTCIQCSMPSCVTAFHVTCAFDHGLEMrtil 364
Cdd:cd15668    24 WVHEDCAVWAPGVYLVGG-------KLYGLEEAVWVAKqsvCSSCQQ-TGATIGCLHKGCKAKYHYPCAVESGCQL---- 91