CW-type Zinc Finger; This domain appears to be a zinc finger. The alignment shows four conserved cysteine residues and a conserved tryptophan. It was first identified by, and is predicted to be a "highly specialized mononuclear four-cysteine zinc finger...that plays a role in DNA binding and/or promoting protein-protein interactions in complicated eukaryotic processes including...chromatin methylation status and early embryonic development." Weak homology to pfam00628 further evidences these predictions (personal obs: C Yeats). Twelve different CW-domain-containing protein subfamilies are described, with different subfamilies being characteriztic of vertebrates, higher plants and other animals in which these domain is found.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462615084 256 VWVQCSfpNCGKWRRLCGNIDPSVLPDNWSCDQNTDVQYNRCDIPEE 302
Cdd:pfam07496   1 YWVQCD--SCLKWRRLPTEIDPYELPEPWYCSMNPDPKYNSCDAPEE 45

CW-type Zinc Finger; This domain appears to be a zinc finger. The alignment shows four conserved cysteine residues and a conserved tryptophan. It was first identified by, and is predicted to be a "highly specialized mononuclear four-cysteine zinc finger...that plays a role in DNA binding and/or promoting protein-protein interactions in complicated eukaryotic processes including...chromatin methylation status and early embryonic development." Weak homology to pfam00628 further evidences these predictions (personal obs: C Yeats). Twelve different CW-domain-containing protein subfamilies are described, with different subfamilies being characteriztic of vertebrates, higher plants and other animals in which these domain is found.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462615084 256 VWVQCSfpNCGKWRRLCGNIDPSVLPDNWSCDQNTDVQYNRCDIPEE 302
Cdd:pfam07496   1 YWVQCD--SCLKWRRLPTEIDPYELPEPWYCSMNPDPKYNSCDAPEE 45

domain with conserved PWWP motif; conservation of Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro residues

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2462615084  318 PGSIIWAKQYGYPWWPGMIESDPDLGEYFLFTSHLDSLpskYHVTFFGeTVSRAWIPVNMLK 379
Cdd:smart00293   3 PGDLVWAKMKGFPWWPALVISPKMTPDNIMKRKSDENL---YPVLFFG-DKDTAWIPSSKLF 60

first PWWP domain found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing (NSD) proteins; The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) protein family consists of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L1 that are critical in maintaining the chromatin integrity. Reducing NSD activity through specific lysine-HMTase inhibitors appears promising in suppressing cancer growth. NSD proteins have specific mono- and dimethylase activities for H3K36, and play nonredundant roles during development. NSD1 plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. NSD2 is involved in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, through mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. NSD3 is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD proteins contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (C5HCH). This model corresponds to the first PWWP domain. This family also includes Drosophila melanogaster maternal-effect sterile 4 (dMes4) that may act as a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase required for wing morphogenesis. The PWWP domain specifically recognizes DNA and histone methylated lysines.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462615084 318 PGSIIWAKQYGYPWWPGMIESDPDLGEYFLFTSHLDSLPSKYHVTFFGETVSRAWIPVNMLKNFQ 382
Cdd:cd20144     1 VGDLVWAKVSGHPWWPCMVTYDPESGLYTKIKGSGGRTYRQYHVQFFGDNGERGWVSEKSLMPFE 65

CW-type Zinc Finger; This domain appears to be a zinc finger. The alignment shows four conserved cysteine residues and a conserved tryptophan. It was first identified by, and is predicted to be a "highly specialized mononuclear four-cysteine zinc finger...that plays a role in DNA binding and/or promoting protein-protein interactions in complicated eukaryotic processes including...chromatin methylation status and early embryonic development." Weak homology to pfam00628 further evidences these predictions (personal obs: C Yeats). Twelve different CW-domain-containing protein subfamilies are described, with different subfamilies being characteriztic of vertebrates, higher plants and other animals in which these domain is found.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462615084 256 VWVQCSfpNCGKWRRLCGNIDPSVLPDNWSCDQNTDVQYNRCDIPEE 302
Cdd:pfam07496   1 YWVQCD--SCLKWRRLPTEIDPYELPEPWYCSMNPDPKYNSCDAPEE 45

PWWP domain found in DNA mismatch repair protein MSH6 and similar proteins; MSH6, also called G/T mismatch-binding protein (GTBP or GTMBP), MutS protein homolog 6, or MutS-alpha 160 kDa subunit (p160), is a mismatch repair protein homologous to bacterial MutS. It is a component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR). It heterodimerizes with MSH2 to form MutS alpha, which binds to DNA mismatches thereby initiating DNA repair. When bound, MutS alpha bends the DNA helix and shields approximately 20 base pairs, and recognizes single base mismatches and dinucleotide insertion-deletion loops (IDL) in the DNA. After mismatch binding, it forms a ternary complex with the MutL alpha heterodimer, which is thought to be responsible for directing the downstream MMR events, including strand discrimination, excision, and resynthesis. Mutations in MSH6 have been linked to increased cancer susceptibility, particularly in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in humans. MSH6 contains a PWWP domain, but its role in MSH6 remains unclear. MSH6 orthologs found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis thaliana lack the PWWP domain. PWWP domains typically recognize DNA and histone methylated lysines.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462615084 318 PGSIIWAKQYGYPWWPGMIESDPDLGEYFLFTShldslPSKYHVTFFGETVSRAWIPVNMLKNFQELS 385
Cdd:cd05837     3 PGDLVWAKLEGYPWWPSLVCNHPTTGFHKKFGK-----KGEVHVQFFDDPPSRAWVKAKNVKPFTGSD 65

first PWWP domain found in nuclear SET domain-containing protein 2 (NSD2) and similar proteins; NSD2, also called histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2, multiple myeloma SET domain-containing protein (MMSET), or protein trithorax-5 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 protein (WHSC1), is overexpressed frequently in the t(4;14) translocation in 15% to 20% of multiple myeloma. It plays important roles in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, through mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. It also enhances androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription. The principal chromatin-regulatory activity of NSD2 is dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me2). NSD2 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-prolin motif (PWWP) domains, a high mobility group (HMG) box, five PHD (plant-homeodomain) zinc finger motifs, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (C5HCH). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP, HMG, and PHD domains mediate chromatin interaction and recognition of histone marks. This model corresponds to the first PWWP domain. The PWWP domain specifically recognizes DNA and histone methylated lysines.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462615084 316 YIPGSIIWAKQYGYPWWPGMIESDPDLGEYFLFTSHLDSLpSKYHVTFFGETVSRAWI 373
Cdd:cd20162     1 YNVGDLVWSKVSGYPWWPCMVSADPLLHSHTKLKGQKKSA-RQYHVQFFGDAPERAWI 57

first PWWP domain found in nuclear SET domain-containing protein 3 (NSD3) and similar proteins; NSD3, also called histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD3, protein whistle, WHSC1-like 1 isoform 9 with methyltransferase activity to lysine, or Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like protein 1 (WHSC1-like protein 1, or WHSC1L1), is a lysine methyltransferase encoded by gene NSD3, which is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD3 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-prolin motif (PWWP) domains, five plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger motifs, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (C5HCH). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP and PHD domains are involved in protein-protein interactions. This model corresponds to the first PWWP domain. The PWWP domain specifically recognizes DNA and histone methylated lysines.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462615084 319 GSIIWAKQYGYPWWPGMIESDPDLGEYflftSHLDSLPSK-YHVTFFGETVSRAWI 373
Cdd:cd20163     4 GDLVWSKVGTYPWWPCMVSSDPQLEVH----TKINTRGAReYHVQFFSSQPERAWV 55

PWWP domain found in hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)-related protein (HRP) family; The HRP family includes hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), and HDGF-related proteins (HRPs). HDGF, also called high mobility group protein 1-like 2 (HMG-1L2), is a heparin-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional repressor with mitogenic activity for fibroblasts. It is a prognostic factor in several types of cancer. HDGFL1 is also called PWWP domain-containing protein 1 (PWWP1). Its biological function remains unclear. HDGFL2, also called HDGF-related protein 2 (HRP-2), or hepatoma-derived growth factor 2 (HDGF-2), is involved in cellular growth control, through the regulation of cyclin D1 expression. HDGFL3, also called HDGF-related protein 3 (HRP-3), enhances DNA synthesis and may play a role in cell proliferation. The family also includes PC4 and SFRS1-interacting protein (PSIP) and similar proteins. PSIP, also called CLL-associated antigen KW-7, dense fine speckles 70 kDa protein (DFS 70), lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF), or transcriptional coactivator p75/p52, acts as a transcriptional coactivator involved in neuroepithelial stem cell differentiation and neurogenesis. Members of the HRP family contains a PWWP domain, which is necessary for DNA binding.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462615084 316 YIPGSIIWAKQYGYPWWPGMIESDPDLGEyflftshldSLPSKYHVTFFG 365
Cdd:cd05834     1 FKPGDLVFAKVKGYPPWPARIDEIPEGAK---------IPKNKYPVFFYG 41

PWWP domain found in glyoxylate reductase 1 (GLYR1) and similar proteins; GLYR1, also called 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase-like protein, cytokine-like nuclear factor N-PAC, nuclear protein NP60, or nuclear protein of 60 kDa, is a putative oxidoreductase that is recruited on chromatin and promotes KDM1B demethylase activity. It recognizes and binds trimethylated 'Lys-36' of histone H3 (H3K36me3). GLYR1 enhances the activity of MAP2K4 and MAP2K6 kinases to phosphorylate p38-alpha. In addition to the PWWP domain, GLYR1 also contains an AT-hook and a C-terminal NAD-binding domain. The PWWP domain specifically recognizes DNA and histone methylated lysines.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462615084 316 YIPGSIIWAKQYGYPWWPGMIeSDPDLgeyflftsHLDSLPSK---YHVTFFGeTVSRAWIPVNMLKNFQELSLELS 389
Cdd:cd05836     1 FKIGDLVWAKMKGFPPWPGKI-VNPPP--------DLKKPPRKkkmHCVYFFG-SENYAWIEDENIKPYEEFKEEML 67

PWWP domain found in the DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3 (DNMT3) family; The DNMT3 family includes DNMT3A and DNMT3B, which are required for genome-wide de novo methylation and is essential for the establishment of DNA methylation patterns during development. DNMT3A, also called DNA methyltransferase HsaIIIA, DNA MTase HsaIIIA, or M.HsaIIIA, modifies DNA in a non-processive manner and also methylates non-CpG sites. It may preferentially methylate DNA linker between 2 nucleosomal cores and is inhibited by histone H1. DNMT3A is recruited to trimethylated 'Lys-36' of histone H3 (H3K36me3) sites. DNMT3B, also called DNA methyltransferase HsaIIIB, DNA MTase HsaIIIB, or M.HsaIIIB, may preferentially methylate nucleosomal DNA within the nucleosome core region. DNMT3B may function as a transcriptional co-repressor by associating with CBX4 and independently of DNA methylation. Members of this family contains a PWWP domain that is responsible for establishing DNA methylation patterns during embryogenesis and gametogenesis. In tumorigenesis, DNA methylation by DNMT3B is known to play a role in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. In addition, a point mutation in the PWWP domain of DNMT3B has been identified in patients with ICF (immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalie) syndrome , a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypomethylation of classical satellite DNA.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462615084 318 PGSIIWAKQYGYPWWPGMIESDPDLGEYflftshlDSLPSKYHVTFFGE-TVSRawIPVNMLKNFQE 383
Cdd:cd05835     2 IGDLVWAKLKGSPWWPGIVVSHKDCGQK-------PPAEGSVWVFWFGDhKVSE--VPLDKILPFAE 59

PWWP domain found in protein kinase C-binding protein 1 (PRKCBP1) and similar proteins; PRKCBP1, also called cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen se14-3 (CTCL-associated antigen se14-3), Rack7, or zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 8 (ZMYND8), is a novel receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK)-like protein that may play an important role in the activation and regulation of PKC-beta I, and the PKC signaling cascade. It also has been identified as a formin homology-2-domain containing protein 1 (FHOD1)-binding protein that may be involved in FHOD1-regulated actin polymerization and transcription. Moreover, PRKCBP1 may function as a REST co-repressor 2 (RCOR2) interacting factor. They form a RCOR2/ZMYND8 complex which might be involved in the regulation of neural differentiation. PRKCBP1 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. The PWWP domain specifically recognizes DNA and histone methylated lysines.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2462615084 317 IPGSIIWAKQYGYPWWPG--MIESDPDLgeyflftshldslpskyHVTFFGETvSRAWIPVNM 377
Cdd:cd20160     5 KPHLLVWAKLKGFPFWPAkaLRVNNGQV-----------------DVRFFGAH-DRAWVPVKD 49

PWWP domain found in Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF); HDGF, also called high mobility group protein 1-like 2 (HMG-1L2), is a heparin-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional repressor with mitogenic activity for fibroblasts. It contains a PWWP domain, which is necessary for DNA binding.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462615084 316 YIPGSIIWAKQYGYPWWPGMIESDPDlgeyflftSHLDSLPSKYHVTFFG 365
Cdd:cd20148     1 YKCGDLVFAKMKGYPHWPARIDEMPE--------AAVKSTANKYQVFFFG 42

PWWP domain found in PWWP domain-containing protein 2A (PWWP2A); PWWP2A is a H2A.Z-specific chromatin binding protein which may play an important role in the neural crest stem cell migration and differentiation during early development. It is also required for proper mitosis progression. PWWP2A and its paralog PWWP2B form a stable complex with NuRD subunits MTA1/2/3:HDAC1/2:RBBP4/7, but not with MBD2/3, p66alpha/beta, and CHD3/4. The PWWP domain specifically recognizes DNA and histone methylated lysines.

                          10
                  ....*....|....*...
gi 2462615084 319 GSIIWAKQYGYPWWPGMI 336
Cdd:cd20152    23 GDIVWAKIYGFPWWPARI 40

PWWP domain found in Arabidopsis thaliana protein HUA2-LIKE (HULK) family; The HULK family includes HUA2-like proteins 1-3 (HULK1-3), which are probable transcription factors that act with partial redundancy with each other. They may play diverse and essential roles in the control of plant development, physiology and flowering time. The PWWP domain specifically recognizes DNA and histone methylated lysines.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462615084 319 GSIIWAKQYGYPWWPGMIESDPDLGEYflftshldSLPSKYHVTFFGeTVSRAWIPVNMLKNFQE 383
Cdd:cd20147     1 GDLVLAKVKGFPAWPAQVSEPEDWGSA--------PDPKKVFVHFFG-TQQIGFCNPGELSEFTE 56