Hsp70 (heat shock protein 70) family protein is a molecular chaperone involved in DNA replication, protein folding and the stress response; similar to Beet yellows virus movement protein Hsp70h, which transports viral genomes to neighboring plant cells directly through the plasmodesmata
ATPase-like domain of the ASKHA (Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hsc70/Actin) superfamily; The ASKHA ...
4-367
3.82e-54
ATPase-like domain of the ASKHA (Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hsc70/Actin) superfamily; The ASKHA superfamily, also known as actin-like ATPase domain superfamily, includes acetate and sugar kinases, heat-shock cognate 70 (Hsp70) and actin family proteins. They either function as conformational hydrolases (e.g. Hsp70, actin) that perform simple ATP hydrolysis, or as metabolite kinases (e.g. glycerol kinase) that catalyze the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to their cognate substrates. Both activities depend on the presence of specific metal cations. ASKHA superfamily members share a common core fold that includes an actin-like ATPase domain consisting of two subdomains (denoted I _ II) with highly similar ribonuclease (RNase) H-like folds. The fold of each subdomain is characterized by a central five strand beta-sheet and flanking alpha-helices. The two subdomains form an active site cleft in which ATP binds at the bottom. Another common feature of ASKHA superfamily members is the coupling of phosphoryl-group transfer to conformational rearrangement, leading to domain closure. Substrate binding triggers protein motion.
The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member cd24029:
Pssm-ID: 483947 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 351 Bit Score: 187.78 E-value: 3.82e-54
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone proteins DnaK, HscA, HscC and ...
4-367
3.82e-54
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone proteins DnaK, HscA, HscC and similar proteins; Escherichia coli DnaK, also called heat shock 70 kDa protein/HSP70, plays an essential role in the initiation of phage lambda DNA replication, where it acts in an ATP-dependent fashion with the DnaJ protein to release lambda O and P proteins from the preprimosomal complex. DnaK is also involved in chromosomal DNA replication, possibly through an analogous interaction with the DnaA protein. Moreover, DnaK participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic shock. Escherichia coli HscA, also called Hsc66, acts as a chaperone involved in the maturation of iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins. It has a low intrinsic ATPase activity which is markedly stimulated by HscB. It is involved in the maturation of IscU. Escherichia coli HscC, also called Hsc62, or YbeW, may act as the chaperone. It has ATPase activity. It cannot be stimulated by DnaJ. The family also includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae stress-seventy subfamily C proteins, Ssc1p (also called import motor subunit, mitochondrial; endonuclease SceI 75 kDa subunit; mtHSP70; ENS1; endonuclease SceI 75 kDa subunit) and Ssc3p (also called extracellular mutant protein 10/Ecm10), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Stress-seventy subfamily Q protein 1/Ssq1p (also called Ssc2p; Ssh1p; mtHSP70 homolog). They all belong to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs); for Escherichia coli DnaK, these are the DnaJ and GrpE, respectively.
Pssm-ID: 466879 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 351 Bit Score: 187.78 E-value: 3.82e-54
Hsp70 protein; Hsp70 chaperones help to fold many proteins. Hsp70 assisted folding involves ...
4-434
3.43e-32
Hsp70 protein; Hsp70 chaperones help to fold many proteins. Hsp70 assisted folding involves repeated cycles of substrate binding and release. Hsp70 activity is ATP dependent. Hsp70 proteins are made up of two regions: the amino terminus is the ATPase domain and the carboxyl terminus is the substrate binding region.
Pssm-ID: 394970 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 598 Bit Score: 131.23 E-value: 3.43e-32
chaperone protein DnaK; Members of this family are the chaperone DnaK, of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE ...
121-388
2.76e-27
chaperone protein DnaK; Members of this family are the chaperone DnaK, of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE chaperone system. All members of the seed alignment were taken from completely sequenced bacterial or archaeal genomes and (except for Mycoplasma sequence) found clustered with other genes of this systems. This model excludes DnaK homologs that are not DnaK itself, such as the heat shock cognate protein HscA (TIGR01991). However, it is not designed to distinguish among DnaK paralogs in eukaryotes. Note that a number of dnaK genes have shadow ORFs in the same reverse (relative to dnaK) reading frame, a few of which have been assigned glutamate dehydrogenase activity. The significance of this observation is unclear; lengths of such shadow ORFs are highly variable as if the presumptive protein product is not conserved. [Protein fate, Protein folding and stabilization]
Pssm-ID: 274091 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 595 Bit Score: 116.64 E-value: 2.76e-27
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone proteins DnaK, HscA, HscC and ...
4-367
3.82e-54
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone proteins DnaK, HscA, HscC and similar proteins; Escherichia coli DnaK, also called heat shock 70 kDa protein/HSP70, plays an essential role in the initiation of phage lambda DNA replication, where it acts in an ATP-dependent fashion with the DnaJ protein to release lambda O and P proteins from the preprimosomal complex. DnaK is also involved in chromosomal DNA replication, possibly through an analogous interaction with the DnaA protein. Moreover, DnaK participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic shock. Escherichia coli HscA, also called Hsc66, acts as a chaperone involved in the maturation of iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins. It has a low intrinsic ATPase activity which is markedly stimulated by HscB. It is involved in the maturation of IscU. Escherichia coli HscC, also called Hsc62, or YbeW, may act as the chaperone. It has ATPase activity. It cannot be stimulated by DnaJ. The family also includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae stress-seventy subfamily C proteins, Ssc1p (also called import motor subunit, mitochondrial; endonuclease SceI 75 kDa subunit; mtHSP70; ENS1; endonuclease SceI 75 kDa subunit) and Ssc3p (also called extracellular mutant protein 10/Ecm10), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Stress-seventy subfamily Q protein 1/Ssq1p (also called Ssc2p; Ssh1p; mtHSP70 homolog). They all belong to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs); for Escherichia coli DnaK, these are the DnaJ and GrpE, respectively.
Pssm-ID: 466879 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 351 Bit Score: 187.78 E-value: 3.82e-54
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the 70-kDa heat shock protein 1 (HSPA1)-like family; The ...
5-367
8.40e-43
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the 70-kDa heat shock protein 1 (HSPA1)-like family; The HSPA1-like family includes human HSPA1A (70-kDa heat shock protein 1A, also known as HSP72; HSPA1; HSP70I; HSPA1B; HSP70-1; HSP70-1A), HSPA1B (70-kDa heat shock protein 1B, also known as HSPA1A; HSP70-2; HSP70-1B), and HSPA1L (70-kDa heat shock protein 1-like, also known as HSP70T; hum70t; HSP70-1L; HSP70-HOM), HSPA2 (70-kDa heat shock protein 2, also known as HSP70-2; HSP70-3), BiP (also known as HSP70 family protein 5 /HSPA5; 70-kDa heat shock protein 5; glucose-regulated protein 78/GRP78; immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein), HSPA6 (also known as heat shock 70kDa protein 6; HSP70B'), HSPA7 (heat shock 70kDa protein 7 , also known as HSP70B), HSPA8 (heat shock 70kDa protein 8, also known as Lipopolysaccharide-associated protein 1/LAP1; HSC70; HSP73; HSPA10), HSPA13 (also known as 70-kDa heat shock protein 13; STCH; microsomal stress-70 protein ATPase core; stress-70 protein chaperone microsome-associated 60 kDa protein), as well as Saccharmoyces cerevisiae Hsp70 chaperone Ssb1-2 and heat shock protein Ssa1-4. HSPA1A/1B, HSPA1L, HSPA2 and HSPA6-8 are molecular chaperones implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including protection of the proteome from stress, folding and transport of newly synthesized polypeptides, activation of proteolysis of misfolded proteins and the formation and dissociation of protein complexes. They play pivotal roles in the protein quality control system, ensuring the correct folding of proteins, the re-folding of misfolded proteins and controlling the targeting of proteins for subsequent degradation. BiP plays a key role in protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. It plays an auxiliary role in post-translational transport of small presecretory proteins across endoplasmic reticulum (ER). HSPA13 has peptide-independent ATPase activity. All family members belong to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs).
Pssm-ID: 466878 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 376 Bit Score: 157.67 E-value: 8.40e-43
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone protein HscA and similar ...
131-368
2.31e-35
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone protein HscA and similar proteins; Escherichia coli HscA, also called Hsc66, acts as a chaperone involved in the maturation of iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins. It has a low intrinsic ATPase activity which is markedly stimulated by HscB. It is involved in the maturation of IscU. Members in this subfamily belong to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs). HscA's partner J-domain protein is HscB; it does not appear to require a NEF and has been shown to be induced by cold-shock. The HscA-HscB chaperone/co-chaperone pair is involved in [Fe-S] cluster assembly.
Pssm-ID: 466834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 367 Bit Score: 136.58 E-value: 2.31e-35
Hsp70 protein; Hsp70 chaperones help to fold many proteins. Hsp70 assisted folding involves ...
4-434
3.43e-32
Hsp70 protein; Hsp70 chaperones help to fold many proteins. Hsp70 assisted folding involves repeated cycles of substrate binding and release. Hsp70 activity is ATP dependent. Hsp70 proteins are made up of two regions: the amino terminus is the ATPase domain and the carboxyl terminus is the substrate binding region.
Pssm-ID: 394970 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 598 Bit Score: 131.23 E-value: 3.43e-32
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the HSP70 family; HSP70 (70-kDa heat shock protein) family ...
92-365
3.90e-32
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the HSP70 family; HSP70 (70-kDa heat shock protein) family chaperones assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs). Some HSP70 family members are not chaperones but instead, function as NEFs to remove ADP from their HSP70 chaperone partners during the ATP hydrolysis cycle, some may function as both chaperones and NEFs. The HSP70 family belongs to the ASKHA (Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hsc70/Actin) superfamily, all members of which share a common characteristic five-stranded beta sheet occurring in both the N- and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 466811 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 329 Bit Score: 126.84 E-value: 3.90e-32
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone protein HscC and similar ...
135-367
5.31e-29
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone protein HscC and similar proteins; Escherichia coli HscC, also called Hsc62, or YbeW, may act as the chaperone. It has ATPase activity. It cannot be stimulated by DnaJ. Members in this subfamily belong to the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, Hsp70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs). Two genes in the vicinity of the HscC gene code for potential cochaperones: J-domain containing proteins, DjlB/YbeS and DjlC/YbeV. HscC and its co-chaperone partners may play a role in the SOS DNA damage response. HscC does not appear to require a NEF.
Pssm-ID: 466833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 343 Bit Score: 118.12 E-value: 5.31e-29
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Saccharmoyces cerevisiae Hsp70 chaperone Ssb and similar ...
5-367
7.16e-28
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Saccharmoyces cerevisiae Hsp70 chaperone Ssb and similar proteins; Ssb is ribosome-bound, Hsp70-type chaperone that assists in the co-translational folding of newly synthesized proteins in the cytosol. It stimulates folding by interacting with nascent chains, binding to short, largely hydrophobic sequences exposed by unfolded proteins, thereby stabilizing longer, more slowly translated, and aggregation-prone nascent polypeptides and domains that cannot fold stably until fully synthesized. Ssb cooperates with a specific Hsp40/Hsp70 co-chaperone termed the ribosome-associated complex (RAC), which stimulates the ATPase activity of the ribosome-associated pool of Ssbs and switches it to the high affinity substrate binding state. Saccharmoyces cerevisiae Ssb are encoded by two genes, SSB1 and SSB2. Ssb1p is also known as cold-inducible protein YG101. Members in this subfamily belong to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs).
Pssm-ID: 466943 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 115.47 E-value: 7.16e-28
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 70 kDa protein 13 (HSPA13) and similar proteins; ...
5-367
1.48e-27
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 70 kDa protein 13 (HSPA13) and similar proteins; HSPA13, also called 70-kDa heat shock protein 13, STCH, microsomal stress-70 protein ATPase core, or stress-70 protein chaperone microsome-associated 60 kDa protein, has peptide-independent ATPase activity. It belongs to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs). HSPA13 contains an NBD but lacks an SBD. It may function to regulate cell proliferation and survival and modulate the TRAIL-mediated cell death pathway. The HSPA13 gene is a candidate stomach cancer susceptibility gene; a mutation in the NBD coding region of HSPA13 has been identified in stomach cancer cells. The NBD of HSPA13 interacts with the ubiquitin-like proteins Chap1 and Chap2, implicating HSPA13 in regulating cell cycle and cell death events. HSPA13 is induced by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187.
Pssm-ID: 466835 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 115.13 E-value: 1.48e-27
chaperone protein DnaK; Members of this family are the chaperone DnaK, of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE ...
121-388
2.76e-27
chaperone protein DnaK; Members of this family are the chaperone DnaK, of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE chaperone system. All members of the seed alignment were taken from completely sequenced bacterial or archaeal genomes and (except for Mycoplasma sequence) found clustered with other genes of this systems. This model excludes DnaK homologs that are not DnaK itself, such as the heat shock cognate protein HscA (TIGR01991). However, it is not designed to distinguish among DnaK paralogs in eukaryotes. Note that a number of dnaK genes have shadow ORFs in the same reverse (relative to dnaK) reading frame, a few of which have been assigned glutamate dehydrogenase activity. The significance of this observation is unclear; lengths of such shadow ORFs are highly variable as if the presumptive protein product is not conserved. [Protein fate, Protein folding and stabilization]
Pssm-ID: 274091 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 595 Bit Score: 116.64 E-value: 2.76e-27
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of binding-immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and similar proteins; ...
5-343
1.88e-25
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of binding-immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and similar proteins; This subfamily includes human BiP (also known as HSP70 family protein 5 /HSPA5; 70-kDa heat shock protein 5; glucose-regulated protein 78/GRP78; immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein), Sacchaormyces cerevisiae BiP (also known as Grp78p), Arabidopsis thaliana BiP1-3 (also known as luminal-binding protein 1-3) and related proteins. BiP plays a key role in protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. It plays an auxiliary role in post-translational transport of small presecretory proteins across endoplasmic reticulum (ER). BiP may function as an allosteric modulator for SEC61 channel-forming translocon complex, likely cooperating with SEC62 to enable the productive insertion of these precursors into SEC61 channel. It appears to specifically regulate translocation of precursors having inhibitory residues in their mature region that weaken channel gating. BiP may also play a role in apoptosis and cell proliferation. Plant BiP may be required for pollen development and pollen tube growth. This subfamily belongs to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs).
Pssm-ID: 466837 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 376 Bit Score: 108.45 E-value: 1.88e-25
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone protein DnaK and similar ...
121-367
8.75e-23
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone protein DnaK and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Escherichia coli chaperone protein DnaK (also known as heat shock 70 kDa protein/HSP70), human mitochondrial heat shock 70 kDa protein HSPA9 (also known as mitochondrial stress-70 protein; mortalin; 75 kDa glucose-regulated protein/GRP-75; HSPA9B; MOT; peptide-binding protein 74/PBP74), Saccharomyces cerevisiae stress-seventy subfamily C proteins, Ssc1p (also called import motor subunit, mitochondrial; endonuclease SceI 75 kDa subunit; mtHSP70; ENS1; endonuclease SceI 75 kDa subunit) and Ssc3p (also called extracellular mutant protein 10/Ecm10), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Stress-seventy subfamily Q protein 1/Ssq1p (also called Ssc2p; Ssh1p; mtHSP70 homolog). They all belong to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs); for Escherichia coli DnaK, these are the DnaJ and GrpE, respectively.
Pssm-ID: 466832 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 373 Bit Score: 100.24 E-value: 8.75e-23
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 70 kDa protein 14 (HSPA14) and similar proteins; ...
4-367
4.02e-22
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 70 kDa protein 14 (HSPA14) and similar proteins; HSPA14, also called HSP70-like protein 1 (Hsp70L1), or heat shock protein HSP60, is a component of the ribosome-associated complex (RAC), a complex involved in folding or maintaining nascent polypeptides in a folding-competent state. In the RAC complex, HSPA14 binds to the nascent polypeptide chain, while DNAJC2 stimulates its ATPase activity. It belongs to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis.
Pssm-ID: 466836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 377 Bit Score: 98.47 E-value: 4.02e-22
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial heat shock protein ...
121-365
1.84e-21
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial heat shock protein Ssc1p and Ssc3p and similar proteins; This subgroup includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae Stress-Seventy subfamily C proteins, Ssc1p (also called import motor subunit, mitochondrial; endonuclease SceI 75 kDa subunit; mtHSP70; ENS1; endonuclease SceI 75 kDa subunit) and sc3p (also called extracellular mutant protein 10/Ecm10). Ssc1p is an essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner. It constitutes the ATP-driven core of the motor and binds the precursor preprotein. It is required for the import of the processed frataxin homolog YFH1 into the mitochondrion. Ssc1p also acts as a non-catalytic component of endonuclease SceI (endo.SceI), which cleaves specifically at multiple sites on mitochondrial DNA and produces double-stranded breaks. Ssc1p confers broader sequence specificity, greater stability, and higher activity on the catalytic subunit. Ssc3p plays a role in facilitating the assembly of some protein complexes inside the mitochondria. It may initiate the events that lead to refolding of imported precursors in the matrix space.
Pssm-ID: 466840 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 378 Bit Score: 96.75 E-value: 1.84e-21
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae heat shock protein homolog Sse and ...
124-373
3.48e-21
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae heat shock protein homolog Sse and similar proteins; The subgroup includes two Saccharomyces cerevisiae heat shock protein homologs, Sse1 and Sse2. They may have calcium-dependent calmodulin-binding activities. Both Sse1 and Sse2 belong to the 105/110 kDa heat shock protein (HSP105/110) subfamily of the HSP70-like family, and includes proteins believed to function generally as co-chaperones of HSP70 chaperones, acting as nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs), to remove ADP from their HSP70 chaperone partners during the ATP hydrolysis cycle. HSP70 chaperones assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Like HSP70 chaperones, HSP105/110s have an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD). For HSP70 chaperones, the nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 chaperone activity is also regulated by J-domain proteins.
Pssm-ID: 466944 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 385 Bit Score: 95.90 E-value: 3.48e-21
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of 70-kDa heat shock protein 1 (HSPA1) and similar proteins; ...
135-367
4.14e-20
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of 70-kDa heat shock protein 1 (HSPA1) and similar proteins; This subfamily includes human HSPA1A (70-kDa heat shock protein 1A, also known as HSP72; HSPA1; HSP70I; HSPA1B; HSP70-1; HSP70-1A), HSPA1B (70-kDa heat shock protein 1B, also known as HSPA1A; HSP70-2; HSP70-1B), and HSPA1L (70-kDa heat shock protein 1-like, also known as HSP70T; hum70t; HSP70-1L; HSP70-HOM), HSPA2 (70-kDa heat shock protein 2, also known as HSP70-2; HSP70-3), HSPA6 (also known as heat shock 70kDa protein 6; HSP70B'), HSPA7 (heat shock 70kDa protein 7 , also known as HSP70B), and HSPA8 (heat shock 70kDa protein 8, also known as Lipopolysaccharide-associated protein 1/LAP1; HSC70; HSP73; HSPA10). They are molecular chaperones implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including protection of the proteome from stress, folding and transport of newly synthesized polypeptides, activation of proteolysis of misfolded proteins and the formation and dissociation of protein complexes. They play pivotal roles in the protein quality control system, ensuring the correct folding of proteins, the re-folding of misfolded proteins and controlling the targeting of proteins for subsequent degradation. This is achieved through cycles of ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis and ADP release, mediated by co-chaperones. The subfamily also includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae heat shock protein Ssa1-4, which may play a role in the transport of polypeptides both across the mitochondrial membranes and into the endoplasmic reticulum. This subfamily belongs to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs).
Pssm-ID: 466831 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 92.31 E-value: 4.14e-20
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of human mitochondrial heat shock 70 kDa protein 9 (HSPA9) and ...
135-239
3.99e-18
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of human mitochondrial heat shock 70 kDa protein 9 (HSPA9) and similar proteins; This subgroup includes human mitochondrial HSPA9 (also known as mitochondrial stress-70 protein; mortalin; 75 kDa glucose-regulated protein/GRP-75; HSPA9B; MOT; peptide-binding protein 74/PBP74). It acts as a chaperone protein which plays an important role in mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) biogenesis. It interacts with and stabilizes ISC cluster assembly proteins FXN, NFU1, NFS1 and ISCU. HSPA9 regulates erythropoiesis via stabilization of ISC assembly. It may play a role in the control of cell proliferation and cellular aging. Members in this subgroup belong to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs).
Pssm-ID: 466839 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 377 Bit Score: 86.55 E-value: 3.99e-18
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosome-associated complex ...
120-367
7.30e-18
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosome-associated complex subunit Ssz1 and similar proteins; Ssz1, also called DnaK-related protein Ssz1, heat shock protein 70 homolog Ssz1, or pleiotropic drug resistance protein 13 (PDR13), is a component of the ribosome-associated complex (RAC), a heterodimeric chaperone complex involved in regulation of accurate translation termination and in folding or maintaining nascent polypeptides in a folding-competent state. RAC stimulates the ATPase activity of the ribosome-associated pool of Hsp70-type chaperones Ssb1/Ssb2 that bind to the nascent polypeptide chain. Ssz1 is required for Zuo1 to function efficiently as a J-protein for Ssb1/Ssb2. It is also involved in pleiotropic drug resistance by post-translational activation of transcription factor PDR1. Members in this subfamily belong to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis.
Pssm-ID: 466830 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 349 Bit Score: 85.49 E-value: 7.30e-18
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 70 kDa proteins HSPA12A, HSPA12B and similar ...
5-367
9.40e-18
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 70 kDa proteins HSPA12A, HSPA12B and similar proteins; The family includes heat shock 70 kDa proteins HSPA12A and HSPA12B. HSPA12A is an adapter protein for SORL1, but not SORT1. It delays SORL1 internalization and affects SORL1 subcellular localization. HSPA12B, predominantly expressed in endothelial cells, is required for angiogenesis, and may interact with known angiogenesis mediators. It may be important for host defense in microglia-mediated immune response. Both HSPA12A and HSPA12B belong to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs). No co-chaperones have yet been identified for HSPA12A and HSPA12B.
Pssm-ID: 466827 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 372 Bit Score: 85.41 E-value: 9.40e-18
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Arabidopsis thaliana heat shock 70 kDa protein 14-16 and ...
110-374
2.07e-17
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Arabidopsis thaliana heat shock 70 kDa protein 14-16 and similar proteins; The subgroup includes Arabidopsis thaliana Hsp70-14, also known as heat shock 70 kDa protein 14; heat shock protein 91), Hsp70-15 (also known as heat shock 70 kDa protein 15), and Hsp70-16 (also known as heat shock 70 kDa protein 16). In cooperation with other chaperones, they are key components that facilitate folding of de novo synthesized proteins, assist translocation of precursor proteins into organelles, and are responsible for degradation of damaged protein under stress conditions. Members in this subgroup belong to the 105/110 kDa heat shock protein (HSP105/110) subfamily of the HSP70-like family, and includes proteins believed to function generally as co-chaperones of HSP70 chaperones, acting as nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs), to remove ADP from their HSP70 chaperone partners during the ATP hydrolysis cycle. HSP70 chaperones assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Like HSP70 chaperones, HSP105/110s have an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD). For HSP70 chaperones, the nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 chaperone activity is also regulated by J-domain proteins.
Pssm-ID: 466945 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 389 Bit Score: 84.28 E-value: 2.07e-17
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the 105/110 kDa heat shock protein family; The 105/110 kDa ...
111-367
6.10e-16
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the 105/110 kDa heat shock protein family; The 105/110 kDa heat shock proteins family includes the human proteins, HSPA4 (also known as 70-kDa heat shock protein 4; APG-2; HS24/P52; hsp70 RY; HSPH2), HSPA4L (also known as 70-kDa heat shock protein 4-like; APG-1; HSPH3; OSP94), and HSPH1 (also known as heat shock 105kDa/110kDa protein 1; HSP105; HSP105A; HSP105B; NY-CO-25), Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sse1p, Sse2p and a sea urchin sperm receptor. They all belong to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs).
Pssm-ID: 466838 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 377 Bit Score: 79.91 E-value: 6.10e-16
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 (HSPA4)-like subfamily; ...
111-343
8.30e-15
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 (HSPA4)-like subfamily; This subgroup includes the human proteins, HSPA4 (also known as 70-kDa heat shock protein 4; APG-2; HS24/P52; hsp70 RY; HSPH2), HSPA4L (also known as 70-kDa heat shock protein 4-like; APG-1; HSPH3; OSP94), and HSPH1 (also known as heat shock 105kDa/110kDa protein 1; HSP105; HSP105A; HSP105B; NY-CO-25). They belong to the 105/110 kDa heat shock protein (HSP105/110) subfamily of the HSP70-like family, and includes proteins believed to function generally as co-chaperones of HSP70 chaperones, acting as nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs), to remove ADP from their HSP70 chaperone partners during the ATP hydrolysis cycle. HSP70 chaperones assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Like HSP70 chaperones, HSP105/110s have an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD). For HSP70 chaperones, the nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 chaperone activity is also regulated by J-domain proteins.
Pssm-ID: 466826 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 378 Bit Score: 76.55 E-value: 8.30e-15
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone protein YegD and similar ...
5-365
8.91e-14
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli chaperone protein YegD and similar proteins; The family includes a group of uncharacterized proteins similar to Escherichia coli chaperone protein YegD that belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. YegD lacks the SBD. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs). Some family members are not chaperones but instead, function as NEFs for their Hsp70 partners, other family members function as both chaperones and NEFs.
Pssm-ID: 466829 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 73.46 E-value: 8.91e-14
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of hypoxia up-regulated protein 1 (HYOU1) and similar proteins; ...
111-367
1.38e-13
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of hypoxia up-regulated protein 1 (HYOU1) and similar proteins; This subgroup includes human HYOU1 (also known as human hypoxia up-regulated 1, 170 kDa glucose-regulated protein/GRP170; HSP12A; 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein/ORP150; GRP-170; ORP-150) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lhs1p (also known as Cer1p, SsI1). Mammalian HYOU1 has a pivotal role in cytoprotective cellular mechanisms triggered by oxygen deprivation. It may play a role as a molecular chaperone and participate in protein folding. HYOU1 functions as a nucleotide exchange factor (NEF) for HSPA5 (also known as BiP, Grp78 or HspA5) and may also act as a HSPA5-independent chaperone. S. cerevisiae Lhs1p, does not have a detectable endogenous ATPase activity like canonical HSP70s, but functions as a NEF for Kar2p; it's interaction with Kar2p is stimulated by nucleotide-binding. In addition, Lhs1p has a nucleotide-independent holdase activity that prevents heat-induced aggregation of proteins in vitro. Members in this subgroup belong to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family of chaperones that assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs).
Pssm-ID: 466828 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 353 Bit Score: 72.53 E-value: 1.38e-13
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 70 kDa protein 4L (HSPA4L) and similar proteins; ...
81-365
7.41e-13
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 70 kDa protein 4L (HSPA4L) and similar proteins; HSPA4L, also called heat shock 70-related protein APG-1, heat-shock protein family A member 4-like protein, HSPA4-like protein, osmotic stress protein 94, or HSPH3, possesses chaperone activity in vitro where it inhibits aggregation of citrate synthase. It is expressed ubiquitously and predominantly in the testis. It is required for normal spermatogenesis and plays a role in osmotolerance. HSPA4L belongs to the 105/110 kDa heat shock protein (HSP105/110) subfamily of the HSP70-like family. HSP105/110s are believed to function generally as co-chaperones of HSP70 chaperones, acting as nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs), to remove ADP from their HSP70 chaperone partners during the ATP hydrolysis cycle. HSP70 chaperones assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Like HSP70 chaperones, HSP105/110s have an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD). For HSP70 chaperones, the nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 chaperone activity is also regulated by J-domain proteins.
Pssm-ID: 466844 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 383 Bit Score: 70.33 E-value: 7.41e-13
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 (HSPA4) and similar proteins; ...
81-365
1.25e-09
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 (HSPA4) and similar proteins; HSPA4, also called HSP70RY, , HS24/P52, hsp70 RY, and HSPH2, or heat shock 70-related protein APG-2, responds to acidic pH stress, is involved in the radioadaptive response, is required for normal spermatogenesis and is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. It participates in a pathway along with NBS1 (Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1, also known as p85 or nibrin), heat shock transcription factor 4b (HDF4b), and HSPA14 (belonging to a different HSP70 subfamily) that induces tumor migration, invasion, and transformation. HSPA4 expression in sperm was increased in men with oligozoospermia, especially in those with varicocele. HSPA4 belongs to the 105/110 kDa heat shock protein (HSP105/110) subfamily of the HSP70-like family. HSP105/110s are believed to function generally as co-chaperones of HSP70 chaperones, acting as nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs), to remove ADP from their HSP70 chaperone partners during the ATP hydrolysis cycle. HSP70 chaperones assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Like HSP70 chaperones, HSP105/110s have an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD). For HSP70 chaperones, the nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 chaperone activity is also regulated by J-domain proteins.
Pssm-ID: 466843 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 381 Bit Score: 60.34 E-value: 1.25e-09
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 105kDa/110kDa protein 1 (HSPH1) and similar ...
133-365
9.62e-08
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 105kDa/110kDa protein 1 (HSPH1) and similar proteins; HSPH1, also called heat shock protein 105 kDa, antigen NY-CO-25, heat shock 110 kDa protein, acts as a nucleotide-exchange factor (NEF) for chaperone proteins HSPA1A and HSPA1B, promoting the release of ADP from HSPA1A/B thereby triggering client/substrate protein release. It prevents the aggregation of denatured proteins in cells under severe stress, on which the ATP levels decrease markedly. It inhibits HSPA8/HSC70 ATPase and chaperone activities. HSPH1 belongs to the 105/110 kDa heat shock protein (HSP105/110) subfamily of the HSP70-like family. HSP105/110s are believed to function generally as co-chaperones of HSP70 chaperones, acting as nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs), to remove ADP from their HSP70 chaperone partners during the ATP hydrolysis cycle. HSP70 chaperones assist in protein folding and assembly, and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Like HSP70 chaperones, HSP105/110s have an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD). For HSP70 chaperones, the nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hsp70 chaperone activity is also regulated by J-domain proteins.
Pssm-ID: 466845 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 380 Bit Score: 54.48 E-value: 9.62e-08
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli plasmid segregation protein ParM and ...
190-366
5.26e-05
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Escherichia coli plasmid segregation protein ParM and similar proteins from ParM domain family; Type II plasmid partition systems utilize ParM NTPases in coordination with a centromere-binding protein called ParR to mediate accurate DNA segregation, a process critical for plasmid retention. The family corresponds to a group of uncharacterized proteins similar to Escherichia coli ParM, also called ParA locus 36 kDa protein, or protein StbA. It is a plasmid-encoded protein involved in the control of plasmid partition and required for accurate segregation of low-copy-number plasmid R1.
Pssm-ID: 466872 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 324 Bit Score: 45.73 E-value: 5.26e-05
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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