Oestrogen receptor;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802   42 VYLDSSKPAVYNYPEGAAYEFNAAAAANAQVYGQTGLPYGPGSEAaaFGSNGLGGFPPLNSVSPSPLMLLHPPPQLSPFL 121
Cdd:pfam02159   1 MYVESSKTAVYDYPEGATYDFAAAAAASAPVYGSSTLSYSPPSEA--FGSNSLGGFHSLNSVPPSPLVFLHPPPQLSPFL 78

                          90       100       110       120       130       140
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802  122 QPHGQQVPYYLENEPSGYTVREAGPPAFYRPNSDNRRQGGRERLASTNDKGSMAMESAKE 181
Cdd:pfam02159  79 HPPGQQVPYYLENEQSGYAVREAAPPAFYRPSSDNRRQSGRERLASTSDKGSLSMESAKE 138

Oestrogen-type nuclear receptor final C-terminal; This is the very C-terminal region of a subfamily of nuclear receptors that includes oestrogen receptors and other subfamily 3 group A members. The actual function of this region is not known, but the domain is absent from all the other types of nuclear receptors. Oestrogen receptors modulate AP-1-dependent transcription through two distinct mechanisms: via protein-protein interactions on DNA; and via non-genomic actions. The mechanism used depends on the cellular localization of the receptor. In addition to the more extensively studied cross-talk on DNA, additional non-genomic actions might be very important in target tissues in which membrane-associated ERs are found. These non-genomic actions probably contribute to the overall physiological responses mediated by ligand-bound ERs and might possibly be mediated via this C-terminal domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 170295802  552 PTSRGGASVEETDQSHLATAGSTSSHSLQKYYITGEAEGFPATV 595
Cdd:pfam12743   1 PANRGGAPMEEDNQSQLATTGSTSSHSLQTYYITGEAESFPSTV 44

Oestrogen receptor;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802   42 VYLDSSKPAVYNYPEGAAYEFNAAAAANAQVYGQTGLPYGPGSEAaaFGSNGLGGFPPLNSVSPSPLMLLHPPPQLSPFL 121
Cdd:pfam02159   1 MYVESSKTAVYDYPEGATYDFAAAAAASAPVYGSSTLSYSPPSEA--FGSNSLGGFHSLNSVPPSPLVFLHPPPQLSPFL 78

                          90       100       110       120       130       140
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802  122 QPHGQQVPYYLENEPSGYTVREAGPPAFYRPNSDNRRQGGRERLASTNDKGSMAMESAKE 181
Cdd:pfam02159  79 HPPGQQVPYYLENEQSGYAVREAAPPAFYRPSSDNRRQSGRERLASTSDKGSLSMESAKE 138

Zinc finger, C4 type (two domains); In nearly all cases, this is the DNA binding domain of a nuclear hormone receptor. The alignment contains two Zinc finger domains that are too dissimilar to be aligned with each other.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 170295802  184 YCAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMM 251
Cdd:pfam00105   1 LCKVCGDKASGYHYGVLTCEGCKGFFRRSIQKNIVYTCKFNKDCVIDKRNRNRCQYCRLKKCLEVGMS 68

Ligand binding domain of hormone receptors;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802   350 ADRELVHMINWAKRVPGFVDLTLHDQVHLLECAWLEILMIGLVWRSMEHPGKLLFAPNLLLDRN---QGKCVEGMVEIFD 426
Cdd:smart00430   1 AERQLLLTVEWAKSFPGFRELSLEDQIVLLKSFWFELLLLELAYRSVKLKKELLLAPDGTYIRPdavLELRKLFSPFLDR 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802   427 MLLATSSRFRMMNLQGEEFVCLKSIILLNSGVYTFLSSTLKSLEEkdhihrVLDKITDTLIHLMAKAGltLQQQHQRLAQ 506
Cdd:smart00430  81 ILSELVKPLRELKLDDEEYALLKAIVLFNPAVPGLSEEGKEIVEK------LQEKYANALHDYYLKNY--PMNYPGRFAK 152

                          170
                   ....*....|.
gi 170295802   507 LLLILSHIRHM 517
Cdd:smart00430 153 LLLILPELRKI 163

Oestrogen-type nuclear receptor final C-terminal; This is the very C-terminal region of a subfamily of nuclear receptors that includes oestrogen receptors and other subfamily 3 group A members. The actual function of this region is not known, but the domain is absent from all the other types of nuclear receptors. Oestrogen receptors modulate AP-1-dependent transcription through two distinct mechanisms: via protein-protein interactions on DNA; and via non-genomic actions. The mechanism used depends on the cellular localization of the receptor. In addition to the more extensively studied cross-talk on DNA, additional non-genomic actions might be very important in target tissues in which membrane-associated ERs are found. These non-genomic actions probably contribute to the overall physiological responses mediated by ligand-bound ERs and might possibly be mediated via this C-terminal domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 170295802  552 PTSRGGASVEETDQSHLATAGSTSSHSLQKYYITGEAEGFPATV 595
Cdd:pfam12743   1 PANRGGAPMEEDNQSQLATTGSTSSHSLQTYYITGEAESFPSTV 44

The ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor and estrogen receptor-related receptors; The ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs): Estrogen receptors are a group of receptors which are activated by the hormone estrogen. Estrogen regulates many physiological processes including reproduction, bone integrity, cardiovascular health, and behavior. The main mechanism of action of the estrogen receptor is as a transcription factor by binding to the estrogen response element of target genes upon activation by estrogen and then recruiting coactivator proteins which are responsible for the transcription of target genes. Additionally some ERs may associate with other membrane proteins and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ERRs are closely related to the estrogen receptor (ER) family. But, it lacks the ability to bind estrogen. ERRs can interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen signaling pathway, positively or negatively. ERRs share target genes, co-regulators and promoters with the estrogen receptor (ER) family. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ER and ERRs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 315 MVSALLDAEPPILYSEYDPTRPFSEASMMGLLTNLADRELVHMINWAKRVPGFVDLTLHDQVHLLECAWLEILMIGLVWR 394
Cdd:cd07068    1 LLSALLVAEPDKLYAMNDPTGPDTEVSLLATLSDLADRELVHIISWAKHIPGFSDLSLNDQMHLLQSAWLEILMLGLVWR 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 395 SMEHPGKLLFAPNLLLDRNQGKcVEGMVEIFDMLLATSSRFRMMNLQGEEFVCLKSIILLNSGVYTflsstlksLEEKDH 474
Cdd:cd07068   81 SLPHPGKLVFAPDLLLDREQAR-VEGLLEIFDMLLQLVRRFRELGLQREEYVCLKAIILANSDVRH--------LEDREA 151

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 170295802 475 IHRVLDKITDTLIHLMAKAGLTlqQQHQRLAQLLLILSHIRHMSNKGMEHLYSMKCKNVVPLYDLLLEMLDA 546
Cdd:cd07068  152 VQQLRDAILDALVDVEAKRHGS--QQPRRLAQLLLLLPHLRQASNKGVRHLYSVKCEGKVPMYKLFLEMLEA 221

DNA-binding domain of estrogen receptors (ER) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of estrogen receptors (ER) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. ER interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Estrogen receptor is a transcription regulator that mediates the biological effects of hormone estrogen. The binding of estrogen to the receptor triggers the dimerization and the binding of the receptor dimer to estrogen response element, which is a palindromic inverted repeat: 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', of target genes. Through ER, estrogen regulates development, reproduction and homeostasis. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ER has a central well-conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 180 KETRYCAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRKDR 259
Cdd:cd07171    1 KDTHFCAVCSDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYICPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRRER 80

                 ..
gi 170295802 260 RG 261
Cdd:cd07171   81 RG 82

DNA-binding domain of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen related receptors (ERR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domains of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen related receptors (ERR) are composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. ER and ERR interact with the palindromic inverted repeat, 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. ERR and ER are closely related and share sequence similarity, target genes, co-regulators and promoters. While ER is activated by endogenous estrogen, ERR lacks the ability to bind to estrogen. Estrogen receptor mediates the biological effects of hormone estrogen by the binding of the receptor dimer to estrogen response element of target genes. However, ERRs seem to interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen responsive signaling by targeting the same set of genes. ERRs and ERs exhibit the common modular structure with other nuclear receptors. They have a central highly conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a non-conserved N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 170295802 185 CAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRKDR 259
Cdd:cd07155    1 CLVCGDIASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGNLGYSCPSTSECEVDKKRRKSCQACRLQKCLKVGMLKEGVRLDR 75

DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. It interacts with a specific DNA site upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism in animals (metazoans). The family contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). Most nuclear receptors bind as homodimers or heterodimers to their target sites, which consist of two hexameric half-sites. Specificity is determined by the half-site sequence, the relative orientation of the half-sites and the number of spacer nucleotides between the half-sites. However, a growing number of nuclear receptors have been reported to bind to DNA as monomers.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 170295802 185 CAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIR 256
Cdd:cd06916    1 CAVCGDKASGYHYGVLTCEGCKGFFRRSVRRNLEYTCPAGGNCVIDKRNRNRCQACRLKKCLAVGMRKEAVR 72

DNA-binding domain of estrogen related receptors (ERR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of estrogen related receptors (ERRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. ERR interacts with the palindromic inverted repeat, 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. The estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) are transcriptional regulators, which are closely related to the estrogen receptor (ER) family. Although ERRs lack the ability to bind to estrogen and are so-called orphan receptors, they share target genes, co-regulators and promoters with the estrogen receptor (ER) family. By targeting the same set of genes, ERRs seem to interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen response in various ways. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ERR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 183 RYCAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRKDR-RG 261
Cdd:cd07170    5 RLCLVCGDIASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGNIEYSCPATNECEITKRRRKSCQACRFMKCLKVGMLKEGVRLDRvRG 84

                         90
                 ....*....|.
gi 170295802 262 GRMlKHKRQRD 272
Cdd:cd07170   85 GRQ-KYKRRID 94

c4 zinc finger in nuclear hormone receptors;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 170295802   185 CAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMK 252
Cdd:smart00399   2 CCVCGDHASGFHFGVCSCRACKAFFRRTVNLRYKYRCDRKNNCSINKRYRCRCRACRLKKCLGVGMDP 69

DNA-binding domain of heptocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. HNF4 interacts with a DNA site, composed of two direct repeats of AGTTCA with 1 bp spacer, which is upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. HNF4 is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. HNF4 plays a key role in establishing and maintenance of hepatocyte differentiation in the liver. It is also expressed in gut, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells. HNF4 was originally classified as an orphan receptor, but later it is found that HNF4 binds with very high affinity to a variety of fatty acids. However, unlike other nuclear receptors, the ligands do not act as a molecular switch for HNF4. They seem to constantly bind to the receptor, which is constitutively active as a transcription activator. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, HNF4 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 170295802 185 CAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRKDR 259
Cdd:cd06960    1 CAVCGDRATGKHYGVLSCNGCKGFFRRSVRKNRTYTCRFGGNCVVDKDKRNACRYCRFKKCLEVGMDPEAVQNER 75

DNA-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. RAR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. RARs mediate the biological effect of retinoids, including both natural dietary vitamin A (retinol) metabolites and active synthetic analogs. Retinoids play key roles in a wide variety of essential biological processes, such as vertebrate embryonic morphogenesis and organogenesis, differentiation and apoptosis, and homeostasis. RAR function as a heterodimer with retinoic X receptor by binding to specific RAR response elements (RAREs), which are composed of two direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pair and found in the promoter regions of retinoid target genes. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 182 TRYCAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRKDRRG 261
Cdd:cd06964    4 YKPCFVCQDKSSGYHYGVSACEGCKGFFRRSIQKNMVYTCHRDKNCIINKVTRNRCQYCRLQKCFEVGMSKESVRNDRNK 83

                 ..
gi 170295802 262 GR 263
Cdd:cd06964   84 KK 85

The ligand binding domain of the retinoid X receptor and Ultraspiracle, members of nuclear receptor superfamily; The ligand binding domain of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and Ultraspiracle (USP): This family includes two evolutionary related nuclear receptors: retinoid X receptor (RXR) and Ultraspiracle (USP). RXR is a nuclear receptor in mammalian and USP is its counterpart in invertebrates. The native ligand of retinoid X receptor is 9-cis retinoic acid (RA). RXR functions as a DNA binding partner by forming heterodimers with other nuclear receptors including CAR, FXR, LXR, PPAR, PXR, RAR, TR, and VDR. RXRs can play different roles in these heterodimers. It acts either as a structural component of the heterodimer complex, required for DNA binding but not acting as a receptor or as both a structural and a functional component of the heterodimer, allowing 9-cis RA to signal through the corresponding heterodimer. In addition, RXR can also form homodimers, functioning as a receptor for 9-cis RA, independently of other nuclear receptors. Ultraspiracle (USP) plays similar roles as DNA binding partner of other nuclear rec eptors in invertebrates. USP has no known high-affinity ligand and is thought to be a silent component in the heterodimeric complex with partner receptors. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, RXR and USP have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 316 VSALLDAEppILYSEYDPTRPFSEASMMGLLTNL---ADRELVHMINWAKRVPGFVDLTLHDQVHLLECAWLEILMIGLV 392
Cdd:cd06943    4 IERILEAE--LAVEPKSEAVAMVPPEYRDPVSNIcqaADKQLFQLVEWAKRIPHFSELPLDDQVILLRAGWNELLIAAFA 81

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 393 WRSMEHPGKLLFAPNLLLDRNQGKCVeGMVEIFDMLLAT-SSRFRMMNLQGEEFVCLKSIILLNSGVytflsstlKSLEE 471
Cdd:cd06943   82 HRSIAVKDGILLATGLHLHRNSAHQA-GVGAIFDRILTElVVKMRDLKMDRTELGCLRAIILFNPDV--------KGLKS 152

                        170       180       190       200       210
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 170295802 472 KDHIHRVLDKITDTlihLMAKAGLTLQQQHQRLAQLLLILSHIRHMSNKGMEHLYSMK 529
Cdd:cd06943  153 RQEVESLREKVYAS---LEEYCRQKHPEQPGRFAKLLLRLPALRSIGLKCLEHLFFFK 207

DNA-binding domain of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B; DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B (NGFI-B) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NGFI-B interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B is a member of the nuclear-steroid receptor superfamily. NGFI-B is classified as an orphan receptor because no ligand has yet been identified. NGFI-B is an early immediate gene product of embryo development that is rapidly produced in response to a variety of cellular signals including nerve growth factor. It is involved in T-cell-mediated apoptosis, as well as neuronal differentiation and function. NGFI-B regulates transcription by binding to a specific DNA target upstream of its target genes and regulating the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B binds to the NGFI-B response element (NBRE) 5'-(A/T)AAAGGTCA as a monomer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, NGFI-B has a central well-conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 170295802 185 CAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIR 256
Cdd:cd06969    3 CAVCGDNAACQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKNAKYVCLANKNCPVDKRRRNRCQYCRFQKCLQVGMVKEVVR 74

DNA-binding domain of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domains of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and progesterone receptor (PR) are composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinate a single zinc atom. The DBD from both receptors interact with the same hormone response element (HRE), which is an imperfect palindrome GGTACAnnnTGTTCT, upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. GR is a transcriptional regulator that mediates the biological effects of glucocorticoids and PR regulates genes controlled by progesterone. GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling a wide variety of processes including the development, metabolism, and immune response of the organism. PR functions in a variety of biological processes including development of the mammary gland, regulating cell cycle progression, protein processing, and metabolism. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GR and PR have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 170295802 183 RYCAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGG 254
Cdd:cd07172    3 KICLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRLRKCLQAGMNLGA 74

DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) like proteins is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) like proteins is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. PNR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. PNR is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily of the ligand-activated transcription factors. PNR is expressed only in the outer layer of retinal photoreceptor cells. It may be involved in the signaling pathway regulating photoreceptor differentiation and/or maintenance. It most likely binds to DNA as a homodimer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PNR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 170295802 185 CAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRKDR 259
Cdd:cd07164    1 CRVCGDRASGKHYGVPSCDGCRGFFKRSIRRNLAYVCKENGSCVVDVARRNQCQACRFKKCLQVNMNRDAVQHER 75

DNA-binding domain of androgen receptor (AR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of androgen receptor (AR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. To regulate gene expression, AR interacts with a palindrome of the core sequence 5'-TGTTCT-3' with a 3-bp spacer. It also binds to the direct repeat 5'-TGTTCT-3' hexamer in some androgen controlled genes. AR is activated by the androgenic hormones, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, which are responsible for primary and for secondary male characteristics, respectively. The primary mechanism of action of ARs is by direct regulation of gene transcription. The binding of androgen results in a conformational change in the androgen receptor which causes its transport from the cytosol into the cell nucleus, and dimerization. The receptor dimer binds to a hormone response element of AR regulated genes and modulates their expression. Another mode of action of androgen receptor is independent of their interactions with DNA. The receptor interacts directly with signal transduction proteins in the cytoplasm, causing rapid changes in cell function, such as ion transport. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, AR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 181 ETRYCAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGiRKDRR 260
Cdd:cd07173    2 PQKTCLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRNDCTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCFEAGMTLGA-RKLKK 80

                 ..
gi 170295802 261 GG 262
Cdd:cd07173   81 LG 82

The DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) nuclear receptor-like family; The DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) nuclear receptor-like family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. PNR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes nuclear receptor Tailless (TLX), photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) and related receptors. TLX is an orphan receptor that plays a key role in neural development by regulating cell cycle progression and exit of neural stem cells in the developing brain. PNR is expressed only in the outer layer of retinal photoreceptor cells. It may be involved in the signaling pathway regulating photoreceptor differentiation and/or maintenance. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PNR-like receptors have a central well-conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 170295802 185 CAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATN-QCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIR 256
Cdd:cd07154    1 CKVCGDRSSGKHYGVYACDGCSGFFKRSIRRNLLYTCKAGNgSCVVDKARRNQCQACRLKKCLEVSMNKDAVQ 73

Ligand binding domain of the progesterone receptor, a member of the nuclear hormone receptor; The ligand binding domain of the progesterone receptor (PR): PR is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcription factors, mediating the biological actions of progesterone. PR functions in a variety of biological processes including development of the mammary gland, regulating cell cycle progression, protein processing, and metabolism. When no binding hormone is present the carboxyl terminal inhibits transcription. Binding to a hormone induces a structural change that removes the inhibitory action. After progesterone binds to the receptor, PR forms a dimer and the complex enters the nucleus where it interacts with the hormone response element (HRE) in the promoters of progesterone responsive genes and alters their transcription. In addition, rapid actions of PR that occur independent of transcription, have also been observed in several tissues like brain, liver, mammary gland and spermatozoa. There are two natural PR isoforms called PR-A and PR-B. PR-B has an additional stretc h of 164 amino acids at the N terminus. The extra domain in PR-B performs activation functions by recruiting coactivators that could not be recruited by PR-A. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). The LBD is not only involved in binding to progesterone, but also involved in coactivator binding and dimerization.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 314 QMVSALLDAEPPILYSEYDPTRPFSEASMMGLLTNLADRELVHMINWAKRVPGFVDLTLHDQVHLLECAWLEILMIGLVW 393
Cdd:cd07074    1 PLINLLMSIEPDVVYAGYDNTKPETPSSLLTSLNQLCERQLLSVVKWSKSLPGFRNLHIDDQITLIQYSWMSLMVFGLGW 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 394 RSMEH--PGKLLFAPNLLLDRNQGKcvegMVEIFDMLLAT---SSRFRMMNLQGEEFVCLKSIILLNsgvyTFLSSTLKS 468
Cdd:cd07074   81 RSYKHvsGQMLYFAPDLILNEQRMK----ESSFYSLCLTMwqiPQEFVKLQVSQEEFLCMKALLLLN----TIPLEGLRS 152

                        170       180       190       200       210       220
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 170295802 469 LEEkdhihrvLDKITDTLIHLMAKAgLTLQQQ-----HQRLAQLLLILSHIRHMSNKgmEHLYSM 528
Cdd:cd07074  153 QTQ-------FDEMRSSYIRELIKA-IGLRQKgvvasSQRFYQLTKLMDNMHDLVKQ--LHLYCL 207

DNA-binding domain of Retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. ROR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. RORS are key regulators of many physiological processes during embryonic development. RORs bind as monomers to specific ROR response elements (ROREs) consisting of the consensus core motif AGGTCA preceded by a 5-bp A/T-rich sequence. There are three subtypes of retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs), alpha, beta, and gamma, which differ only in N-terminal sequence and are distributed in distinct tissues. RORalpha plays a key role in the development of the cerebellum particularly in the regulation of the maturation and survival of Purkinje cells. RORbeta expression is largely restricted to several regions of the brain, the retina, and pineal gland. RORgamma is essential for lymph node organogenesis. Recently, it has been suggested that cholesterol or a cholesterol derivative are the natural ligands of RORalpha. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, retinoid-related orphan receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 185 CAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRKdrrgGRM 264
Cdd:cd06968    8 CKICGDKSSGIHYGVITCEGCKGFFRRSQQNNVSYSCPRQKNCLIDRTNRNRCQHCRLQKCLALGMSRDAVKF----GRM 83

                         90
                 ....*....|.
gi 170295802 265 LKHKRQRDDGE 275
Cdd:cd06968   84 SKKQRDSLYAE 94

Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor; This all helical domain is involved in binding the hormone in these receptors.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802  336 PFSEASMMGLLTNLADRELVHMINWAKRVPGFVDLTLHDQVHLLECAWLEILMIGLVWRSMEHPGKLLFAPNLLLDRNQG 415
Cdd:pfam00104   6 KKLRKATKEELCELWERDLLLVAEWAKHFPEFQELPLEDQMALLKSFWLEWLRLEKAARSAKLRRKKILGEDVLMISDDD 85

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802  416 --KCVEGMVEIFDM----------------LLATSSRFRMMNLQGEEFVCLKSIILLNSGvytflsstLKSLEEK--DHI 475
Cdd:pfam00104  86 amKFVEDDSSWCTNydleqllfflpffnsyFFELVKPLRELNPDDEELAYLLAQLLFDYA--------GDGLSGEilEIV 157

                         170       180       190       200
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 170295802  476 HRVLDKITDTLiHlmakaGLTLQQQHQRLAQLLLILSHIRHMS 518
Cdd:pfam00104 158 EKLQEKLANEL-H-----DYYVNKYSGRLAKLLKILPSLRKIS 194

The DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. EcR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes three types of nuclear receptors: Ecdysone receptor (EcR), Liver X receptor (LXR) and Farnesoid X receptor (FXR). The DNA binding activity is regulated by their corresponding ligands. The ligands for EcR are ecdysteroids; LXR is regulated by oxidized cholesterol derivatives or oxysterols; and bile acids control FXR's activities. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, EcR-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 170295802 185 CAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGM 250
Cdd:cd06959    2 CVVCGDKASGFHYGVLSCEGCKGFFRRSVTKGAVYACKFGNKCEMDMYMRRKCQECRLRKCKAAGM 67

Ligand binding domain of nuclear hormone receptors:glucocorticoid receptor, mineralocorticoid receptor , progesterone receptor, and androgen receptor; The ligand binding domain of GR_like nuclear receptors: This family of NRs includes four distinct, but closely related nuclear hormone receptors: glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR). These four receptors play key roles in some of the most fundamental physiological functions such as the stress response, metabolism, electrolyte homeostasis, immune function, growth, development, and reproduction. The NRs in this family use multiple signaling pathways and share similar functional mechanisms. The dominant signaling pathway is via direct DNA binding and transcriptional regulation of target genes. Another mechanism is via protein-protein interactions, mainly with other transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1, to regulate gene expression patterns. Both pathways can up-regulate or down-regulate gene expression and require ligand activation of the receptor and recruitment of other cofactors such as chaperone proteins and coregulator proteins. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GR, MR, PR, and AR share the same modular structure with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 314 QMVSALLDAEPPILYSEYDPTRPFSEASMMGLLTNLADRELVHMINWAKRVPGFVDLTLHDQVHLLECAWLEILMIGLVW 393
Cdd:cd06947    1 SLLSVLEAIEPEVVYAGYDNSQPDTTARLLSSLNRLGERQLVSVVKWAKALPGFRNLHLDDQMTLIQYSWMSLMVFALGW 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 170295802 394 RSMEH--PGKLLFAPNLLLDRNQGKcVEGMVEIFDMLLATSSRFRMMNLQGEEFVCLKSIILLNS 456
Cdd:cd06947   81 RSYKHvnSQMLYFAPDLVFNEQRMH-QSAMYSLCLGMRQISQEFVRLQVTYEEFLCMKVLLLLST 144

DNA-binding domain of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain (DBD) of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. CAR DBD interacts with CAR response element, a perfect repeat of two AGTTCA motifs with a 4 bp spacer upstream of the target gene, and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that responds to a diverse array of chemically distinct ligands, including many endogenous compounds and clinical drugs. It functions as a heterodimer with RXR. The CAR/RXR heterodimer binds many common response elements in the promoter regions of a diverse set of target genes involved in the metabolism, transport, and ultimately, elimination of these molecules from the body. CAR is a closest mammalian relative of PXR and is activated by some of the same ligands as PXR and regulates a subset of common genes. The sequence homology and functional similarity suggests that the CAR gene arose from a duplication of an ancestral PXR gene. Like other nuclear receptors, CAR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain, a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 183 RYCAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRkdRRGG 262
Cdd:cd06966    1 KICGVCGDKALGYNFNAITCESCKAFFRRNALKNKEFKCPFNESCEINVVTRRFCQKCRLDKCFAIGMKKEWIM--SEED 78

                 ....*..
gi 170295802 263 RMLKHKR 269
Cdd:cd06966   79 KSEKRQK 85

DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. PPAR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARs play important roles in regulating cellular differentiation, development and lipid metabolism. Activated PPAR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that binds to the hormone response elements, which are composed of two direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pair located upstream of the peroxisome proliferator responsive genes, and interacts with co-activators. Several essential fatty acids, oxidized lipids and prostaglandin J derivatives can bind and activate PPAR. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PPAR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal regulatory domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 185 CAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMcPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRKdrrgGRM 264
Cdd:cd06965    2 CRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLVYK-PCDLSCKIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLNVGMSHNAIRF----GRM 76

                 ....*..
gi 170295802 265 LKHKRQR 271
Cdd:cd06965   77 PRVEKEK 83

DNA-binding domain of REV-ERB receptor-like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of REV-ERB receptor- like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. REV-ERB receptors are transcriptional regulators belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. They regulate a number of physiological functions including the circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism, and cellular differentiation. REV-ERB receptors bind as a monomer to a (A/G)GGTCA half-site with a 5' AT-rich extension or as a homodimer to a direct repeat 2 element (AGGTCA sequence with a 2-bp spacer), indicating functional diversity. When bound to the DNA, they recruit corepressors (NcoR/histone deacetylase 3) to the promoter, resulting in repression of the target genes. The porphyrin heme has been demonstrated to function as a ligand for REV-ERB receptor. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, REV-ERB receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 170295802 185 CAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDY-MCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRKdrrgGR 263
Cdd:cd07166    6 CKVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRSIQQKIQYrKCTKNETCSIMRINRNRCQYCRFKKCLAVGMSRDAVRF----GR 81