Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Epsin family; Members of the epsin family play an important role as accessory proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. They are important factors in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) generation. They contribute to membrane deformation and play a key function as adaptor proteins, coupling various components of clathrin-mediated uptake. They also have an important role in selecting and recognizing cargo. Three isoforms have been identified in mammals, epsin-1 to -3, and these are conserved in vertebrates. Epsin-1 is highly enriched and represents the dominant isoform in the brain. It is required for proper synaptic vesicle retrieval and modulates the endocytic capacity of synaptic vesicles. Epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of CCVs. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 31377575  16 DAEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLDISDLTFNTISLSEIMNMLWHRLNDHGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCRE 95
Cdd:cd16990   1 EAEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMSEIADLTYNVVAFSEIMSMIWKRLNDHGKNWRHVYKALTLLEYLIKTGSERVAQQCKE 80

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 31377575  96 GFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMDEPLLCK 139
Cdd:cd16990  81 NIFAIQTLKDFQYIDRDGKDQGVNVREKAKQLVSLLKDDERLKN 124

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Epsin family; Members of the epsin family play an important role as accessory proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. They are important factors in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) generation. They contribute to membrane deformation and play a key function as adaptor proteins, coupling various components of clathrin-mediated uptake. They also have an important role in selecting and recognizing cargo. Three isoforms have been identified in mammals, epsin-1 to -3, and these are conserved in vertebrates. Epsin-1 is highly enriched and represents the dominant isoform in the brain. It is required for proper synaptic vesicle retrieval and modulates the endocytic capacity of synaptic vesicles. Epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of CCVs. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 31377575  16 DAEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLDISDLTFNTISLSEIMNMLWHRLNDHGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCRE 95
Cdd:cd16990   1 EAEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMSEIADLTYNVVAFSEIMSMIWKRLNDHGKNWRHVYKALTLLEYLIKTGSERVAQQCKE 80

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 31377575  96 GFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMDEPLLCK 139
Cdd:cd16990  81 NIFAIQTLKDFQYIDRDGKDQGVNVREKAKQLVSLLKDDERLKN 124

Epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 31377575     15 SDAEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLDISDLTFNTIS-LSEIMNMLWHRLNDHGkNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHC 93
Cdd:smart00273   1 SDLEVKVRKATNNDEWGPKGKHLREIIQGTHNEKSsFAEIMAVLWRRLNDTK-NWRVVYKALILLHYLLRNGSPRVILEA 79

                           90       100       110       120
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 31377575     94 REGFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMDEPLLCKER 141
Cdd:smart00273  80 LRNRNRILNLSDFQDIDSRGKDQGANIRTYAKYLLERLEDDRRLKEER 127

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Epsin family; Members of the epsin family play an important role as accessory proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. They are important factors in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) generation. They contribute to membrane deformation and play a key function as adaptor proteins, coupling various components of clathrin-mediated uptake. They also have an important role in selecting and recognizing cargo. Three isoforms have been identified in mammals, epsin-1 to -3, and these are conserved in vertebrates. Epsin-1 is highly enriched and represents the dominant isoform in the brain. It is required for proper synaptic vesicle retrieval and modulates the endocytic capacity of synaptic vesicles. Epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of CCVs. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 31377575  16 DAEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLDISDLTFNTISLSEIMNMLWHRLNDHGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCRE 95
Cdd:cd16990   1 EAEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMSEIADLTYNVVAFSEIMSMIWKRLNDHGKNWRHVYKALTLLEYLIKTGSERVAQQCKE 80

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 31377575  96 GFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMDEPLLCK 139
Cdd:cd16990  81 NIFAIQTLKDFQYIDRDGKDQGVNVREKAKQLVSLLKDDERLKN 124

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Yeast Ent1, Ent2, and similar proteins; This subfamily is composed of the two orthologs of epsin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Epsin-1 (Ent1 or Ent1p) and Epsin-2 (Ent2 or Ent2p), and similar proteins. Yeast single epsin knockouts, either Ent1 and Ent2, are viable while the double knockout is not. Yeast epsins are required for endocytosis and localization of actin. Ent2 also plays a signaling role during cell division. The ENTH domain of Ent2 interacts with the septin organizing, Cdc42 GTPase activating protein, Bem3, leading to increased cytokinesis failure when overexpressed. Yeast epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 31377575  14 YSDAEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLDISDLTFNTISLSEIMNMLWHRLNDHGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHC 93
Cdd:cd16991   2 YSSTQVKVRNATSNDPWGPSGDEMAEIAELTYDQHDFVEIMDMLDKRLNDKGKNWRHVAKALTVLDYLLHFGSENVVLWA 81

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 31377575  94 REGFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMDEPLLCKER 141
Cdd:cd16991  82 KENIYIIKTLREFQYIDDEGKDQGQNVRVKAKELTSLLLDDERLREER 129

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Epsin-related protein; Epsin-related protein (EpsinR) is also called clathrin interactor 1 (Clint), enthoprotin, or epsin-4. It is a clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) protein that binds to membranes enriched in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), clathrin, and the gamma appendage domain of the adaptor protein complex 1 (AP1). It contains an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. The ENTH domain of human epsinR binds directly to the helical bundle domain of the mouse SNARE Vti1b; soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are type II transmembrane proteins that have critical roles in providing the specificity and energy for transport-vesicle fusion. Specific ENTH domains may also function as protein cargo selection/recognition modules. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 31377575  17 AEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLDISDLTFNTISLSEIMNMLWHR-LNDHGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCRE 95
Cdd:cd16989   1 IESKVREATNDDPWGPTGQLMQEIARYTFTYEQFPEVMNMLWKRmLKDNKKNWRRVYKSLLLLDYLLKNGSERVVTSARE 80

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 31377575  96 GFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMDEPLLCKEREVA 144
Cdd:cd16989  81 HIYDLRSLENYHFIDEKGKDQGINVRQKVKEIIELLQDDERLREERKKA 129

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Yeast Ent3 and similar proteins; This subfamily is composed of one of two epsinR orthologs present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Epsin-3 (Ent3 or Ent3p), and similar proteins. Ent3 is an adaptor proteins at the Trans-Golgi Network (TGN); it cooperates with yeast SNARE Vti1p to regulate transport from the TGN to the prevacuolar endosome. Ent3 facilitates the interaction between Gga2p with both the endosomal syntaxin Pep12p and clathrin in the GGA-dependent transport to the late endosome. Yeast epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. Similar to mammalian epsinR, The ENTH domain of Ent3 binds to the yeast SNARE Vti1p; soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are type II transmembrane proteins that have critical roles in providing the specificity and energy for transport-vesicle fusion. Specific ENTH domains may also function as protein cargo selection/recognition modules. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 31377575  18 EIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLDISDLTFNTISLSEIMNMLWHRLND-HGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCREG 96
Cdd:cd16992   2 ESKVREATNNDPWGASSTLMQEIAQGTYNYQQFNEIMPMIYKRFTEkAGSEWRQIYKALQLLEYLIKNGSERVVDDARGH 81

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 31377575  97 FCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMD 133
Cdd:cd16992  82 LTLIKMLRSFHYIDDKGKDQGINVRNRAKELIELLSD 118

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Yeast Ent4 and similar proteins; Yeast Epsin-4 (Ent4 or Ent4p) has been reported to be involved in the Trans-Golgi Network (TGN)-to-vacuole sorting of Arn1p, a transporter for the uptake of ferrichrome, an important nutritional source of iron. Yeast epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 31377575  17 AEIKVREAT-SNDPWGPSSSLMLDISDLTFNTISLSEIMNMLWHRLNDHG-----KNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVI 90
Cdd:cd16994   1 TELKVKQATdDNETSGATGTLMNEISVLTYSPKTLKEITQVLKKRLSGNSkksshKNCVHILKTLTLISYLINNGSNEFI 80

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 31377575  91 QHCREGFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMDEPL 136
Cdd:cd16994  81 AWLRSNLYLIERLKDFEVQDNRDLPMANQIRSLSQDICELINDDEL 126

VHS (Vps27/Hrs/STAM) domain family; The VHS domain is present in Vps27 (Vacuolar Protein Sorting), Hrs (Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate) and STAM (Signal Transducing Adaptor Molecule). It has a superhelical structure similar to that of the ARM (Armadillo) repeats and is present at the N-termini of proteins involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. There are four general groups of VHS domain containing proteins based on their association with other domains. The first group consists of proteins of the STAM/EAST/Hbp family, which has the domain composition of VHS-SH3-ITAM. The second consists of proteins with a FYVE domain C-terminal to VHS. The third consists of GGA proteins with a domain composition of VHS-GAT (GGA and TOM)-GAE (Gamma-Adaptin Ear) domain. The fourth consists of proteins with a VHS domain alone or with domains other than those mentioned above. In GGA proteins, VHS domains are involved in cargo recognition in trans-Golgi, thereby having a general membrane targeting/cargo recognition role in vesicular trafficking.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 31377575  21 VREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLDISDLTF-NTISLSEIMNMLWHRLNDhgKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQH-CREGFC 98
Cdd:cd03561   5 VEKATSESLTEPDWALNLEICDLVNsDPAQAKDAVRALRKRLQS--KNPKVQLLALTLLETLVKNCGAPFHSEvASRDFL 82

                .
gi 31377575  99 N 99
Cdd:cd03561  83 Q 83