VHS, ENTH and ANTH domain superfamily; This superfamily is composed of proteins containing a VHS, CID, ENTH, or ANTH domain. The VHS domain is present in Vps27 (Vacuolar Protein Sorting), Hrs (Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate) and STAM (Signal Transducing Adaptor Molecule). It is located at the N-termini of proteins involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. The CTD-Interacting Domain (CID) is present in several RNA-processing factors and binds tightly to the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II or Pol II). The epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain is an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. A set of proteins previously designated as harboring an ENTH domain in fact contains a highly similar, yet unique module referred to as an AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH) domain. VHS, ENTH, and ANTH domains are structurally similar and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH) domains bind both inositol phospholipids and proteins and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. E/ANTH domain-bearing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 578836966   1 MNMLWHRLNDHGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCREGFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMD 80
Cdd:cd16990   39 MSMIWKRLNDHGKNWRHVYKALTLLEYLIKTGSERVAQQCKENIFAIQTLKDFQYIDRDGKDQGVNVREKAKQLVSLLKD 118

                 ....*.
gi 578836966  81 EPLLCK 86
Cdd:cd16990  119 DERLKN 124

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Epsin family; Members of the epsin family play an important role as accessory proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. They are important factors in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) generation. They contribute to membrane deformation and play a key function as adaptor proteins, coupling various components of clathrin-mediated uptake. They also have an important role in selecting and recognizing cargo. Three isoforms have been identified in mammals, epsin-1 to -3, and these are conserved in vertebrates. Epsin-1 is highly enriched and represents the dominant isoform in the brain. It is required for proper synaptic vesicle retrieval and modulates the endocytic capacity of synaptic vesicles. Epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of CCVs. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 578836966   1 MNMLWHRLNDHGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCREGFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMD 80
Cdd:cd16990   39 MSMIWKRLNDHGKNWRHVYKALTLLEYLIKTGSERVAQQCKENIFAIQTLKDFQYIDRDGKDQGVNVREKAKQLVSLLKD 118

                 ....*.
gi 578836966  81 EPLLCK 86
Cdd:cd16990  119 DERLKN 124

Epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 578836966     1 MNMLWHRLNDHGkNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCREGFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMD 80
Cdd:smart00273  41 MAVLWRRLNDTK-NWRVVYKALILLHYLLRNGSPRVILEALRNRNRILNLSDFQDIDSRGKDQGANIRTYAKYLLERLED 119

                   ....*...
gi 578836966    81 EPLLCKER 88
Cdd:smart00273 120 DRRLKEER 127

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Epsin family; Members of the epsin family play an important role as accessory proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. They are important factors in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) generation. They contribute to membrane deformation and play a key function as adaptor proteins, coupling various components of clathrin-mediated uptake. They also have an important role in selecting and recognizing cargo. Three isoforms have been identified in mammals, epsin-1 to -3, and these are conserved in vertebrates. Epsin-1 is highly enriched and represents the dominant isoform in the brain. It is required for proper synaptic vesicle retrieval and modulates the endocytic capacity of synaptic vesicles. Epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of CCVs. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 578836966   1 MNMLWHRLNDHGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCREGFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMD 80
Cdd:cd16990   39 MSMIWKRLNDHGKNWRHVYKALTLLEYLIKTGSERVAQQCKENIFAIQTLKDFQYIDRDGKDQGVNVREKAKQLVSLLKD 118

                 ....*.
gi 578836966  81 EPLLCK 86
Cdd:cd16990  119 DERLKN 124

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Yeast Ent1, Ent2, and similar proteins; This subfamily is composed of the two orthologs of epsin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Epsin-1 (Ent1 or Ent1p) and Epsin-2 (Ent2 or Ent2p), and similar proteins. Yeast single epsin knockouts, either Ent1 and Ent2, are viable while the double knockout is not. Yeast epsins are required for endocytosis and localization of actin. Ent2 also plays a signaling role during cell division. The ENTH domain of Ent2 interacts with the septin organizing, Cdc42 GTPase activating protein, Bem3, leading to increased cytokinesis failure when overexpressed. Yeast epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 578836966   1 MNMLWHRLNDHGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCREGFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMD 80
Cdd:cd16991   42 MDMLDKRLNDKGKNWRHVAKALTVLDYLLHFGSENVVLWAKENIYIIKTLREFQYIDDEGKDQGQNVRVKAKELTSLLLD 121

                 ....*...
gi 578836966  81 EPLLCKER 88
Cdd:cd16991  122 DERLREER 129

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain family; The Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain is an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, contributing to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 578836966   1 MNMLWHRLNDHGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCREGFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMD 80
Cdd:cd03571   38 MKVLWKRLNDKGKNWRHVYKALTLLEYLLKNGSERVVDEFRDNLYLIRTLQDFQYVDENGDDQGINVREKAKQIVALLED 117

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Yeast Ent3 and similar proteins; This subfamily is composed of one of two epsinR orthologs present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Epsin-3 (Ent3 or Ent3p), and similar proteins. Ent3 is an adaptor proteins at the Trans-Golgi Network (TGN); it cooperates with yeast SNARE Vti1p to regulate transport from the TGN to the prevacuolar endosome. Ent3 facilitates the interaction between Gga2p with both the endosomal syntaxin Pep12p and clathrin in the GGA-dependent transport to the late endosome. Yeast epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. Similar to mammalian epsinR, The ENTH domain of Ent3 binds to the yeast SNARE Vti1p; soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are type II transmembrane proteins that have critical roles in providing the specificity and energy for transport-vesicle fusion. Specific ENTH domains may also function as protein cargo selection/recognition modules. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 578836966   1 MNMLWHRLND-HGKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCREGFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLM 79
Cdd:cd16992   38 MPMIYKRFTEkAGSEWRQIYKALQLLEYLIKNGSERVVDDARGHLTLIKMLRSFHYIDDKGKDQGINVRNRAKELIELLS 117

                 .
gi 578836966  80 D 80
Cdd:cd16992  118 D 118

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Yeast Ent4 and similar proteins; Yeast Epsin-4 (Ent4 or Ent4p) has been reported to be involved in the Trans-Golgi Network (TGN)-to-vacuole sorting of Arn1p, a transporter for the uptake of ferrichrome, an important nutritional source of iron. Yeast epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 578836966   7 RLNDHgKNWRHVYKSLTLMDYLIKNGSKKVIQHCREGFCNLQTLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGYYIREKSKQVITLLMDEPL 83
Cdd:cd16994   51 KKSSH-KNCVHILKTLTLISYLINNGSNEFIAWLRSNLYLIERLKDFEVQDNRDLPMANQIRSLSQDICELINDDEL 126