C2 domains found in Dedicator Of CytoKinesis (Dock) class C proteins; Dock-C is one of 4 classes of Dock family proteins. The members here include: Dock6/Zir1, Dock7/Zir2, and Dock8/Zir3. Dock-C members are GEFs for both Rac and Cdc42. In addition to the C2 domain (AKA Dock homology region (DHR)-1, CED-5, Dock180, MBC-zizimin homology (CZH) 1) and the DHR-2 (AKA CZH2, or Docker), which all Dock180-related proteins have, Dock-C members contain a functionally uncharacterized domain upstream of the C2 domain. DHR-2 has the catalytic activity for Rac and/or Cdc42, but is structurally unrelated to the DH domain. The C2/DHR-1 domains of Dock180 and Dock4 have been shown to bind phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481  545 YRNLLFVYPHSLNFSSRQGSVRNLAVRIQYMAGEDQSQALPVIFGKSSCSEFTREAFTPVVYHNKSPEFYEEFKLRLPAC 624
Cdd:cd08696      1 YRNLLYVYPQSLNFSNRLGSARNIAVKVQLMSGEDESQALPVIFKGSSPEEFLTEAYTAVTYHNKSPDFYDEIKIKLPAD 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481  625 VTENHHLFFTFYHVSCQPRP-GTALETPVGFTWIPLLQHGRLRTGPFCLPVSVDQPPPSYSVLTPDVALPGMRWVDGHKG 703
Cdd:cd08696     81 LTDNHHLLFTFYHISCQKKQeGGSVETPIGYTWLPLLRNGRLQSGEFNLPVSLEKPPSNYSPDSPEVKLPGTKWVDNHKG 160

                          170
                   ....*....|....*....
gi 1039793481  704 VFSVELTAVSSVHPQDPHL 722
Cdd:cd08696    161 VFSVSVEAVSSVHTQDSYL 179

Dedicator of cytokinesis C/D, N terminal; This entry represents the N-terminal domain of the DOCK-C subfamily (DOCK 6, 7, 8) and DOCK-D subfamily (DOCK 9, 10, 11). DOCK family members are evolutionarily conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho-family GTPases, required during several cellular processes, such as cell motility and phagocytosis. DOCK proteins are categorized into four subfamilies based on their sequence homology: DOCK-A (DOCK1/180, 2, 5), DOCK-B subfamily (DOCK3, 4), DOCK-C subfamily (DOCK6, 7, 8), DOCK-D subfamily (DOCK9, 10, 11).

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481   48 TEVIEPLDFEDVLLSRPPEVEPGPLRDLIEFPVDDLELLKQPRECRTTESGVPEDG--QLDAQVRAAVEMYSEDWVIVRR 125
Cdd:pfam11878    1 PKVVEPLDYEEFISQHLTQIENDPLRDLLLFPDDDIEVSVIPRECRTLQPTVPEEAekEADPLVRECIKTYTSDWHVVNY 80

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1039793481  126 RYQHLSTAYSPITTETQREWQKGLTCQVFEQD 157
Cdd:pfam11878   81 KYEDYSGDFRQLPKSKRRERPEKLPKQVFEID 112

C2 domains found in Dedicator Of CytoKinesis (Dock) class C proteins; Dock-C is one of 4 classes of Dock family proteins. The members here include: Dock6/Zir1, Dock7/Zir2, and Dock8/Zir3. Dock-C members are GEFs for both Rac and Cdc42. In addition to the C2 domain (AKA Dock homology region (DHR)-1, CED-5, Dock180, MBC-zizimin homology (CZH) 1) and the DHR-2 (AKA CZH2, or Docker), which all Dock180-related proteins have, Dock-C members contain a functionally uncharacterized domain upstream of the C2 domain. DHR-2 has the catalytic activity for Rac and/or Cdc42, but is structurally unrelated to the DH domain. The C2/DHR-1 domains of Dock180 and Dock4 have been shown to bind phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481  545 YRNLLFVYPHSLNFSSRQGSVRNLAVRIQYMAGEDQSQALPVIFGKSSCSEFTREAFTPVVYHNKSPEFYEEFKLRLPAC 624
Cdd:cd08696      1 YRNLLYVYPQSLNFSNRLGSARNIAVKVQLMSGEDESQALPVIFKGSSPEEFLTEAYTAVTYHNKSPDFYDEIKIKLPAD 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481  625 VTENHHLFFTFYHVSCQPRP-GTALETPVGFTWIPLLQHGRLRTGPFCLPVSVDQPPPSYSVLTPDVALPGMRWVDGHKG 703
Cdd:cd08696     81 LTDNHHLLFTFYHISCQKKQeGGSVETPIGYTWLPLLRNGRLQSGEFNLPVSLEKPPSNYSPDSPEVKLPGTKWVDNHKG 160

                          170
                   ....*....|....*....
gi 1039793481  704 VFSVELTAVSSVHPQDPHL 722
Cdd:cd08696    161 VFSVSVEAVSSVHTQDSYL 179

C2 domain in Dock180 and Zizimin proteins; The Dock180/Dock1 and Zizimin proteins are atypical GTP/GDP exchange factors for the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42 and are implicated cell-migration and phagocytosis. Across all Dock180 proteins, two regions are conserved: C-terminus termed CZH2 or DHR2 (or the Dedicator of cytokinesis) whereas CZH1/DHR1 contain a new family of the C2 domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481  545 YRNLLFVYPHSLNFSSRQGSV-RNLAVRIQYMAGEdqSQALP-VIFGKSSCsEFTREAFTPVVYHNKSPEFYEEFKLRLP 622
Cdd:pfam14429    4 YRNDLYVTPKSGNFSKQKKSSaRNIEVTVEVRDSD--GEPLPnCIYGGSGG-PFVTEFKSTVYYHNKSPTWYEEIKIALP 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481  623 ACVTENHHLFFTFYHVSCQPRPgTALETPVGFTWIPLLQHGR--LRTGPFCLPVS-VDQPPPSYSVLT-------PDVAL 692
Cdd:pfam14429   81 AELTPKHHLLFTFYHVSCDEKK-DKVEKPFGYAFLPLLDDDGafLRDGEHTLPVYkYDELPPGYLSLPwssggekESSAL 159

                          170       180
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1039793481  693 PGMRwvdGHKGVFSVELTAVSSVHPQDPH 721
Cdd:pfam14429  160 PGLK---GGKDLFKVRTRLCSTKYTQDEH 185

Dedicator of cytokinesis C/D, N terminal; This entry represents the N-terminal domain of the DOCK-C subfamily (DOCK 6, 7, 8) and DOCK-D subfamily (DOCK 9, 10, 11). DOCK family members are evolutionarily conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho-family GTPases, required during several cellular processes, such as cell motility and phagocytosis. DOCK proteins are categorized into four subfamilies based on their sequence homology: DOCK-A (DOCK1/180, 2, 5), DOCK-B subfamily (DOCK3, 4), DOCK-C subfamily (DOCK6, 7, 8), DOCK-D subfamily (DOCK9, 10, 11).

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481   48 TEVIEPLDFEDVLLSRPPEVEPGPLRDLIEFPVDDLELLKQPRECRTTESGVPEDG--QLDAQVRAAVEMYSEDWVIVRR 125
Cdd:pfam11878    1 PKVVEPLDYEEFISQHLTQIENDPLRDLLLFPDDDIEVSVIPRECRTLQPTVPEEAekEADPLVRECIKTYTSDWHVVNY 80

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1039793481  126 RYQHLSTAYSPITTETQREWQKGLTCQVFEQD 157
Cdd:pfam11878   81 KYEDYSGDFRQLPKSKRRERPEKLPKQVFEID 112

C2 domains found in Dedicator Of CytoKinesis (Dock) class C proteins; Dock-C is one of 4 classes of Dock family proteins. The members here include: Dock6/Zir1, Dock7/Zir2, and Dock8/Zir3. Dock-C members are GEFs for both Rac and Cdc42. In addition to the C2 domain (AKA Dock homology region (DHR)-1, CED-5, Dock180, MBC-zizimin homology (CZH) 1) and the DHR-2 (AKA CZH2, or Docker), which all Dock180-related proteins have, Dock-C members contain a functionally uncharacterized domain upstream of the C2 domain. DHR-2 has the catalytic activity for Rac and/or Cdc42, but is structurally unrelated to the DH domain. The C2/DHR-1 domains of Dock180 and Dock4 have been shown to bind phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481  545 YRNLLFVYPHSLNFSSRQGSVRNLAVRIQYMAGEDQSQALPVIFGKSSCSEFTREAFTPVVYHNKSPEFYEEFKLRLPAC 624
Cdd:cd08696      1 YRNLLYVYPQSLNFSNRLGSARNIAVKVQLMSGEDESQALPVIFKGSSPEEFLTEAYTAVTYHNKSPDFYDEIKIKLPAD 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481  625 VTENHHLFFTFYHVSCQPRP-GTALETPVGFTWIPLLQHGRLRTGPFCLPVSVDQPPPSYSVLTPDVALPGMRWVDGHKG 703
Cdd:cd08696     81 LTDNHHLLFTFYHISCQKKQeGGSVETPIGYTWLPLLRNGRLQSGEFNLPVSLEKPPSNYSPDSPEVKLPGTKWVDNHKG 160

                          170
                   ....*....|....*....
gi 1039793481  704 VFSVELTAVSSVHPQDPHL 722
Cdd:cd08696    161 VFSVSVEAVSSVHTQDSYL 179

Dock Homology Region 2, a GEF domain, of Class C Dedicator of Cytokinesis 6; Dock6, also called Zizimin-related 1 (Zir1), is an atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that lacks the conventional Dbl homology (DH) domain. As a GEF, it activates the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. It is widely expressed and shows highest expression in the dorsal root ganglion and the brain. It regulates neurite outgrowth. DOCK proteins are divided into four classes (A-D) based on sequence similarity and domain architecture; class C includes Dock6, 7 and 8. All DOCKs contain two homology domains: the DHR-1 (Dock homology region-1), also called CZH1 (CED-5, Dock180, and MBC-zizimin homology 1), and DHR-2 (also called CZH2 or Docker). The DHR-1 domain binds phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate. This alignment model represents the DHR-2 domain of Dock6, which contains the catalytic GEF activity for Rac and/or Cdc42.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481 1656 SPDLRLTWLQNMAGKHAELGNHAEAAQCMVHAAALVAEYLALLEDSRHLPVGCVSFQNVSSNVLEESAISDDILSPDEEG 1735
Cdd:cd11702      1 SPDLRLTWLQNMAGKHSERGNHAEAAHCLVHSAALVAEYLSMLEDCRHLPVGCVSFQNISSNVLEESAVSDDILSPDEEG 80

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1039793481 1736 FCSGKNFTELGLVGLLEQAAGYFTM 1760
Cdd:cd11702     81 ICSGKYFTELGLVGLLEQAAASFNM 105

Dock Homology Region 2, a GEF domain, of Class C Dedicator of Cytokinesis 8; Dock8, also called Zizimin-related 3 (Zir3), is an atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that lacks the conventional Dbl homology (DH) domain. As a GEF, it activates the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Dock8 is highly expressed in the immune system and it regulates T and B cell numbers and functions. It plays essential roles in humoral immune responses and the proper formation of B cell immunological synapses. Dock8 deficiency is a primary immune deficiency that results in extreme susceptibility to cutaneous viral infections, elevated IgE levels, and eosinophilia. It was originally described as an autosomal recessive form of hyper IgE syndrome (AR-HIES). DOCK proteins are divided into four classes (A-D) based on sequence similarity and domain architecture; class C includes Dock6, 7 and 8. All DOCKs contain two homology domains: the DHR-1 (Dock homology region-1), also called CZH1 (CED-5, Dock180, and MBC-zizimin homology 1), and DHR-2 (also called CZH2 or Docker). The DHR-1 domain binds phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate. This alignment model represents the DHR-2 domain of Dock8, which contains the catalytic GEF activity for Rac and/or Cdc42.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481 1656 SPDLRLTWLQNMAGKHAELGNHAEAAQCMVHAAALVAEYLALLEDSRHLPVGCVSFQNVSSNVLEESAISDDILSPDEEG 1735
Cdd:cd11701      2 SPDLRLTWLQNMAEKHTKRKCFTEAAMCLVHAAALVAEYLSMLEDHSYLPVGSVSFQNISSNVLEESAVSDDILSPDEDG 81

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....
gi 1039793481 1736 FCSGKNFTELGLVGLLEQAAGYFT 1759
Cdd:cd11701     82 VCSGRYFTENGLVGLLEQAAELFS 105

C2 domains found in Dedicator Of CytoKinesis (Dock) class C proteins; Dock-D is one of 4 classes of Dock family proteins. The members here include: Dock9/Zizimin1, Dock10/Zizimin3, and Dock11/Zizimin2/ACG (activated Cdc42-associated GEF). Dock-D are Cdc42-specific GEFs. In addition to the C2 domain (AKA Dock homology region (DHR)-1, CED-5, Dock180, MBC-zizimin homology (CZH) 1) and the DHR-2 (AKA CZH2, or Docker), which all Dock180-related proteins have, Dock-D members contain a functionally uncharacterized domain and a PH domain upstream of the C2 domain. DHR-2 has the catalytic activity for Rac and/or Cdc42, but is structurally unrelated to the DH domain. The C2/DHR-1 domains of Dock180 and Dock4 have been shown to bind phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). The PH domain broadly binds to phospholipids and is thought to be involved in targeting the plasma membrane. The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481  545 YRNLLFVYPHSLNFSSRQGSV--RNLAVRIQYMAGEDQ-SQALPVIFGKSSCSeFTREAFTPVVYHNKSPEFYEEFKLRL 621
Cdd:cd08697      1 YKNHLYVYPLHLKYDSQKTFAkaRNIAVCIEFRDSDEEdAKPLKCIYYGPGGG-FTTSAYAAVLHHNQNPEFYDEIKIEL 79

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481  622 PACVTENHHLFFTFYHVSC-QPRPGT---ALETPVGFTWIPLLQ-HGRLRTGPFCLPVSVDQP--PPSYSVLTPDValPG 694
Cdd:cd08697     80 PTQLHEKHHLLFTFYHVSCdINKKGKkkdGVETPVGYAWLPLLKdKGRLNSEEQTPPVANLLPnyPDGYLSIQPHG--PE 157

                          170       180
                   ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1039793481  695 MRWVDGHKGVFSVELTAVSSVHPQDPHL 722
Cdd:cd08697    158 VKWVDGGKPLFKVSTHLVSTVYTQDQHL 185

Dedicator of cytokinesis C/D, N terminal; This entry represents the N-terminal domain of the DOCK-C subfamily (DOCK 6, 7, 8) and DOCK-D subfamily (DOCK 9, 10, 11). DOCK family members are evolutionarily conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho-family GTPases, required during several cellular processes, such as cell motility and phagocytosis. DOCK proteins are categorized into four subfamilies based on their sequence homology: DOCK-A (DOCK1/180, 2, 5), DOCK-B subfamily (DOCK3, 4), DOCK-C subfamily (DOCK6, 7, 8), DOCK-D subfamily (DOCK9, 10, 11).

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481   48 TEVIEPLDFEDVLLSRPPEVEPGPLRDLIEFPVDDLELLKQPRECRTTESGVPEDG--QLDAQVRAAVEMYSEDWVIVRR 125
Cdd:pfam11878    1 PKVVEPLDYEEFISQHLTQIENDPLRDLLLFPDDDIEVSVIPRECRTLQPTVPEEAekEADPLVRECIKTYTSDWHVVNY 80

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1039793481  126 RYQHLSTAYSPITTETQREWQKGLTCQVFEQD 157
Cdd:pfam11878   81 KYEDYSGDFRQLPKSKRRERPEKLPKQVFEID 112

Dock Homology Region 2, a GEF domain, of Class D Dedicator of Cytokinesis 11; Dock11, also called Zizimin2 or activated Cdc42-associated GEF (ACG), is an atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that lacks the conventional Dbl homology (DH) domain. As a GEF, it activates the small GTPase Cdc42 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Dock11 is predominantly expressed in lymphocytes and is found in high levels in germinal center B lymphocytes after T cell dependent antigen immunization. DOCK proteins are divided into four classes (A-D) based on sequence similarity and domain architecture; class D includes Dock9, 10 and 11. All DOCKs contain two homology domains: the DHR-1 (Dock homology region-1), also called CZH1 (CED-5, Dock180, and MBC-zizimin homology 1), and DHR-2 (also called CZH2 or Docker). The DHR-1 domain binds phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate. This alignment model represents the DHR-2 domain of Dock11, which contains the catalytic GEF activity for Cdc42. Class D DOCKs also contain a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-terminus.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481 1657 PDLRLTWLQNMAGKHAELGNHAEAAQCMVHAAALVAEYlalLEDSRHLPVGCVSFQNVSSNVLEESAISDDILSPDeegf 1736
Cdd:cd11700      1 PELRKTWLDSMAKIHVKNGDFSEAAMCYVHVAALVAEF---LHRKKLFPSGCAAFKKITPNIDEEGAMKEDIGMMD---- 73

                           90
                   ....*....|....*..
gi 1039793481 1737 csgKNFTELGLVGLLEQ 1753
Cdd:cd11700     74 ---VHYSEEVLVELLEQ 87

Dock Homology Region 2, a GEF domain, of Class D Dedicator of Cytokinesis proteins; DOCK proteins are atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that lack the conventional Dbl homology (DH) domain. As GEFs, they activate small GTPases by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. They are divided into four classes (A-D) based on sequence similarity and domain architecture; class D, also called the Zizimin subfamily, includes Dock9, 10 and 11. Class D Docks are specific GEFs for Cdc42. Dock9 plays important roles in spine formation and dendritic growth. Dock10 and Dock11 are preferentially expressed in lymphocytes. All DOCKs contain two homology domains: the DHR-1 (Dock homology region-1), also called CZH1 (CED-5, Dock180, and MBC-zizimin homology 1), and DHR-2 (also called CZH2 or Docker). The DHR-1 domain binds phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate. This alignment model represents the DHR-2 domain of class D DOCKs, which contains the catalytic GEF activity for Cdc42. Class D DOCKs also contain a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-terminus.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1039793481 1658 DLRLTWLQNMAGKHAELGNHAEAAQCMVHAAALVAEYL 1695
Cdd:cd11694      1 ELRKTWLESMARIHEKNGNFSEAAMCYIHIAALVAEYL 38

Dock Homology Region 2, a GEF domain, of Dedicator of Cytokinesis proteins; DOCK proteins comprise a family of atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that lack the conventional Dbl homology (DH) domain. As GEFs, they activate the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. They are also called the CZH (CED-5, Dock180, and MBC-zizimin homology) family, after the first family members identified. Dock180 was first isolated as a binding partner for the adaptor protein Crk. The Caenorhabditis elegans protein, Ced-5, is essential for cell migration and phagocytosis, while the Drosophila ortholog, Myoblast city (MBC), is necessary for myoblast fusion and dorsal closure. DOCKs are divided into four classes (A-D) based on sequence similarity and domain architecture: class A includes Dock1 (or Dock180), 2 and 5; class B includes Dock3 and 4; class C includes Dock6, 7, and 8; and class D includes Dock9, 10 and 11. All DOCKs contain two homology domains: the DHR-1 (Dock homology region-1), also called CZH1, and DHR-2 (also called CZH2 or Docker). This alignment model represents the DHR-2 domain of DOCK proteins, which contains the catalytic GEF activity for Rac and/or Cdc42.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793481 1658 DLRLTWLQNMAGKHAELGNHAEAAQCMVHAAALVAEYLalledsrhlpvgcvsfqnvssnvleesaisDDILSPDEEGFC 1737
Cdd:cd11684      1 ELYIRYLHKLADLHEERGNYVEAALCLLLHADLYAWDL------------------------------KALVPALAESLS 50

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|...
gi 1039793481 1738 SGKNFTELGLVGLLEQAAGYFTM 1760
Cdd:cd11684     51 FPEQTSFERKEALYKKAIDLFDK 73

C2 domains found in Dedicator Of CytoKinesis (Dock) class B proteins; Dock-B is one of 4 classes of Dock family proteins. The members here include: Dock3/MOCA (modifier of cell adhesion) and Dock4. Most of these members have been shown to be GEFs specific for Rac, although Dock4 has also been shown to interact indirectly with the Ras family GTPase Rap1, probably through Rap regulatory proteins. In addition to the C2 domain (AKA Dock homology region (DHR)-1, CED-5, Dock180, MBC-zizimin homology (CZH) 1) and the DHR-2 (AKA CZH2, or Docker), which all Dock180-related proteins have, Dock-B members contain a SH3 domain upstream of the C2 domain and a proline-rich region downstream. DHR-2 has the catalytic activity for Rac and/or Cdc42, but is structurally unrelated to the DH domain. The C2/DHR-1 domains of Dock180 and Dock4 have been shown to bind phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1039793481  589 GKSSCSEFtrEAFtpVVYHNKSPEFYEEFKLRLPACVTENHHLFFTFYHVSCQPRPGTALetpVGFTWIPLLQHG 663
Cdd:cd08695     48 GEPPCSEY--RSF--VLYHNNSPRWNETIKLPIPIDKFRGSHLRFEFRHCSTKDKGEKKL---FGFSFVPLMRED 115