Roger Chou, Gilbert J. Fanciullo, Perry G. Fine, Jeremy A. Adler, Jane C. Ballantyne, Pamela Davies, Marilee I. Donovan, David A. Fishbain, Kathy M. Foley, Jeffrey Fudin, Aaron M. Gilson, Alexander Kelter, Alexander Mauskop, Patrick G. O'Connor, Steven D. Passik, Gavril W. Pasternak, Russell K. Portenoy, Ben A. Rich, Richard G. Roberts, Knox H. Todd, Christine Miaskowski, the American Pain Society-American Academy of Pain Medicine Opioids Guidelines Panel
J Pain.
Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 Jun 3.Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2009 Feb; 10(2): 113–130. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.10.008