NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), a division of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the U.S. National Institutes of Health, is a leader in the field of bioinformatics; it studies computational approaches to fundamental questions in biology and provides online delivery of biomedical information and bioinformatics tools. NCBI hosts approximately 40 online literature and molecular biology databases—including PubMed, PubMed Central, and GenBank—that serve millions of users around the world. The second edition of the NCBI Handbook, released in November 2013 in conjunction with the 25th anniversary of NCBI, aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the breadth of informatics resources at NCBI, and an in-depth account of the scope, data, infrastructure, processing, and access for each major database or resource. The databases and resources are organized here into seven concept areas: literature, genomes, variation, health, genes and gene expression, nucleotide, proteins, and small molecules and biological assays. Three additional categories encompass tools, infrastructure, and metadata. Each concept area begins with an overview chapter that provides a contextual framework for the resources discussed under that concept; the overview is followed by separate chapters that cover individual databases or resources.
As with the first edition, The NCBI Handbook 2nd Edition is geared towards advanced users of NCBI resources to provide an understanding of how bioinformatics resources at NCBI work. It is not a step-by-step user manual but complements NCBI user guides, tutorials, help information, and other existing documentation. It is our intent that the handbook will reflect, to the extent possible, the current state of databases, resources, and tools at NCBI, with information updated periodically.
Contents
- Editors and Reviewers
- A Brief History of NCBI’s Formation and GrowthKent Smith.
- Literature
- NCBI Literature ResourcesEd Sequeira.Created: November 14, 2013.
- NLM CatalogSarah Weis.Created: February 21, 2013; Last Update: July 19, 2013.
- PubMed: The Bibliographic DatabaseKathi Canese and Sarah Weis.Created: October 9, 2002; Last Update: March 20, 2013.
- PubMed CentralChris Maloney, Ed Sequeira, Christopher Kelly, Rebecca Orris, and Jeffrey Beck.Created: November 14, 2013; Last Update: December 5, 2013.
- BookshelfMarilu Hoeppner, Martin Latterner, and Karanjit Siyan.Created: March 18, 2013; Last Update: November 4, 2013.
- NLM DTD to NISO JATS Z39.96-2012Jeffrey Beck and Laura Randall.Created: November 14, 2013.
- The NIH Manuscript Submission SystemAbigail Acland.Created: March 15, 2013.
- NCBI Literature Resources
- Genomes
- What’s in a Genome at NCBI?James Ostell.Created: November 8, 2013.
- GenBankIlene Mizrachi.Created: November 12, 2013.
- Protein ClustersTatiana Tatusova, Leonid Zaslavsky, Boris Fedorov, Diana Haddad, Anjana Vatsan, Danso Ako-adjei, Olga Blinkova, and Hassan Ghazal.Created: September 14, 2014.
- Eukaryotes
- CloneValerie Schneider.Created: November 14, 2013.
- Genome Reference ConsortiumValerie Schneider and Deanna Church.Created: November 14, 2013.
- Eukaryotic Genome Annotation PipelineFrançoise Thibaud-Nissen, Alexander Souvorov, Terence Murphy, Michael DiCuccio, and Paul Kitts.Created: November 14, 2013.
- Clone
- Prokaryotes
- About Prokaryotic Genome Processing and ToolsTatiana Tatusova, Stacy Ciufo, Boris Fedorov, Kathleen O’Neill, Igor Tolstoy, and Leonid Zaslavsky.Created: January 23, 2014.
- Prokaryotic Genome Annotation PipelineTatiana Tatusova, Mike DiCuccio, Azat Badretdin, Vyacheslav Chetvernin, Stacy Ciufo, and Wenjun Li.Created: December 10, 2013.
- About Prokaryotic Genome Processing and Tools
- Viruses
- About Viral and Phage Genome Processing and ToolsYiming Bao, J. Rodney Brister, Olga Blinkova, Danso Ako-adjei, and Chetvernin Vyacheslav.Created: March 30, 2013; Last Update: May 10, 2013.
- Virus VariationJ. Rodney Brister and Yiming Bao.Created: November 14, 2013.
- About Viral and Phage Genome Processing and Tools
- What’s in a Genome at NCBI?
- Variation
- Variation OverviewDeanna Church, Stephen Sherry, Lon Phan, Minghong Ward, Melissa Landrum, and Donna Maglott.Created: November 14, 2013.
- The Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) and PheGenIKimberly A Tryka, Luning Hao, Anne Sturcke, Yumi Jin, Masato Kimura, Zhen Y Wang, Lora Ziyabari, Moira Lee, and Michael Feolo.Created: August 15, 2013.
- The Database of Short Genetic Variation (dbSNP)Adrienne Kitts, Lon Phan, Minghong Ward, and John Bradley Holmes.Created: June 30, 2013; Last Update: April 3, 2014.
- dbVarAdrienne Kitts, Deanna Church, Tim Hefferon, and Lon Phan.Created: October 26, 2014.
- ClinVarMelissa Landrum, Jennifer Lee, George Riley, Wonhee Jang, Wendy Rubinstein, Deanna Church, and Donna Maglott.Created: November 21, 2013.
- Variation Overview
- Health
- Genes and Gene Expression
- Genes and Gene ExpressionDonna Maglott, Tanya Barrett, Terence Murphy, Michael Feolo, Lukas Wagner, and Richa Agarwala.Created: November 7, 2013.
- Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)Tanya Barrett.Created: May 19, 2013.
- GeneDonna Maglott, PhD, Kim Pruitt, PhD, Tatiana Tatusova, PhD, and Terence Murphy, PhD.Created: November 14, 2013.
- UniGeneLukas Wagner and Richa Agarwala.Created: November 14, 2013.
- Genes and Gene Expression
- Nucleotide
- Protein
- NCBI Protein ResourcesEric Sayers.Created: November 12, 2013; Last Update: November 21, 2013.
- Protein ClustersTatiana Tatusova, Leonid Zaslavsky, Boris Fedorov, Diana Haddad, Anjana Vatsan, Danso Ako-adjei, Olga Blinkova, and Hassan Ghazal.Created: September 14, 2014.
- NCBI Protein Resources
- Small Molecules and Biological Assays
- Small Molecules and Biological ActivitiesRana Morris.Created: December 9, 2013.
- NCBI PubChem BioAssay DatabaseYanli Wang and Stephen H Bryant.Created: March 14, 2014.
- Small Molecules and Biological Activities
- Tools
- The BLAST Sequence Analysis ToolThomas Madden.Created: March 15, 2013.
- The Entrez Search and Retrieval SystemJim Ostell.Created: October 9, 2002; Last Update: January 31, 2014.
- LinkOut: Linking to External Resources from NCBI DatabasesY. Kathy Kwan.Created: November 14, 2013.
- The BLAST Sequence Analysis Tool
- Metadata
- BioSampleTanya Barrett.Created: November 14, 2013.
- BioProjectKaren Clark, Kim Pruitt, Tatiana Tatusova, and Ilene Mizrachi.Created: April 28, 2013; Last Update: November 11, 2013.
- BioSample
- Glossary