APPENDIX 4Main Study Findings
Tables
Table 1Main Findings from Jena et al., 20136
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| Treatment |
---|
Ketorolac (n=20) | Ibuprofen (n=20) | Etodolac + Paracetamol (n=20) | Aceclofenac (n=20) | Placebo (n=20) |
---|
Pain before local anesthesia- Heft-Parker VAS score (mm) |
---|
Mean (SD) | 128.00 (20.17) | 122.05 (17.19) | 125.05 (22.59) | 125.30 (25.57) | 119.05 (15.76) |
Pain during endodontic treatment- Heft-Parker VAS score (mm) |
---|
Mean (SD) | 27.80 (47.02) | 46.30 (54.23) | 46.50 (51.10) | 39.85 (52.02) | 62.35 (55.37) |
Level of pain - Heft-Parker VAS score, n(%) |
---|
No Pain (0mm) | 14(70) | 1(55) | 10(50) | 11(55) | 8(40) |
Mild (1mm to 54mm) | 2(10) | 0 | 1(5) | 3(15) | 0 |
Moderate (55mm to 85mm) | 0 | 3(15) | 4(20) | 1(5) | 3(15) |
Severe (86mm to 170mm) | 4(20) | 6(30) | 5(25) | 5(25) | 9(45) |
VAS = visual analogue scale
- a
Heft-Parker VAS scale ranging from 1 to 170 mm, where 0mm = no pain, 1mm to 54mm = mild pain, 54 mm to 114mm = moderate pain, and > 114mm = severe pain
Table 2Main Findings from Aggarwal et al., 20107
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| Treatment |
---|
| Ketorolac (n=23) | Ibuprofen (n=22) | Placebo (n=24) |
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Mild Pain (Heft-Parker VAS score < 54 mm) during endodontic treatment |
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n (%) | 9 (39) | 6 (27) | 7 (29) |
Moderate Pain (Heft-Parker VAS score 54mm to 114mm) during endodontic treatment |
---|
Within dentin n/N (%) | 4/14 (29) | 4/16 (25) | 5/17 (29) |
Within pulpal space n/N (%) | 3/14 (21) | 2/16 (13) | 2/17 (12) |
Instrumentation of canals n/N (%) | 2/14 (14) | 2/16 (13) | 2/17 (12) |
Severe Pain (Heft-Parker VAS score > 114 mm) during endodontic treatment |
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Within dentin n/N (%) | 3/14 (21) | 5/16 (31) | 3/17 (18) |
Within pulpal space n/N (%) | 1/14 (7) | 3/16 (19) | 4/17 (24) |
Instrumentation of canals n/N (%) | 1/14 (7) | 2/16 (13) | 1/17 (6) |
VAS = visual analogue scale
- a
Heft-Parker VAS scale ranging from 1 to 170 mm, where 0mm = no pain, 1mm to 54mm = mild pain, 54 mm to 114mm = moderate pain, and > 114mm = severe pain
Table 3Main Findings from Ortiz et al. 20108
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| Treatment |
---|
| Ketorolac (n=15) | Etoricoxib (n=17) | Diclofenac (n=17) |
---|
Pain at 24h post-treatment (VAS mm)a |
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Mean (SE) | 21.2 (4.3) | 20.1 (4.5) | 21.9 (5) |
Pain at 24h post-treatment (Likert Scale)b |
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Mean (SE) | 1.13 (0.8) | 1.13 (0.9) | 1.07 (0.7) |
SE = standard error; VAS = visual analogue scale
- a
visual analogue scale ranged from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain)
- b
1 represents slight relief, pain intermittently throughout the study; 2 represents moderate relief, pain intermittently throughout the study, and 3 represents no pain subsided with treatment
Table 4Main Findings from Kaeding et al. 20049
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Treatment |
---|
| Ketorolac (n=25) | Rofecoxib (n=25) |
---|
Pain 5 days post-operation (VAS)a |
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Mean (SD) | 3.49 (NR) | 3.57 (NR) |
Mean change from baseline (SD) | −0.24 (NR) | 0.13 (NR) |
Overall Daily Pain (VAS)a |
---|
Mean (SD) | 3.76 (NR) | 4.09 (NR) |
Adverse Events |
---|
Incision-site bleeding, n (%) | 7 (28) | 2 (8) |
Nausea, n (%) | 4 (16) | 7 (28) |
NR = not reported; SD = standard deviation; VAS = visual analogue scale
- a
visual analogue scale ranging from 1 representing great pain to 5 representing no pain