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Structured Abstract
Objectives:
We focused on four questions: (1) What are the risks and benefits of an oral diabetes agent (i.e., glyburide), as compared to all types of insulin, for gestational diabetes? (2) What is the evidence that elective labor induction, cesarean delivery, or timing of induction is associated with benefits or harm to the mother and neonate? (3) What risk factors are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes? (4) What are the performance characteristics of diagnostic tests for type 2 diabetes in women with gestational diabetes?
Data Sources:
We searched electronic databases for studies published through January 2007. Additional articles were identified by searching the table of contents of 13 journals for relevant citations from August 2006 to January 2007 and reviewing the references in eligible articles and selected review articles.
Review Methods:
Paired investigators reviewed abstracts and full articles. We included studies that were written in English, reported on human subjects, contained original data, and evaluated women with appropriately diagnosed gestational diabetes. Paired reviewers performed serial abstraction of data from each eligible study. Study quality was assessed independently by each reviewer.
Main Results:
The search identified 45 relevant articles. The evidence indicated that (1) maternal glucose levels do not differ substantially in those treated with insulin versus insulin analogues or oral agents; (2) average infant birth weight may be lower in mothers treated with insulin than with glyburide; (3) induction at 38 weeks may reduce the macrosomia rate, with no increase in cesarean delivery rates; (4) anthropometric measures, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and 2-hour glucose value are the strongest risk factors associated with development of type 2 diabetes; (5) FBG had high specificity, but variable sensitivity, when compared to the 75-gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes after delivery.
Conclusions:
The evidence suggests that benefits and a low likelihood of harm are associated with the treatment of gestational diabetes with an oral diabetes agent or insulin. The effect of induction or elective cesarean on outcomes is unclear. The evidence is consistent that anthropometry identifies women at risk of developing subsequent type 2 diabetes; however, no evidence suggested the FBG out-performs the 75-gm OGTT in diagnosing type 2 diabetes after delivery.
Contents
Prepared for: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.1 Contract No. 290-02-0018. Prepared by: The Johns Hopkins University Evidence-based Practice Center, Baltimore, MD.
Suggested citation:
Nicholson WK, Wilson LM, Witkop CT, Baptiste-Roberts K, Bennett WL, Bolen S, Barone BB, Golden SH, Gary TL, Neale DM, Bass EB. Therapeutic Management, Delivery, and Postpartum Risk Assessment and Screening in Gestational Diabetes. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 162 (Prepared by the Johns Hopkins University Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-02-0018.) AHRQ Publication No. 08-E004. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. March 2008.
This report is based on research conducted by the Johns Hopkins University Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) under contract to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, MD (Contract No. 290-02-0018). The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the author(s), who are responsible for its content, and do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ. No statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
The information in this report is intended to help clinicians, employers, policymakers, and others make informed decisions about the provision of health care services. This report is intended as a reference and not as a substitute for clinical judgment.
This report may be used, in whole or in part, as the basis for the development of clinical practice guidelines and other quality enhancement tools, or as a basis for reimbursement and coverage policies. AHRQ or U.S. Department of Health and Human Services endorsement of such derivative products may not be stated or implied.
No investigators have any affiliations or financial involvement (e.g., employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties) that conflict with material presented in this report.
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.ahrq.gov
- Comparative impact of pharmacological treatments for gestational diabetes on neonatal anthropometry independent of maternal glycaemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis.[PLoS Med. 2020]Comparative impact of pharmacological treatments for gestational diabetes on neonatal anthropometry independent of maternal glycaemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Tarry-Adkins JL, Aiken CE, Ozanne SE. PLoS Med. 2020 May; 17(5):e1003126. Epub 2020 May 22.
- Review Benefits and risks of oral diabetes agents compared with insulin in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review.[Obstet Gynecol. 2009]Review Benefits and risks of oral diabetes agents compared with insulin in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review.Nicholson W, Bolen S, Witkop CT, Neale D, Wilson L, Bass E. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Jan; 113(1):193-205.
- Comparison of glyburide and insulin for the management of gestational diabetics with markedly elevated oral glucose challenge test and fasting hyperglycemia.[J Perinatol. 2007]Comparison of glyburide and insulin for the management of gestational diabetics with markedly elevated oral glucose challenge test and fasting hyperglycemia.Ramos GA, Jacobson GF, Kirby RS, Ching JY, Field DR. J Perinatol. 2007 May; 27(5):262-7. Epub 2007 Mar 15.
- Review Glibenclamide, metformin, and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.[BMJ. 2015]Review Glibenclamide, metformin, and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Balsells M, García-Patterson A, Solà I, Roqué M, Gich I, Corcoy R. BMJ. 2015 Jan 21; 350:h102. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
- Comparison of glyburide and insulin for the management of gestational diabetes in a large managed care organization.[Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005]Comparison of glyburide and insulin for the management of gestational diabetes in a large managed care organization.Jacobson GF, Ramos GA, Ching JY, Kirby RS, Ferrara A, Field DR. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jul; 193(1):118-24.
- Therapeutic Management, Delivery, and Postpartum Risk Assessment and Screening i...Therapeutic Management, Delivery, and Postpartum Risk Assessment and Screening in Gestational Diabetes
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