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Research on gene drive systems is rapidly advancing. Many proposed applications of gene drive research aim to solve environmental and public health challenges, including the reduction of poverty and the burden of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue, which disproportionately impact low and middle income countries. However, due to their intrinsic qualities of rapid spread and irreversibility, gene drive systems raise many questions with respect to their safety relative to public and environmental health. Because gene drive systems are designed to alter the environments we share in ways that will be hard to anticipate and impossible to completely roll back, questions about the ethics surrounding use of this research are complex and will require very careful exploration.
Gene Drives on the Horizon outlines the state of knowledge relative to the science, ethics, public engagement, and risk assessment as they pertain to research directions of gene drive systems and governance of the research process. This report offers principles for responsible practices of gene drive research and related applications for use by investigators, their institutions, the research funders, and regulators.
Contents
- The National Academies of SCIENCES • ENGINEERING • MEDICINE
- COMMITTEE ON GENE DRIVE RESEARCH IN NON-HUMAN ORGANISMS: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT
- BOARD ON LIFE SCIENCES
- Preface
- Acknowledgment of Reviewers
- Summary
- STATE OF THE SCIENCE OF GENE DRIVES
- ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
- CHARTING HUMAN VALUES
- PHASED TESTING AND SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO REDUCE GENE DRIVES' POTENTIAL HARMS
- ASSESSING RISKS OF GENE-DRIVE MODIFIED ORGANISMS
- PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
- GOVERNANCE OF GENE DRIVES
- GENE DRIVES ON THE HORIZON
- REFERENCES
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The State of Knowledge of the Molecular Biology, Population Genetics, and Ecology of Gene-Drive Modified Organisms
- 3. Case Studies to Examine Questions About Gene-Drive Modified Organisms
- BASIC CRITERIA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENE-DRIVE MODIFIED ORGANISMS
- CASE STUDY 1: USING AEDES AEGYPTI AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS MOSQUITOES TO MANAGE DENGUE
- CASE STUDY 2: USING ANOPHELES GAMBIAE MOSQUITOES TO COMBAT HUMAN MALARIA
- CASE STUDY 3: USING CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS MOSQUITOES TO COMBAT AVIAN MALARIA IN HAWAII
- CASE STUDY 4: CONTROLLING POPULATIONS OF NON-INDIGENOUS MUS MUSCULUS MICE TO PROTECT BIODIVERSITY ON ISLANDS
- CASE STUDY 5: CONTROLLING NON-INDIGENOUS CENTAUREA MACULOSA KNAPWEEDS TO PROTECT BIODIVERSITY IN RANGELANDS AND FORESTS
- CASE STUDY 6: CONTROLLING PALMER AMARANTH TO INCREASE AGRICULTURE PRODUCTIVITY
- CASE STUDY 7: DEVELOPING A VERTEBRATE MODEL FOR GENE DRIVE RESEARCH USING ZEBRAFISH
- REFERENCES
- 4. Charting Human Values
- 5. Phased Testing and Scientific Approaches to Reducing Potential Harms of Gene Drives
- 6. Assessing Risks of Gene-Drive Modified Organisms
- 7. Engaging Communities, Stakeholders, and Publics
- 8. Governing Gene Drive Research and Applications
- 9. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Overarching Considerations
- Glossary
- Acronyms
- APPENDIXES
- Appendix A. Agenda for the Workshop on the Science, Ethics, and Governance Considerations for Gene Drive Research
- Appendix B. List of Gene Drive Webinars
- Appendix C. Mosquito Control Strategies
- Appendix D. Rodent Control Strategies
- Appendix E. A Brief History of Ecological Risk Assessment
- Appendix F. Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
Suggested citation:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23405.
- NLM CatalogRelated NLM Catalog Entries
- Review Gene drives in our future: challenges of and opportunities for using a self-sustaining technology in pest and vector management.[BMC Proc. 2018]Review Gene drives in our future: challenges of and opportunities for using a self-sustaining technology in pest and vector management.Collins JP. BMC Proc. 2018; 12(Suppl 8):9. Epub 2018 Jul 19.
- Promises and perils of gene drives: Navigating the communication of complex, post-normal science.[Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019]Promises and perils of gene drives: Navigating the communication of complex, post-normal science.Brossard D, Belluck P, Gould F, Wirz CD. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Apr 16; 116(16):7692-7697. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
- Review Conquering the intolerable burden of malaria: what's new, what's needed: a summary.[Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004]Review Conquering the intolerable burden of malaria: what's new, what's needed: a summary.Breman JG, Alilio MS, Mills A. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Aug; 71(2 Suppl):1-15.
- Taking stock: Is gene drive research delivering on its principles?[Gates Open Res. 2024]Taking stock: Is gene drive research delivering on its principles?Roberts AJ, Hackett K, Coche I, James SL, Littler K, Santos M, Emerson CI. Gates Open Res. 2024; 8:14. Epub 2024 Feb 22.
- Review Driving towards ecotechnologies.[Pathog Glob Health. 2017]Review Driving towards ecotechnologies.Najjar DA, Normandin AM, Strait EA, Esvelt KM. Pathog Glob Health. 2017 Dec; 111(8):448-458. Epub 2018 Apr 9.
- Gene Drives on the HorizonGene Drives on the Horizon
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