Contents

• What Is a TIP?
• Consensus Panel
• Editorial Board
• KAP Expert Panel and Federal Government Participants
• Foreword
• Executive Summary
• 1 Creating the Context
  • Overview
  • Creating the Context
  • Gender Responsive Treatment Principles
  • Women's Biopsychosocial Uniqueness
  • Organization of this TIP
• 2 Patterns of Use: From Initiation to Treatment
  • Overview
  • Initiation of Use Among Women
  • Risk Factors Associated with Initiation of Substance Use and the Development of Substance Use Disorders Among Women
  • Patterns and Prevalence of Substance Use Among Women
  • Prevalence of Substance Abuse and Dependence Among Women
• 3 Physiological Effects of Alcohol, Drugs, and Tobacco on Women
  • Overview
  • Physiological Effects and Consequences of Substance Abuse in Women
  • Physiological Effects: Factors of Influence
  • Physiological Effects of Alcohol
  • Physiological Effects of Licit and Illicit Drugs
  • Physiological Effects of Tobacco Use
  • Effects of Alcohol, Drugs, and Tobacco Use on Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes
  • Effects of Alcohol and Illicit Drugs on HIV/AIDS Status
• 4 Screening and Assessment
  • Overview
  • The Difference Between Screening and Assessment
  • Screening and Assessment: Factors of Influence
  • Screening
  • Assessment
• 5 Treatment Engagement, Placement, and Planning
  • Overview
  • Barriers to Treatment Engagement
  • Treatment Engagement Strategies
  • Considerations in Treatment Placement and Planning
  • Levels of Care
• 6 Substance Abuse Among Specific Population Groups and Settings
  • Overview
  • Racially and Ethnically Diverse Women
  • Sexual Orientation and Women
  • Women in Later Life
  • Women in Rural America
  • Resources for Other Special Populations and Settings
  • Women in the Criminal Justice System
  • Women Who Are Homeless
• 7 Substance Abuse Treatment for Women
  • Overview
  • Treatment Retention
  • Women's Treatment Issues and Needs
  • Addressing Tobacco Use With Women in Treatment
• 8 Recovery Management and Administrative Considerations
  • Overview
  • Continuing Care
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Support Systems for Women
  • Administrative Considerations
• Appendix A: Bibliography
• Appendix B: CSAT's Comprehensive Substance Abuse Treatment Model for Women and Their Children
• Appendix C: Screening and Assessment Instruments
• Appendix D: Allen Barriers to Treatment Instrument
• Appendix E: DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• Appendix F: Integration Self-Assessment for Providers
• Appendix G: Resource Panel Members
• Appendix H: Cultural Competency and Diversity Network Participants
• Appendix I: Field Reviewers
• Appendix J: Acknowledgments
• CSAT TIPs and Publications Based on TIPs

This publication was prepared under contract numbers 270-99-7072 and 270-04-7049 by the Knowledge Application Program (KAP), a Joint Venture of The CDM Group, Inc., and JBS International, Inc., for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Andrea Kopstein, Ph.D., M.P.H., Karl D. White, Ed.D., and Christina Currier served as the Contracting Officer's Representatives.

Suggested citation:

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Substance Abuse Treatment: Addressing the Specific Needs of Women. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 51. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4426. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2009.

The views, opinions, and content of this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views, opinions, or policies of SAMHSA or HHS.