Appendix EEvidence Tables

Publication Details

Index of Studies by Key Question

KQ1

RCTs and other studies found in Evidence Table 1

  • Allaart, 2006 – found under Goekoop-Ruiterman, 2005
  • Bathon, 2000
  • Boers, 1997
  • Breedveld, 2006
  • Capell, 2006
  • Choy, 2008
  • Cohen, 2001 – found under Strand 1999
  • Cohen, 2006
  • Combe, 2006
  • Dougados, 1999
  • Emery, 2000
  • Emery, 2006
  • Emery, 2008
  • Emery, 2008
  • Emery, 2009
  • Emery, 2010
  • Emery, 2010
  • Fernandez-Nebro, 2007
  • Finckh, 2007
  • Finckh, 2009
  • Fleischmann, 2009
  • Furst, 2003
  • Geborek, 2002
  • Genovese, 2002 – found under Bathon 2000
  • Genovese, 2004
  • Genovese, 2005 – found under Bathon 2000
  • Genovese, 2008
  • Goekoop-Ruiterman, 2005
  • Goekoop-Ruiterman, 2007 – found under Goekoop-Ruiterman 2005
  • Haagsma, 1997
  • Hetland, 2010
  • Hoff, 2009
  • Hyrich, 2006
  • Hyrich, 2006 [Change ET to say 2006] in 2003 file
  • Karanikola, 2008
  • Kavanaugh, 2008 – found under Klareskog 2004
  • Kay, 2008
  • Keystone, 2008
  • Keystone, 2008 – found under Cohen 2006
  • Keystone, 2009
  • Keystone, 2009 – found under Cohen 2006
  • Keystone, 2010
  • Kievit, 2008
  • Kim, 2007
  • Kirwan, 2004
  • Klareskog, 2004
  • Korpela, 2004 – found under Mottonen 1999
  • Kremer, 2006
  • Kremer, 2010
  • kristensen, 2006
  • Kristensen, 2007
  • Larsen, 2001 – found under Smolen 1999
  • Lee, 2008
  • Listing, 2006
  • Maillefert, 2003 – found under Dougados 1999
  • Maini, 2006
  • Miyasaka, 2008
  • Mottonen, 1999
  • Mottonen, 2002 – found under Mottonen 1999
  • Nishimoto, 2009
  • O’Dell, 1996
  • O’Dell, 2002
  • Osiri, 2002
  • Schiff, 2008
  • Schipper, 2009
  • Sharp, 2000 – found under Smolen 1999
  • Smolen, 1999
  • Smolen, 1999
  • Smolen, 2005 – found under Breedveld 2004
  • Smolen, 2006 – found under St. Clair 2004
  • Smolen, 2008
  • Smolen, 2009
  • Smolen, 2009
  • St. Clair, 2004
  • Strand, 1999
  • Svensson, 2005
  • van der Heijde, 2005 – found under Klareskog 2004
  • van der Heijde, 20062005 – found under Klareskog 2004
  • van der Heijde, 20062005 – found under Klareskog 2004
  • van der Kooij, 2008
  • van der Kooij, 2009 – found under Goekoop-Ruiterman 2005
  • van der Kooij, 2009 – found under Goekoop-Ruiterman 2005
  • van Riel, 2006
  • van Vollenhoven, 2009
  • Weaver, 2006
  • Weinblatt, 1999
  • Weinblatt, 2007
  • Westhovens, 2006
  • Westhovens, 2009
  • Zhang, 2006
  • Zink, 2005

Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses found in Evidence Table 2

  • Alonso-Ruiz, 2008
  • Bergman, 2010
  • Clark, 2004
  • Devine, 2011
  • Gartlehner, 2006
  • Gaujoux-Viala, 2010
  • Hochberg, 2003
  • Kirwan, 2009
  • Kuriya, 2010
  • Nam, 2010
  • Osiri, 2002/9
  • Singh, 2009
  • Singh, 2009
  • Singh, 2010
  • Singh, 2010
  • Wailoo, 2006
  • Wiens, 2010

Does not have Schipper

KQ2

RCTs and other studies found in Evidence Table 1

  • Allaart, 2006 – found under Goekoop-Ruiterman 2005
  • Bathon, 2000
  • Boers, 1997
  • Breedveld, 2006
  • Capell, 2006
  • Choy, 2008
  • Cohen, 2001 – found under Strand 1999
  • Combe, 2006
  • Combe, 2009
  • Dougados, 1999
  • Emery, 2000
  • Emery, 2006
  • Emery, 2006
  • Emery, 2008
  • Emery, 2008
  • Emery, 2009
  • Emery, 2010
  • Fernandez-Nebro, 2007
  • Finckh, 2009
  • Genovese, 2002 – found under Bathon 2000
  • Genovese, 2005 – found under Bathon 2000
  • Goekoop-Ruiterman, 2005
  • Goekoop-Ruiterman, 2007 – found under Goekoop-Ruiterman 2005
  • Haagsma, 1997
  • Hassett, 2008
  • Kekow, 2010
  • Keystone, 2008 – found under Cohen 2006
  • Kievit, 2008
  • Kirwan, 2004
  • Klareskog, 2004
  • Korpela, 2004 – found under Mottonen 1999
  • Kosinski, 2002 – found under Bathon 2000
  • Kremer, 2010
  • Landewe, 2002 – found under Boers 1997
  • Li, 2008
  • Listing, 2006
  • Maillefert, 2003 – found under Dougados 1999
  • Mease, 2008
  • Mottonen, 1999
  • Nishimoto, 2009
  • Osiri, 2002
  • Puolakka, 1487 – found under Mottonen 1999
  • Schiff, 2008
  • Scott, 2000 – found under Smolen 1999
  • Smolen, 1999
  • Smolen, 2005 – found under Breedveld 1004
  • Smolen, 2006 – found under St. Clair 2004
  • St. Clair, 2004
  • Strand, 1999
  • Svensson, 2005
  • van der Heijde, 2005 – found under Klareskog 2004
  • van der Heijde, 2006 – found under Klareskog 2004
  • van der Heijde, 2006 – found under Klareskog 2004
  • van der Kooij, 2009 – found under Goekoop-Ruiterman 2005
  • van der Kooij, 2009 – found under Goekoop-Ruiterman 2005
  • van Riel, 2008
  • Weaver, 2006
  • Weinblatt, 2007
  • Wells, 2008 – found under Westhovens 2006
  • Westhovens, 2006
  • Westhovens, 2009

Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses found in Evidence Table 2

  • Gaujoux-Viala, 2010
  • Mertens, 2009
  • Osiri, 2002/9
  • Singh, 2010
  • Singh, 2010

KQ3

RCTs and other studies found in Evidence Table 1

  • Allaart, 2006 – found under Goekoop-Ruiterman 2005
  • Askling, 2005
  • Askling, 2005
  • Askling, 2005
  • Askling, 2009
  • Baecklund, 2006
  • Bathon, 2000
  • Bergstrom, 2004
  • Bernatsky, 2007
  • Boers, 1997
  • Brassard, 2006
  • Brassard, 2009
  • Breedveld, 2006
  • Brown, 2002
  • Burmester
  • Cannon, 2004
  • Capell, 2006
  • Chakravarty, 2005
  • Choy, 2008
  • Chung, 2003
  • Cohen, 2001 – found under Strand 1999
  • Cohen, 2006
  • Combe, 2006
  • Combe, 2009
  • Curtis, 2007
  • Curtis, 2007
  • Curtis, 2007
  • DeBandt, 2005
  • den Broeder, 2007
  • Dixon, 2006
  • Dixon, 2007
  • Dixon, 2010
  • Doran, 2002
  • Dougados, 1999
  • Duclos, 2006
  • Edwards, 2007
  • Emery, 2000
  • Emery, 2006
  • Emery, 2008
  • Emery, 2008
  • Emery, 2009
  • Emery, 2010
  • Emery, 2010
  • Feltelius, 2005
  • Fernandez-Nebro, 2007
  • Fleischmann, 2003
  • Fleischmann, 2006 – found under Fleischmann 2003
  • Fleischmann, 2009
  • Flendrie, 2003
  • Flendrie, 2005
  • Fuerst, 2006
  • Furst, 2003
  • Galloway, 2011
  • Geborek, 2002
  • Geborek, 2005
  • Genovese, 2002 – found under Bathon 2000
  • Genovese, 2004
  • Genovese, 2005 – found under Bathon 2000
  • Genovese, 2008
  • Goekoop-Ruiterman, 2005
  • Goekoop-Ruiterman, 2007 – found under Goekoop-Ruiterman 2005
  • Gomez-Reino, 2003
  • Greenberg, 2010
  • Grijalva, 2007
  • Grijalva, 2010
  • Haagsma, 1997
  • Harley, 2003
  • Harrison, 2009
  • Hetland, 2010
  • Hjardem, 2007
  • Hyrich, 2006 [Change ET to say 2006] in 2003 file
  • Hyrich, 2007
  • Jacobsson, 2005
  • Karanikola, 2008
  • Karstila, 2010
  • Kawakami, 2010
  • Kay, 2008
  • Keane, 2001
  • Keystone, 2008
  • Keystone, 2009
  • Kim, 2007
  • Kirwan, 2004
  • Klareskog, 2004
  • Korpela, 2004 – found under Mottonen 1999
  • Kremer, 2002
  • Kremer, 2006
  • Kremer, 2010
  • kristensen, 2006
  • kristensen, 2006
  • Kwon, 2003
  • Lacaille, 2008
  • Langer, 2003
  • Lebwohl, 2005
  • Lee, 2002
  • Lee, 2008
  • Li, 2010
  • Listing, 2005
  • Listing, 2008
  • Maini, 2004 – found under Breedveld 2004
  • Malyshev, 2008
  • Marchesoni, 2009
  • McDonald, 2009
  • Michaud, 2006
  • Migliore, 2009
  • Miyasaka, 2008
  • Mohan, 2001
  • Mohan, 2004
  • Nadareishvili, 2008
  • Naranjo, 2008
  • Nishimoto, 2009
  • Nuki, 2002
  • O’Dell, 1996
  • O’Dell, 2002
  • O’Dell, 2006
  • Osiri, 2002
  • Pallavicini, 2010
  • Pan, 2009
  • Russell, 2007
  • Saag, 1994
  • Salliot, 2006
  • Schaible, 2000
  • Schiff, 2006
  • Schiff, 2008
  • Schipper, 2009
  • Schneeweiss, 2007
  • Setoguchi, 2006
  • Setoguchi, 2008
  • Shin, 2006
  • Slifman, 2003
  • Smitten, 2007
  • Smitten, 2008
  • Smolen, 1999
  • Smolen, 1999
  • Smolen, 2008
  • Smolen, 2009
  • Sokolove, 2010
  • Solomon, 2006
  • St. Clair, 2004
  • Strand, 1999
  • Strand, 2006
  • Strangfeld, 2009
  • Strangfeld, 2010
  • Suissa, 2004
  • Suissa, 2006
  • Suissa, 2006
  • Svensson, 2003
  • Svensson, 2005
  • van der Heijde, 2006 –f ound under Klareskog 2004
  • van der Heijde, 2006 – found under Klareskog 2004
  • van der Kooij, 2009 – found under Goekoop-Ruiterman 2005
  • van Halm, 2006
  • van Riel, 2006
  • van Vollenhoven, 2009
  • Wallis, 2004
  • Wasserman, 2004
  • Weinblatt, 1999
  • Weinblatt, 2006
  • Weinblatt, 2006
  • Weinblatt, 2007
  • Westhovens, 2006
  • Westhovens, 2009
  • Wolfe, 2004
  • Wolfe, 2004
  • Wolfe, 2004
  • Wolfe, 2006
  • Wolfe, 2007
  • Wolfe, 2007
  • Wolfe, 2007
  • Zhang, 2006
  • Zink, 2005

Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses found in Evidence Table 2

  • Alonso-Ruiz, 2008
  • Bernatsky, 2010
  • Bongartz, 2006
  • Bongartz, 2009
  • Gartlehner, 2006
  • Leombruno, 2009
  • Maetzel, 2000
  • Martinez Lopez, 2009
  • Mertens, 2009
  • Osiri, 2002, 2009
  • Salliot, 2009
  • Schipper, 2009
  • Singh, 2009
  • Singh, 2009
  • Singh, 2010
  • Singh, 2010
  • Wiens, 2009
  • Wiens, 2010

KQ4

RCTs and other studies found in Evidence Table 1

  • Keystone, 2009
  • Schiff, 2004
  • Schiff, 2006 – found under Fleischmann 2003
  • Solomon, 2006
  • Tesser, 2004 – found under Fleischmann 2003

Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses found in Evidence Table 2

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trial Archive Group, 1995

Abbreviations used in the evidence tables

ACR

American College of Rheumatology

ADA

adalimumab

AEs

adverse events

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AIMS

Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales

ANA

anakinra

ARA

American Rheumatism Association criteria (pre-1987)

AS

ankylosing spondylitis

ASHI

Arthritis-Specific Health Index (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form SF-36 Arthritis-specific Health Index)

AUC

area under the curve

BUD

budesonide

Ccs

corticosteroids

CFS

chronic fatigue syndrome

CHF

coronary heart failure

Cm

centimeters

Combo

combination therapy

CI

confidence interval

CHD

coronary heart disease

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

CRP

C-reactive protein

CVD

cardiovascular disease

CXT

cyclophosamide

CYP

cyclosporine

Ds

days

DM

diabetes mellitus

DAS

Disease Activity Score

DMARD

disease modifying antirheumatic drug

D-HAQ

Dutch version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)

EQ-5D–

Quality of Life Questionnaire

ESR

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

ETA

etanercept

EULAR

European League against Rheumatism

EuroQol EQ-5D

European Quality of Life Questionnaire

EuroQOL VAS

European Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale

GI

gastrointestinal

HAQ

Health Assessment Questionnaire

HAQ-DI

Disability Index of the Heath Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus

HLA-DR4

Human immune-response, D-related antigen encoded by the D locus on chromosome 6

HR

hazard ratio

HRQOL

health related quality of life

ICD

International Classification of Diseases

INF

infliximab

ISRs

injection site reactions

ITT

intention to treat

JRA

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

HCQ

hydroxychloroquine

JSN

joint space narrowing

LEF

leflunomide

MTX

methotrexate

Mg

milligrams

mSharp Scale

Modified Sharp Method for Scoring Radiographs

mos

months

MHAQ

Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire

NSAIDs

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

NSFHS

National Survey of Functional Health Status

NA

not applicable

NMSC

non-melanoma skin cancer

NR

not reported

NS

not significant

NYHA

New York Heart Association

OA

osteoarthritis

OR

odds ratio

OMERACT

Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials

PASI

Psoriasis Area and Severity Index

PNL

prednisolone

PRED

prednisone

PsA

psoriatic arthritis

PsARC

Psoriatic Arthritis Response Scale

Pt

patient

PY

person-year

QOL

quality of life

RCT

randomized controlled trial

RAI

Ritchie Articular Index

RA

rheumatoid arthritis

RDS

radiological damage score

RF

rheumatoid factor

RIT

rituximab

RR

risk ratio

SAEs

serious adverse events

SAARDs

slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs

SCC

squamous cell carcinoma

SD

standard deviation

SF-36

Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Health Survey

SJC

swollen joint count

SHS

Sharp/van der Heijde Method (SHS) for Scoring Radiographs

SIR

standardized incidence ratio

SLE

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

SMR

standardized morbidity ratio

SSZ

sulfasalazine

SSTG

South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group

TB

Tuberculosis

TIM

targeted immune modulator

TJC

tender joint count

TNF

tumor necrosis factor

Txt

treatment

URTI

upper respiratory tract infection

UTI

urinary tract infection

vs.

versus

yrs

years

w/

with

w/in

with in

w/o

with out

References

1.
Askling J, Fored CM, Brandt L, et al. Risk and case characteristics of tuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis associated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists in Sweden. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Jul;52(7):1986–92. [PubMed: 15986370]
2.
Askling J, Fored CM, Brandt L, et al. Risks of solid cancers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and after treatment with tumour necrosis factor antagonists. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Oct;64(10):1421–6. [PMC free article: PMC1755244] [PubMed: 15829572]
3.
Askling J, Fored CM, Baecklund E, et al. Haematopoietic malignancies in rheumatoid arthritis: lymphoma risk and characteristics after exposure to tumour necrosis factor antagonists. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Oct;64(10):1414–20. [PMC free article: PMC1755232] [PubMed: 15843454]
4.
Askling J, van Vollenhoven RF, Granath F, et al. Cancer risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapies: does the risk change with the time since start of treatment? Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(11):3180–9. [PubMed: 19877027]
5.
Baecklund E, Iliadou A, Askling J, et al. Association of chronic inflammation, not its treatment, with increased lymphoma risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Mar;54(3):692–701. [PubMed: 16508929]
6.
Bathon JM, Martin RW, Fleischmann RM, et al. A comparison of etanercept and methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2000 Nov 30;343(22):1586–93. [PubMed: 11096165]
7.
Genovese MC, Bathon JM, Martin RW, et al. Etanercept versus methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: two-year radiographic and clinical outcomes. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Jun;46(6):1443–50. [PubMed: 12115173]
8.
Kosinski M, Kujawski SC, Martin R, et al. Health-related quality of life in early rheumatoid arthritis: impact of disease and treatment response. Am J Manag Care. 2002 Mar;8(3):231–40. [PubMed: 11915973]
9.
Genovese MC, Bathon JM, Fleischmann RM, et al. Longterm safety, efficacy, and radiographic outcome with etanercept treatment in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005 Jul;32(7):1232–42. [PubMed: 15996057]
10.
Bergstrom L, Yocum DE, Ampel NM, et al. Increased risk of coccidioidomycosis in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Jun;50(6):1959–66. [PubMed: 15188373]
11.
Bernatsky S, Hudson M, Suissa S. Anti-rheumatic drug use and risk of serious infections in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46(7):1157–60. [PubMed: 17478469]
12.
Boers M, Verhoeven AC, Markusse HM, et al. Randomised comparison of combined step-down prednisolone, methotrexate and sulphasalazine with sulphasalazine alone in early rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 1997 Aug 2;350(9074):309–18. [PubMed: 9251634]
13.
Landewe RB, Boers M, Verhoeven AC, et al. COBRA combination therapy in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: long-term structural benefits of a brief intervention. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Feb;46(2):347–56. [PubMed: 11840436]
14.
Brassard P, Lowe AM, Bernatsky S, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis, its treatments, and the risk of tuberculosis in Quebec, Canada. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61(3):300–4. [PubMed: 19248128]
15.
Brassard P, Kezouh A, Suissa S. Antirheumatic drugs and the risk of tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(6):717–22. [PubMed: 16912945]
16.
Breedveld FC, Weisman MH, Kavanaugh AF, et al. The PREMIER study: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of combination therapy with adalimumab plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone or adalimumab alone in patients with early, aggressive rheumatoid arthritis who had not had previous methotrexate treatment. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Jan;54(1):26–37. [PubMed: 16385520]
17.
Breedveld FC, Emery P, Keystone E, et al. Infliximab in active early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(2):149–55. [PMC free article: PMC1754899] [PubMed: 14722203]
18.
Maini RN, Breedveld FC, Kalden JR, et al. Sustained improvement over two years in physical function, structural damage, and signs and symptoms among patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab and methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Apr;50(4):1051–65. [PubMed: 15077287]
19.
Smolen JS, Han C, Bala M, et al. Evidence of radiographic benefit of treatment with infliximab plus methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients who had no clinical improvement: a detailed subanalysis of data from the anti-tumor necrosis factor trial in rheumatoid arthritis with concomitant therapy study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(4):1020–30. [PubMed: 15818697]
20.
Brown SL, Greene MH, Gershon SK, et al. Tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy and lymphoma development: twenty-six cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Dec;46(12):3151–8. [PubMed: 12483718]
21.
Burmester GR, Mariette X, Montecucco C, et al. Adalimumab alone and in combination with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice: the Research in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (ReAct) trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(6):732–9. [PMC free article: PMC1954645] [PubMed: 17329305]
22.
Cannon GW, Holden WL, Juhaeri J, et al. Adverse events with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD): a cohort study of leflunomide compared with other DMARD. J Rheumatol. 2004 Oct;31(10):1906–11. [PubMed: 15468352]
23.
Capell H, Madhok R, Porter D, et al. Combination therapy with sulphasalazine and methotrexate is more effective than either drug alone in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients with a suboptimal response to sulphasalazine: Results from the double blind placebo controlled mascot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Feb;66(2):235–41. [PMC free article: PMC1798490] [PubMed: 16926184]
24.
Chakravarty EF, Michaud K, Wolfe F. Skin cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. J Rheumatol. 2005 Nov;32(11):2130–5. [PubMed: 16265690]
25.
Choy EH, Smith CM, Farewell V, et al. Factorial randomised controlled trial of glucocorticoids and combination disease modifying drugs in early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(5):656–63. [PubMed: 17768173]
26.
Chung ES, Packer M, Lo KH, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial of infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure: results of the anti-TNF Therapy Against Congestive Heart Failure (ATTACH) trial. Circulation. 2003 Jul 1;107(25):3133–40. [PubMed: 12796126]
27.
Cohen SB, Emery P, Greenwald MW, et al. Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(9):2793–806. [PubMed: 16947627]
28.
Keystone E, Burmester GR, Furie R, et al. Improvement in patient-reported outcomes in a rituximab trial in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(6):785–93. [PubMed: 18512710]
29.
Keystone E, Emery P, Peterfy CG, et al. Rituximab inhibits structural joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(2):216–21. [PubMed: 18388156]
30.
Combe BG, Codreanu C, Fiocco U, et al. Double-blind comparison of Etanercept and Sulphasalazine, alone and combined, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite receiving Sulphasalazine. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Apr 10 [PMC free article: PMC1798315] [PubMed: 16606651]
31.
Combe B, Codreanu C, Fiocco U, et al. Efficacy, safety and patient-reported outcomes of combination etanercept and sulfasalazine versus etanercept alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind randomised 2-year study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(7):1146–52. [PMC free article: PMC2689524] [PubMed: 18794178]
32.
Curtis JR, Patkar N, Xie A, et al. Risk of serious bacterial infections among rheumatoid arthritis patients exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(4):1125–33. [PubMed: 17393394]
33.
Curtis JR, Xi J, Patkar N, et al. Drug-specific and time-dependent risks of bacterial infection among patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(12):4226–7. [PMC free article: PMC2561262] [PubMed: 18050253]
34.
Curtis JR, Kramer JM, Martin C, et al. Heart failure among younger rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s patients exposed to TNF-alpha antagonists. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46(11):1688–93. [PMC free article: PMC2442887] [PubMed: 17938138]
35.
De Bandt M, Sibilia J, Le Loet X, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus induced by anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha therapy: a French national survey. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(3):R545–51. [PMC free article: PMC1174953] [PubMed: 15899041]
36.
den Broeder AA, Creemers MC, Fransen J, et al. Risk factors for surgical site infections and other complications in elective surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with special attention for anti-tumor necrosis factor: a large retrospective study. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(4):689–95. [PubMed: 17117492]
37.
Dixon WG, Watson K, Lunt M, et al. Rates of serious infection, including site-specific and bacterial intracellular infection, in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: Results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Jul 25;54(8):2368–76. [PubMed: 16868999]
38.
Dixon WG, Watson KD, Lunt M, et al. Reduction in the incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who respond to anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: Results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2007;56(9):2905–12. [PMC free article: PMC2435427] [PubMed: 17763428]
39.
Dixon WG, Hyrich KL, Watson KD, et al. Drug-specific risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (BSRBR). Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(3):522–8. [PMC free article: PMC2927681] [PubMed: 19854715]
40.
Doran MF, Crowson CS, Pond GR, et al. Predictors of infection in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Sep;46(9):2294–300. [PubMed: 12355476]
41.
Dougados M, Combe B, Cantagrel A, et al. Combination therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, controlled, double blind 52 week clinical trial of sulphasalazine and methotrexate compared with the single components. Ann Rheum Dis. 1999;58(4):220–5. [PMC free article: PMC1752864] [PubMed: 10364900]
42.
Maillefert JF, Combe B, Goupille P, et al. Long term structural effects of combination therapy in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: five year follow up of a prospective double blind controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(8):764–6. [PMC free article: PMC1754629] [PubMed: 12860733]
43.
Duclos M, Gossec L, Ruyssen-Witrand A, et al. Retention rates of tumor necrosis factor blockers in daily practice in 770 rheumatic patients. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(12):2433–8. [PubMed: 17014004]
44.
Edwards CJ, Cooper C, Fisher D, et al. The importance of the disease process and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatment in the development of septic arthritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(7):1151–7. [PubMed: 17907232]
45.
Emery P, Breedveld FC, Lemmel EM, et al. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of leflunomide and methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000;39(6):655–65. [PubMed: 10888712]
46.
Emery P, Fleischmann R, Filipowicz-Sosnowska A, et al. The efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate treatment - results of a phase IIb randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 May 1;54(May):1390–400. [PubMed: 16649186]
47.
Emery P, Kosinski M, Li T, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with abatacept and methotrexate significantly improved health-related quality of life. J Rheumatol. 2006 Apr 01;33(Apr):681–9. [PubMed: 16568505]
48.
Emery P, Breedveld FC, Hall S, et al. Comparison of methotrexate monotherapy with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept in active, early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (COMET): a randomised, double-blind, parallel treatment trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9636):375–82. [PubMed: 18635256]
49.
Emery P, Keystone E, Tony HP, et al. IL-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab improves treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor biologicals: results from a 24-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(11):1516–23. [PMC free article: PMC3811149] [PubMed: 18625622]
50.
Emery P, Fleischmann RM, Moreland LW, et al. Golimumab, a human anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody, injected subcutaneously every four weeks in methotrexate-naive patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: twenty-four-week results of a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of golimumab before methotrexate as first-line therapy for early-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(8):2272–83. [PubMed: 19644849]
51.
Emery P, Breedveld F, van der Heijde D, et al. Two-year clinical and radiographic results with combination etanercept-methotrexate therapy versus monotherapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: a two-year, double-blind, randomized study. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(3):674–82. [PubMed: 20187135]
52.
Emery P, Deodhar A, Rigby WF, et al. Efficacy and safety of different doses and retreatment of rituximab: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in patients who are biological naive with active rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate (Study Evaluating Rituximab’s Efficacy in MTX iNadequate rEsponders (SERENE)). Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(9):1629–35. [PMC free article: PMC2938895] [PubMed: 20488885]
53.
Feltelius N, Fored CM, Blomqvist P, et al. Results from a nationwide postmarketing cohort study of patients in Sweden treated with etanercept. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Feb;64(2):246–52. [PMC free article: PMC1755333] [PubMed: 15208177]
54.
Fernandez-Nebro A, Irigoyen MV, Urena I, et al. Effectiveness, predictive response factors, and safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapies in anti-TNF-naive rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(12):2334–42. [PubMed: 17985409]
55.
Finckh A, Ciurea A, Brulhart L, et al. B cell depletion may be more effective than switching to an alternative anti-tumor necrosis factor agent in rheumatoid arthritis patients with inadequate response to anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(5):1417–23. [PubMed: 17469098]
56.
Finckh A, Dehler S, Gabay C. The effectiveness of leflunomide as a co-therapy of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(1):33–9. [PubMed: 18230627]
57.
Fleischmann RM, Schechtman J, Bennett R, et al. Anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (r-metHuIL-1ra), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A large, international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Apr;48(4):927–34. [PubMed: 12687534]
58.
Tesser J, Fleischmann R, Dore R, et al. Concomitant medication use in a large, international, multicenter, placebo controlled trial of anakinra, a recombinant interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(4):649–54. [PubMed: 15088288]
59.
Schiff MH, DiVittorio G, Tesser J, et al. The safety of anakinra in high-risk patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: six-month observations of patients with comorbid conditions. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Jun;50(6):1752–60. [PubMed: 15188350]
60.
Fleischmann RM, Tesser J, Schiff MH, et al. Safety of extended treatment with anakinra in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Aug;65(8):1006–12. [PMC free article: PMC1798263] [PubMed: 16396977]
61.
Fleischmann R, Vencovsky J, van Vollenhoven RF, et al. Efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol monotherapy every 4 weeks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis failing previous disease-modifying antirheumatic therapy: the FAST4WARD study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Jun;68(6):805–11. [PMC free article: PMC2674555] [PubMed: 19015206]
62.
Flendrie M, Creemers MC, Welsing PM, et al. Survival during treatment with tumour necrosis factor blocking agents in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Nov;62 Suppl 2:ii30–3. [PMC free article: PMC1766750] [PubMed: 14532145]
63.
Flendrie M, Vissers WH, Creemers MC, et al. Dermatological conditions during TNF-alpha-blocking therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(3):R666–76. [PMC free article: PMC1174960] [PubMed: 15899052]
64.
Fuerst M, Mohl H, Baumgartel K, et al. Leflunomide increases the risk of early healing complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Rheumatol Int. 2006;26(12):1138–42. [PubMed: 16736164]
65.
Furst DE, Schiff MH, Fleischmann RM, et al. Adalimumab, a fully human anti tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody, and concomitant standard antirheumatic therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: results of STAR (Safety Trial of Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis). J Rheumatol. 2003 Dec;30(12):2563–71. [PubMed: 14719195]
66.
Galloway JB, Hyrich KL, Mercer LK, et al. Anti-TNF therapy is associated with an increased risk of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis especially in the first 6 months of treatment: updated results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register with special emphasis on risks in the elderly. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2011;50(1):124–31. [PMC free article: PMC3105607] [PubMed: 20675706]
67.
Geborek P, Crnkic M, Petersson IF, et al. Etanercept, infliximab, and leflunomide in established rheumatoid arthritis: clinical experience using a structured follow up programme in southern Sweden. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002 Sep;61(9):793–8. [PMC free article: PMC1754224] [PubMed: 12176803]
68.
Geborek P, Bladstrom A, Turesson C, et al. Tumour necrosis factor blockers do not increase overall tumour risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but may be associated with an increased risk of lymphomas. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 May;64(5):699–703. [PMC free article: PMC1755491] [PubMed: 15695534]
69.
Genovese MC, Cohen S, Moreland L, et al. Combination therapy with etanercept and anakinra in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have been treated unsuccessfully with methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 May;50(5):1412–9. [PubMed: 15146410]
70.
Genovese MC, McKay JD, Nasonov EL, et al. Interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab reduces disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: the tocilizumab in combination with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy study. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2008;58(10):2968–80. [PubMed: 18821691]
71.
Goekoop-Ruiterman YP, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, Allaart CF, et al. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of four different treatment strategies in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (the BeSt study): a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Nov;52(11):3381–90. [PubMed: 16258899]
72.
Allaart CF, Goekoop-Ruiterman YP, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, et al. Aiming at low disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis with initial combination therapy or initial monotherapy strategies: the BeSt study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006 Nov–Dec;24(6 Suppl 43):S-77–82. [PubMed: 17083767]
73.
Goekoop-Ruiterman YPM, De Vries-Bouwstra JK, Allaart CF, et al. Comparison of treatment strategies in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(6):406–15. [PubMed: 17371885]
74.
van der Kooij SM, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, Goekoop-Ruiterman YP, et al. Patient-reported outcomes in a randomized trial comparing four different treatment strategies in recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Jan 15;61(1):4–12. [PubMed: 19116965]
75.
van der Kooij SM, Goekoop-Ruiterman YP, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, et al. Drug-free remission, functioning and radiographic damage after 4 years of response-driven treatment in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):914–21. [PubMed: 18662933]
76.
Gomez-Reino JJ, Carmona L, Valverde VR, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors may predispose to significant increase in tuberculosis risk: a multicenter active-surveillance report. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Aug;48(8):2122–7. [PubMed: 12905464]
77.
Greenberg JD, Reed G, Kremer JM, et al. Association of methotrexate and tumour necrosis factor antagonists with risk of infectious outcomes including opportunistic infections in the CORRONA registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(2):380–6. [PMC free article: PMC2861900] [PubMed: 19359261]
78.
Grijalva CG, Chung CP, Arbogast PG, et al. Assessment of adherence to and persistence on disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Med Care. 2007;45(10 Supl 2):S66–76. [PubMed: 17909386]
79.
Grijalva CG, Kaltenbach L, Arbogast PG, et al. Initiation of rheumatoid arthritis treatments and the risk of serious infections. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010:4982–90. [PMC free article: PMC2909794] [PubMed: 19906833]
80.
Haagsma CJ, van Riel PL, de Jong AJ, et al. Combination of sulphasalazine and methotrexate versus the single components in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, 52 week clinical trial. Br J Rheumatol. 1997;36(10):1082–8. [PubMed: 9374925]
81.
Harley CR, Frytak JR, Tandon N. Treatment compliance and dosage administration among rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving infliximab, etanercept, or methotrexate. Am J Manag Care. 2003 Oct;9(6 Suppl):S136–43. [PubMed: 14577718]
82.
Harrison MJ, Dixon WG, Watson KD, et al. Rates of new-onset psoriasis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(2):209–15. [PMC free article: PMC2605571] [PubMed: 18385277]
83.
Hetland ML, Christensen IJ, Tarp U, et al. Direct comparison of treatment responses, remission rates, and drug adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab results from eight years of surveillance of clinical practice in the Nationwide Danish DANBIO Registry. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(1):22–32. [PubMed: 20039405]
84.
Hjardem E, Ostergaard M, Podenphant J, et al. Do rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical practice benefit from switching from infliximab to a second tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor? Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(9):1184–9. [PMC free article: PMC1955158] [PubMed: 17389656]
85.
Hoff M, Kvien TK, Kalvesten J, et al. Adalimumab therapy reduces hand bone loss in early rheumatoid arthritis: explorative analyses from the PREMIER study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(7):1171–6. [PMC free article: PMC2689520] [PubMed: 18801760]
86.
Hyrich KL, Symmons DP, Watson KD, et al. Comparison of the response to infliximab or etanercept monotherapy with the response to cotherapy with methotrexate or another disease-modifying antirheumatic drug in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 May 30;54(6):1786–94. [PubMed: 16736520]
87.
Hyrich KL, Watson KD, Silman AJ, et al. Predictors of response to anti-TNF-alpha therapy among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Rheumatology. 2006;45(Dec):1558–65. [PubMed: 16705046]
88.
Hyrich KL, Lunt M, Watson KD, et al. Outcomes after switching from one anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agent to a second anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a large UK national cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(1):13–20. [PubMed: 17195186]
89.
Jacobsson LT, Turesson C, Gulfe A, et al. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor blockers is associated with a lower incidence of first cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005 Jul;32(7):1213–8. [PubMed: 15996054]
90.
Karanikolas G, Charalambopoulos D, Vaiopoulos G, et al. Adjunctive anakinra in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate, or leflunomide, or cyclosporin-A monotherapy: a 48-week, comparative, prospective study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47(9):1384–8. [PubMed: 18603660]
91.
Kavanaugh A, Klareskog L, van der Heijde D, et al. Improvements in clinical response between 12 and 24 weeks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on etanercept therapy with or without methotrexate. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(10):1444–7. [PMC free article: PMC2566536] [PubMed: 18535115]
92.
Klareskog L, van der Heijde D, de Jager JP, et al. Therapeutic effect of the combination of etanercept and methotrexate compared with each treatment alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004 Feb 28;363(9410):675–81. [PubMed: 15001324]
93.
Kay J, Matteson EL, Dasgupta B, et al. Golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite treatment with methotrexate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(4):964–75. [PubMed: 18383539]
94.
Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med. 2001 Oct 11;345(15):1098–104. [PubMed: 11596589]
95.
Keystone E, Heijde D, Mason D Jr, et al. Certolizumab pegol plus methotrexate is significantly more effective than placebo plus methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis: findings of a fifty-two-week, phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(11):3319–29. [PubMed: 18975346]
96.
Keystone E, Freundlich B, Schiff M, et al. Patients with moderate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) achieve better disease activity states with etanercept treatment than patients with severe RA. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(3):522–31. [PubMed: 19228659]
97.
Keystone EC, Genovese MC, Klareskog L, et al. Golimumab, a human antibody to tumour necrosis factor {alpha} given by monthly subcutaneous injections, in active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy: the GO-FORWARD Study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):789–96. [PMC free article: PMC2674549] [PubMed: 19066176]
98.
Keystone E, Genovese MC, Klareskog L, et al. Golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy: 52-week results of the GO-FORWARD study. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2010;(6):1129–35. [PubMed: 20444749]
99.
Kievit W, Adang EM, Fransen J, et al. The effectiveness and medication costs of three anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis from prospective clinical practice data. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(9):1229–34. [PubMed: 18174220]
100.
Kim HY, Lee SK, Song YW, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study of the human anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody adalimumab administered as subcutaneous injections in Korean rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate. APLAR J Rheumatol. 2007;10(1):9–16.
101.
Kirwan JR, Hallgren R, Mielants H, et al. A randomised placebo controlled 12 week trial of budesonide and prednisolone in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(6):688–95. [PMC free article: PMC1755023] [PubMed: 15140776]
102.
van der Heijde D, Klareskog L, Boers M, et al. Comparison of different definitions to classify remission and sustained remission: 1 year TEMPO results. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Nov;64(11):1582–7. [PMC free article: PMC1755254] [PubMed: 15860509]
103.
van der Heijde D, Klareskog L, Singh A, et al. Patient reported outcomes in a trial of combination therapy with etanercept and methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis: the TEMPO trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Mar;65(3):328–34. [PMC free article: PMC1798055] [PubMed: 16079172]
104.
van der Heijde D, Klareskog L, Rodriguez-Valverde V, et al. Comparison of etanercept and methotrexate, alone and combined, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: two-year clinical and radiographic results from the TEMPO study, a double-blind, randomized trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Apr;54(4):1063–74. [PubMed: 16572441]
105.
Kremer JM, Genovese MC, Cannon GW, et al. Concomitant leflunomide therapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite stable doses of methotrexate. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137(9):726–33. [PubMed: 12416946]
106.
Kremer JL, Blanco R, Brzosko M, et al. Tocilizumab inhibits structural joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis patients with inadequate responses to methotrexate at 1 year: The LITHE study. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 [PubMed: 21360490]
107.
Kristensen LE, Saxne T, Geborek P. The LUNDEX, a new index of drug efficacy in clinical practice: results of a five-year observational study of treatment with infliximab and etanercept among rheumatoid arthritis patients in southern Sweden. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Feb;54(2):600–6. [PubMed: 16447237]
108.
Kristensen LE, Saxne T, Nilsson JA, et al. Impact of concomitant DMARD therapy on adherence to treatment with etanercept and infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis. Results from a six-year observational study in southern Sweden. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(6):R174. [PMC free article: PMC1794519] [PubMed: 17121678]
109.
Kristensen LE, Christensen R, Bliddal H, et al. The number needed to treat for adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab based on ACR50 response in three randomized controlled trials on established rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic literature review. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 2007;36(6):411–7. [PubMed: 18092260]
110.
Lacaille D, Guh DP, Abrahamowicz M, et al. Use of nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and risk of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(8):1074–81. [PubMed: 18668604]
111.
Langer HE, Missler-Karger B. Kineret: efficacy and safety in daily clinical practice: an interim analysis of the Kineret response assessment initiative (kreative) protocol. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 2003;23(4):119–28. [PubMed: 15224501]
112.
Lebwohl M, Blum R, Berkowitz E, et al. No evidence for increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving etanercept for up to 5 years. Arch Dermatol. 2005 Jul;141(7):861–4. [PubMed: 16027301]
113.
Lee JH, Slifman NR, Gershon SK, et al. Life-threatening histoplasmosis complicating immunotherapy with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists infliximab and etanercept. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Oct;46(10):2565–70. [PubMed: 12384912]
114.
Lee YH, Woo JH, Rho YH, et al. Meta-analysis of the combination of TNF inhibitors plus MTX compared to MTX monotherapy, and the adjusted indirect comparison of TNF inhibitors in patients suffering from active rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology international. 2008;28(6):553–9. [PubMed: 17943257]
115.
Li T, Gignac M, Wells G, et al. Decreased external home help use with improved clinical status in rheumatoid arthritis: an exploratory analysis of the Abatacept in Inadequate responders to Methotrexate (AIM) trial. Clin Ther. 2008;30(4):734–48. [PubMed: 18498922]
116.
Kremer JM, Genant HK, Moreland LW, et al. Effects of abatacept in patients with methotrexate-resistant active rheumatoid arthritis - a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Dec;144:865–76. [PubMed: 16785475]
117.
Li P, Blum MA, Von Feldt J, et al. Adherence, discontinuation, and switching of biologic therapies in medicaid enrollees with rheumatoid arthritis. Value Health. 2010;13(6):805–12. [PubMed: 21054657]
118.
Listing J, Strangfeld A, Kary S, et al. Infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologic agents. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Nov;52(11):3403–12. [PubMed: 16255017]
119.
Listing J, Strangfeld A, Rau R, et al. Clinical and functional remission: even though biologics are superior to conventional DMARDs overall success rates remain low--results from RABBIT, the German biologics register. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(3):R66. [PMC free article: PMC1526636] [PubMed: 16600016]
120.
Listing J, Strangfeld A, Kekow J, et al. Does tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition promote or prevent heart failure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(3):667–77. [PubMed: 18311816]
121.
Maini RN, Taylor PC, Szechinski J, et al. Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab, in European patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an incomplete response to methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(9):2817–29. [PubMed: 16947782]
122.
Malysheva OA, Wahle M, Wagner U, et al. Low-dose prednisolone in rheumatoid arthritis: adverse effects of various disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(6):979–85. [PubMed: 18412314]
123.
Marchesoni A, Zaccara E, Gorla R, et al. TNF-alpha antagonist survival rate in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients observed under conditions of standard clinical practice. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009:1173837–46. [PubMed: 19758236]
124.
McDonald JR, Zeringue AL, Caplan L, et al. Herpes zoster risk factors in a national cohort of veterans with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(10):1364–71. [PMC free article: PMC2743911] [PubMed: 19368499]
125.
Mease PJ, Revicki DA, Szechinski J, et al. Improved health-related quality of life for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving rituximab: results of the Dose-Ranging Assessment: International Clinical Evaluation of Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis (DANCER) Trial. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(1):20–30. [PubMed: 18050385]
126.
Michaud K, Wolfe F. The association of rheumatoid arthritis and its treatment with sinus disease. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(12):2412–5. [PubMed: 17143978]
127.
Migliore A, Bizzi E, Lagana B, et al. The safety of anti-TNF agents in the elderly. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2009;22(2):415–26. [PubMed: 19505394]
128.
Miyasaka N. Clinical investigation in highly disease-affected rheumatoid arthritis patients in Japan with adalimumab applying standard and general evaluation: the CHANGE study. Mod Rheumatol. 2008;18(3):252–62. [PMC free article: PMC2668560] [PubMed: 18330677]
129.
Mohan N, Edwards ET, Cupps TR, et al. Demyelination occurring during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy for inflammatory arthritides. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Dec;44(12):2862–9. [PubMed: 11762947]
130.
Mohan AK, Cote TR, Block JA, et al. Tuberculosis following the use of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 1;39(3):295–9. [PubMed: 15306993]
131.
Mottonen T, Hannonen P, Leirisalo-Repo M, et al. Comparison of Combination Therapy With Single-Drug Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Randomised Trial. Lancet. 1999;353(9164):1568–73. [PubMed: 10334255]
132.
Korpela M, Laasonen L, Hannonen P, et al. Retardation of joint damage in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis by initial aggressive treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: five-year experience from the Fin-Raco Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(7):2072–81. [PubMed: 15248204]
133.
Puolakka K, Kautiainen H, Mottonen T, et al. Impact of initial aggressive drug treatment with a combination of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on the development of work disability in early rheumatoid arthritis: a five-year randomized followup trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(1):55–62. [PubMed: 14730599]
134.
Mottonen T, Hannonen P, Korpela M, et al. Delay to Institution of Therapy and Induction of Remission Using Single-Drug or Combination-Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(4):894–8. [PubMed: 11953964]
135.
Nadareishvili Z, Michaud K, Hallenbeck JM, et al. Cardiovascular, rheumatologic, and pharmacologic predictors of stroke in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nested, case-control study. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(8):1090–6. [PMC free article: PMC2778069] [PubMed: 18668583]
136.
Naranjo A, Sokka T, Descalzo MA, et al. Cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the QUEST-RA study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(2):R30. [PMC free article: PMC2453774] [PubMed: 18325087]
137.
Nishimoto N, Miyasaka N, Yamamoto K, et al. Study of active controlled tocilizumab monotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis patients with an inadequate response to methotrexate (SATORI): significant reduction in disease activity and serum vascular endothelial growth factor by IL-6 receptor inhibition therapy. Mod Rheumatol. 2009;19(1):12–9. [PMC free article: PMC2638601] [PubMed: 18979150]
138.
Nuki G, Bresnihan B, Bear MB, et al. Long-term safety and maintenance of clinical improvement following treatment with anakinra (recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: extension phase of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Nov;46(11):2838–46. [PubMed: 12428223]
139.
O’Dell JR, Haire CE, Erikson N, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate alone, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of all three medications. N Engl J Med. 1996 May 16;334(20):1287–91. [PubMed: 8609945]
140.
O’Dell JR, Leff R, Paulsen G, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and sulfasalazine, or a combination of the three medications: results of a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(5):1164–70. [PubMed: 12115219]
141.
O’Dell JR, Petersen K, Leff R, et al. Etanercept in combination with sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, or gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2006 Feb;33(2):213–8. [PubMed: 16358366]
142.
Osiri M, Shea B, Robinson V, et al. Leflunomide for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD002047. [PMC free article: PMC8437750] [PubMed: 12535423]
143.
Pallavicini FB, Caporali R, Sarzi-Puttini P, et al. Tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapy and cancer development: analysis of the LORHEN registry. Autoimmun Rev. 2010;9(3):175–80. [PubMed: 19647103]
144.
Pan SM, Dehler S, Ciurea A, et al. Comparison of drug retention rates and causes of drug discontinuation between anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61(5):560–8. [PubMed: 19405000]
145.
Russell AS, Wallenstein GV, Li T, et al. Abatacept improves both the physical and mental health of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have inadequate response to methotrexate treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Feb;66(2):189–94. [PMC free article: PMC1798514] [PubMed: 16984942]
146.
Saag KG, Koehnke R, Caldwell JR, et al. Low dose long-term corticosteroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of serious adverse events. Am J Med. 1994 Feb;96(2):115–23. [PubMed: 8109596]
147.
Salliot C, Gossec L, Ruyssen-Witrand A, et al. Infections during tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} blocker therapy for rheumatic diseases in daily practice: a systematic retrospective study of 709 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 July 31;46(2):327–34. 2006. [PubMed: 16880188]
148.
Schaible TF. Long term safety of infliximab. Can J Gastroenterol. 2000 Sep;14(Suppl C):29C–32C. [PubMed: 11023558]
149.
Schiff MH, Burmester GR, Kent JD, et al. Safety analyses of adalimumab (HUMIRA) in global clinical trials and US postmarketing surveillance of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Jul;65(7):889–94. [PMC free article: PMC1798196] [PubMed: 16439435]
150.
Schiff M, Keiserman M, Codding C, et al. Efficacy and safety of abatacept or infliximab vs placebo in ATTEST: a phase III, multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(8):1096–103. [PMC free article: PMC2564802] [PubMed: 18055472]
151.
Schipper LG, Fransen J, Barrera P, et al. Methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis after failure to sulphasalazine: to switch or to add? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48(10):1247–53. [PubMed: 19638454]
152.
Schneeweiss S, Setoguchi S, Weinblatt ME, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy and the risk of serious bacterial infections in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(6):1754–64. [PubMed: 17530704]
153.
Setoguchi S, Solomon DH, Weinblatt ME, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist use and cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Sep;54(9):2757–64. [PubMed: 16947774]
154.
Setoguchi S, Schneeweiss S, Avorn J, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist use and heart failure in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Am Heart J. 2008;156(2):336–41. [PMC free article: PMC3257055] [PubMed: 18657665]
155.
Shin IS, Baer AN, Kwon HJ, et al. Guillain-Barre and Miller Fisher syndromes occurring with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 May;54(5):1429–34. [PubMed: 16645971]
156.
Slifman NR, Gershon SK, Lee JH, et al. Listeria monocytogenes infection as a complication of treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agents. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Feb;48(2):319–24. [PubMed: 12571839]
157.
Smitten AL, Choi HK, Hochberg MC, et al. The risk of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the United States and the United Kingdom. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(8):1431–8. [PubMed: 18050184]
158.
Smitten AL, Choi HK, Hochberg MC, et al. The risk of hospitalized infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(3):387–93. [PubMed: 18260176]
159.
Smolen JS, Kalden JR, Scott DL, et al. Efficacy and safety of leflunomide compared with placebo and sulphasalazine in active rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet. 1999;353(9149):259–66. [PubMed: 9929017]
160.
Smolen JS. Efficacy and safety of the new DMARD leflunomide: comparison to placebo and sulfasalazine in active rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1999;112(Supplement):15–21. [PubMed: 10668523]
161.
Sharp JT, Strand V, Leung H, et al. Treatment with leflunomide slows radiographic progression of rheumatoid arthritis: results from three randomized controlled trials of leflunomide in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43(3):495–505. [PubMed: 10728741]
162.
Larsen A, Kvien TK, Schattenkirchner M, et al. Slowing of disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis patients during long-term treatment with leflunomide or sulfasalazine. Scand J Rheumatol. 2001;30(3):135–42. [PubMed: 11469522]
163.
Scott DL, Smolen JS, Kalden JR, et al. Treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis with leflunomide: two year follow up of a double blind, placebo controlled trial versus sulfasalazine. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(10):913–23. [PMC free article: PMC1753377] [PubMed: 11557646]
164.
Smolen JS, Beaulieu A, Rubbert-Roth A, et al. Effect of interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (OPTION study): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Lancet. 2008;371(9617):987–97. [PubMed: 18358926]
165.
Smolen J, Landewe RB, Mease P, et al. Efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol plus methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis: the RAPID 2 study. A randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):797–804. [PMC free article: PMC2674556] [PubMed: 19015207]
166.
Smolen JS, Han C, van der Heijde DM, et al. Radiographic changes in rheumatoid arthritis patients attaining different disease activity states with methotrexate monotherapy and infliximab plus methotrexate: the impacts of remission and tumour necrosis factor blockade. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):823–7. [PubMed: 18593759]
167.
Smolen JS, Kay J, Doyle MK, et al. Golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (GO-AFTER study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9685):210–21. [PubMed: 19560810]
168.
Sokolove J, Strand V, Greenberg JD, et al. Risk of elevated liver enzymes associated with TNF inhibitor utilisation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(9):1612–7. [PubMed: 20448284]
169.
Solomon DH, Avorn J, Katz JN, et al. Immunosuppressive medications and hospitalization for cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Dec 01;54(Dec):3790–8. [PubMed: 17136752]
170.
St Clair EW, van der Heijde DM, Smolen JS, et al. Combination of infliximab and methotrexate therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Nov;50(11):3432–43. [PubMed: 15529377]
171.
Smolen JS, Han C, van der Heijde D, et al. Infliximab treatment maintains employability in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Mar;54(3):716–22. [PubMed: 16508932]
172.
Strand V, Cohen S, Schiff M, et al. Treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis with leflunomide compared with placebo and methotrexate. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(21):2542–50. [PubMed: 10573044]
173.
Strand V, Tugwell P, Bombardier C, et al. Function and health-related quality of life: results from a randomized controlled trial of leflunomide versus methotrexate or placebo in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators Group. Arthritis Rheum. 1999 Sep;42(9):1870–8. [PubMed: 10513801]
174.
Cohen S, Cannon G, Schiff M, et al. Two-year, blinded, randomized, controlled trial of treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis with leflunomide compared with methotrexate. Utilization of leflunomide in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(9):1984–92. [PubMed: 11592358]
175.
Strand V, Balbir-Gurman A, Pavelka K, et al. Sustained benefit in rheumatoid arthritis following one course of rituximab: improvements in physical function over 2 years. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45(12):1505–13. [PubMed: 17062648]
176.
Strangfeld A, Listing J, Herzer P, et al. Risk of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF-alpha agents. Jama. 2009;301(7):737–44. [PubMed: 19224750]
177.
Strangfeld A, Hierse F, Rau R, et al. Risk of incident or recurrent malignancies among patients with rheumatoid arthritis exposed to biologic therapy in the German biologics register RABBIT. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(1):R5. [PMC free article: PMC2875631] [PubMed: 20064207]
178.
Suissa S, Ernst P, Hudson M, et al. Newer disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and the risk of serious hepatic adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med. 2004 Jul 15;117(2):87–92. [PubMed: 15234643]
179.
Suissa S, Hudson M, Ernst P. Leflunomide use and the risk of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 May;54(5):1435–9. [PubMed: 16645972]
180.
Suissa S, Bernatsky S, Hudson M. Antirheumatic drug use and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55(4):531–6. [PubMed: 16874796]
181.
Svensson B, Ahlmen M, Forslind K. Treatment of early RA in clinical practice: a comparative study of two different DMARD/corticosteroid options. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003 May–Jun;21(3):327–32. [PubMed: 12846051]
182.
Svensson B, Boonen A, Albertsson K, et al. Low-dose prednisolone in addition to the initial disease-modifying antirheumatic drug in patients with early active rheumatoid arthritis reduces joint destruction and increases the remission rate: a two-year randomized trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(11):3360–70. [PubMed: 16255010]
183.
van Halm VP, Nurmohamed MT, Twisk JW, et al. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a case control study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(5):R151. [PMC free article: PMC1779436] [PubMed: 16984661]
184.
van Riel PL, Taggart AJ, Sany J, et al. Efficacy and safety of combination etanercept and methotrexate versus etanercept alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to methotrexate: The ADORE study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Feb 7 [PMC free article: PMC1798368] [PubMed: 16464988]
185.
Van Riel PLCM, Freundlich B, MacPeek D, et al. Patient-reported health outcomes in a trial of etanercept monotherapy versus combination therapy with etanercept and methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis: The ADORE trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(8):1104–10. [PubMed: 17666447]
186.
van Vollenhoven RF, Ernestam S, Geborek P, et al. Addition of infliximab compared with addition of sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine to methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (Swefot trial): 1-year results of a randomised trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9688):459–66. [PubMed: 19665644]
187.
Wallis RS, Broder MS, Wong JY, et al. Granulomatous infectious diseases associated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 May 1;38(9):1261–5. [PubMed: 15127338]
188.
Wasserman MJ, Weber DA, Guthrie JA, et al. Infusion-related reactions to infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a clinical practice setting: relationship to dose, antihistamine pretreatment, and infusion number. J Rheumatol. 2004 Oct;31(10):1912–7. [PubMed: 15468353]
189.
Weaver AL, Lautzenheiser RL, Schiff MH, et al. Real-world effectiveness of select biologic and DMARD monotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the RADIUS observational registry. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006 Jan;22(1):185–98. [PubMed: 16393444]
190.
Weinblatt M, Combe B, Covucci A, et al. Safety of the selective costimulation modulator abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving background biologic and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A one-year randomized, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Aug 31;54(9):2807–16. [PubMed: 16947384]
191.
Weinblatt M, Schiff M, Goldman A, et al. Selective costimulation modulation using abatacept in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis while receiving etanercept: a randomised clinical trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Feb;66(2):228–34. [PMC free article: PMC1798511] [PubMed: 16935912]
192.
Wells G, Li T, Maxwell L, et al. Responsiveness of patient reported outcomes including fatigue, sleep quality, activity limitation, and quality of life following treatment with abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(2):260–5. [PubMed: 17846044]
193.
Westhovens R, Cole JC, Li T, et al. Improved health-related quality of life for rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with abatacept who have inadequate response to anti-TNF therapy in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre randomized clinical trial. Rheumatology. 2006;45(Oct):1238–46. [PubMed: 16567357]
194.
Hassett AL, Li T, Buyske S, et al. The multi-faceted assessment of independence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: preliminary validation from the ATTAIN study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24(5):1443–53. [PubMed: 18402714]
195.
Westhovens R, Yocum D, Han J, et al. The safety of infliximab, combined with background treatments, among patients with rheumatoid arthritis and various comorbidities: a large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Apr;54(4):1075–86. [PubMed: 16572442]
196.
Westhovens R, Robles M, Ximenes AC, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of abatacept in methotrexate-naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and poor prognostic factors. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Dec;68(12):1870–7. [PMC free article: PMC2770104] [PubMed: 19124524]
197.
Wolfe F, Michaud K. Lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritis: the effect of methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in 18,572 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Jun;50(6):1740–51. [PubMed: 15188349]
198.
Wolfe F, Michaud K. Heart failure in rheumatoid arthritis: rates, predictors, and the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Am J Med. 2004 Mar 1;116(5):305–11. [PubMed: 14984815]
199.
Wolfe F, Caplan L, Michaud K. Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia: associations with prednisone, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Feb;54(2):628–34. [PubMed: 16447241]
200.
Wolfe F, Caplan L, Michaud K. Rheumatoid arthritis treatment and the risk of severe interstitial lung disease. Scand J Rheumatol. 2007;36(3):172–8. [PubMed: 17657669]
201.
Wolfe F, Michaud K. The effect of methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy on the risk of lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritis in 19,562 patients during 89,710 person-years of observation. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(5):1433–9. [PubMed: 17469100]
202.
Wolfe F, Michaud K. Biologic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of malignancy: Analyses from a large US observational study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(9):2886–95. [PubMed: 17729297]
203.
Zhang FC, Hou Y, Huang F, et al. Infliximab versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate: a preliminary study from China. APLAR J Rheumatol. 2006;9(2):127–30.
204.
Zink A, Listing J, Kary S, et al. Treatment continuation in patients receiving biological agents or conventional DMARD therapy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Sep;64(9):1274–9. [PMC free article: PMC1755655] [PubMed: 15708884]
205.
Alonso-Ruiz A, Pijoan JI, Ansuategui E, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and metaanalysis of efficacy and safety. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2008;9 [PMC free article: PMC2377247] [PubMed: 18419803]
206.
Bergman GJ, Hochberg MC, Boers M, et al. Indirect comparison of tocilizumab and other biologic agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2010;39(6):425–41. [PubMed: 20223500]
207.
Bernatsky S, Habel Y, Rahme E. Observational studies of infections in rheumatoid arthritis: a metaanalysis of tumor necrosis factor antagonists. J Rheumatol. 2010;37:928–31. [PubMed: 20360181]
208.
Bongartz T, Sutton AJ, Sweeting MJ, et al. Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2006 May 17;295(19):2275–85. [PubMed: 16705109]
209.
Bongartz T, Warren FC, Mines D, et al. Etanercept therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of malignancies: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(7):1177–83. [PubMed: 19019889]
210.
Clark W, Jobanputra P, Barton P, et al. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of anakinra for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in adults: a systematic review and economic analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2004 May;8(18):iii–iv. ix–x, 1–105. [PubMed: 15130461]
211.
Devine EB, Alfonso-Cristancho R, Sullivan SD. Effectiveness of biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: an indirect comparisons approach. Pharmacotherapy. 2011;31(1):39–51. [PubMed: 21182357]
212.
Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Jonas BL, et al. The comparative efficacy and safety of biologics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Rheumatol. 2006 Dec;33(12):2398–408. [PubMed: 17225293]
213.
Gaujoux-Viala C, Smolen JS, Landewe R, et al. Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jun;69(6):1004–9. [PubMed: 20447954]
214.
Hochberg MC, Tracy JK, Hawkins-Holt M, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of the tumour necrosis factor alpha blocking agents adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab when added to methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62 Suppl 2:ii13–6. 2003. [PMC free article: PMC1766753] [PubMed: 14532140]
215.
Kirwan JR, Bijlsma JW, Boers M, et al. Effects of glucocorticoids on radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(1):CD006356. [PMC free article: PMC6465045] [PubMed: 17253590]
216.
Kuriya B, Arkema EV, Bykerk VP, et al. Efficacy of initial methotrexate monotherapy versus combination therapy with a biological agent in early rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of clinical and radiographic remission. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(7):1298–304. [PubMed: 20421343]
217.
Leombruno JP, Einarson TR, Keystone EC. The safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor treatments in rheumatoid arthritis: meta and exposure-adjusted pooled analyses of serious adverse events. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(7):1136–45. [PubMed: 18753157]
218.
Maetzel A, Wong A, Strand V, et al. Meta-analysis of treatment termination rates among rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000 Sep;39(9):975–81. [PubMed: 10986302]
219.
Martinez Lopez JA, Loza E, Carmona L. Systematic review on the safety of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis regarding the reproductive system (fertility, pregnancy, and breastfeeding). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27(4):678–84. [PubMed: 19772806]
220.
Mertens M, Singh JA. Anakinra for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(1):CD005121. [PubMed: 19160248]
221.
Nam JL, Winthrop KL, van Vollenhoven RF, et al. Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of RA. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(6):976–86. [PubMed: 20447957]
222.
Osiri M, Shea B, Welch V, et al. Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;1 Art. No.: CD002047.
223.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trial Archive Group. The effect of age and renal function on the efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1995;22(2):218–23. [PubMed: 7738941]
224.
Salliot C, Dougados M, Gossec L. Risk of serious infections during rituximab, abatacept and anakinra treatments for rheumatoid arthritis: meta-analyses of randomised placebo-controlled trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(1):25–32. [PMC free article: PMC2596305] [PubMed: 18203761]
225.
Schipper LG, Fransen J, Barrera P, et al. Methotrexate in combination with sulfasalazine is more effective in rheumatoid arthritis patients who failed sulfasalazine than in patients naive to both drugs. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48(7):828–33. [PubMed: 19458163]
226.
Singh JA, Christensen R, Wells GA, et al. A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of biologics for rheumatoid arthritis: a Cochrane overview. Can Med Assoc J. 2009;181:787. [PMC free article: PMC2780484] [PubMed: 19884297]
227.
Singh Jasvinder A, Christensen R, Wells George A, et al. Biologics for rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of Cochrane reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009;(4) [PMC free article: PMC10636593] [PubMed: 19821440]
228.
Singh JA, Noorbaloochi S, Singh G. Golimumab for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(1):CD008341. [PubMed: 20091667]
229.
Singh Jasvinder A, Beg S, Lopez-Olivo Maria A. Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010;(7) [PubMed: 20614469]
230.
Wailoo A, Brennan A, Bansback N, et al. Modeling the cost effectiveness of etanercept, adalimumab and anakinra compared to infliximab in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the Medicare program. AHRQ Technology Assessment Program. 2006
231.
Wiens A, Correr CJ, Pontarolo R, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of etanercept for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Immunol. 2009;70(4):337–44. [PubMed: 19751268]
232.
Wiens A, Venson R, Correr CJ, et al. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacotherapy. 2010;30(4):339–53. [PubMed: 20334454]