Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Daily and Versions(R) 1946 to November 3, 2020

Search: RCTs and controlled observational studies

1. Spinal Cord Injuries/
2. (“spinal cord injury” or “SCI” or (spin* adj2 injur*)).ti,ab.
3. exp Multiple Sclerosis/
4. “multiple sclerosis”.ti,ab.
5. Cerebral Palsy/
6. “cerebral palsy”.ti,ab.
7. Disabled Persons/
8. Paraplegia/ or Quadriplegia/
9. (wheelchair or quadripleg* or parapleg* or tetrapleg*).ti,ab.
10. or/1–9
11. exp Exercise/
12. exp Exercise Therapy/
13. exp Physical Fitness/
14. Weight Lifting/
15. Yoga/
16. exp Martial Arts/
17. Equine-Assisted Therapy/
18. Bicycling/
19. Hydrotherapy/
20. exp Balneology/
21. Swimming/
22. Vibration/
23. sports/ or sports for persons with disabilities/
24. (exercise or “standing frame” or vibration or stretch* or flexibility or yoga or “martial art*” or “tai chi” or “tai ji” or hippotherapy or (equine adj2 therapy) or resistance or “weight lift*” or “weight train*” or ergometry or bicycl* or “strength train*” or treadmill or “gait train*” or swim* or aquatherapy or hydrotherapy or sport*).ti,ab.
25. (“physical fitness” or “physical activity”).ti,ab.
26. or/11–25
27. 10 and 26
28. limit 27 to randomized controlled trial
29. 27 and (random* or control* or trial or cohort or group* or arm*).ti,ab.
30. 28 or 29
31. limit 30 to yr=“2008 -Current”
32. limit 31 to english language

Search: Systematic reviews

1. Spinal Cord Injuries/
2. (“spinal cord injury” or “SCI” or (spin* adj2 injur*)).ti,ab.
3. exp Multiple Sclerosis/
4. “multiple sclerosis”.ti,ab.
5. Cerebral Palsy/
6. “cerebral palsy”.ti,ab.
7. Disabled Persons/
8. Paraplegia/ or Quadriplegia/
9. (wheelchair or quadripleg* or parapleg* or tetrapleg*).ti,ab.
10. or/1–9
11. exp Exercise/
12. exp Exercise Therapy/
13. exp Physical Fitness/
14. Weight Lifting/
15. Yoga/
16. exp Martial Arts/
17. Equine-Assisted Therapy/
18. Bicycling/
19. Hydrotherapy/
20. exp Balneology/
21. Swimming/
22. Vibration/
23. sports/ or sports for persons with disabilities/
24. (exercise or “standing frame” or vibration or stretch* or flexibility or yoga or “martial art*” or “tai chi” or “tai ji” or hippotherapy or (equine adj2 therapy) or resistance or “weight lift*” or “weight train*” or ergometry or bicycl* or “strength train*” or treadmill or “gait train*” or swim* or aquatherapy or hydrotherapy or sport*).ti,ab.
25. (“physical fitness” or “physical activity”).ti,ab.
26. or/11–25
27. 10 and 26
28. 27 and (systematic or meta*).ti,ab.
29. limit 27 to (meta analysis or systematic reviews)
30. 28 or 29
31. limit 30 to yr=“2008 -Current”

Search: Evaluation studies

1. Spinal Cord Injuries/
2. (“spinal cord injury” or “SCI” or (spin* adj2 injur*)).ti,ab.
3. exp Multiple Sclerosis/
4. “multiple sclerosis”.ti,ab.
5. Cerebral Palsy/
6. “cerebral palsy”.ti,ab.
7. Disabled Persons/
8. Paraplegia/ or Quadriplegia/
9. (wheelchair or quadripleg* or parapleg* or tetrapleg*).ti,ab.
10. or/1–9
11. exp Exercise/
12. exp Exercise Therapy/
13. exp Physical Fitness/
14. Weight Lifting/
15. Yoga/
16. exp Martial Arts/
17. Equine-Assisted Therapy/
18. Bicycling/
19. Hydrotherapy/
20. exp Balneology/
21. Swimming/
22. Vibration/
23. sports/ or sports for persons with disabilities/
24. (exercise or “standing frame” or vibration or stretch* or flexibility or yoga or “martial art*” or “tai chi” or “tai ji” or hippotherapy or (equine adj2 therapy) or resistance or “weight lift*” or “weight train*” or ergometry or bicycl* or “strength train*” or treadmill or “gait train*” or swim* or aquatherapy or hydrotherapy or sport*).ti,ab.
25. (“physical fitness” or “physical activity”).ti,ab.
26. or/11–25
27. 10 and 26
28. (pre or before).ti,ab.
29. (post or after).ti,ab.
30. limit 27 to (comparative study or evaluation studies)
31. 27 and (28 or 29)
32. Pilot Projects/
33. pilot.ti,ab.
34. 27 and (32 or 33)
35. 30 or 31 or 34
36. limit 35 to yr=“2008 -Current”
37. limit 36 to english language
38. limit 37 to randomized controlled trial
39. 37 and (random* or control* or trial or cohort or group* or arm*).ti,ab.
40. 37 not (38 or 39)

Database: EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials November 3, 2020

1. Spinal Cord Injuries/
2. (“spinal cord injury” or “SCI” or (spin* adj2 injur*)).ti,ab.
3. exp Multiple Sclerosis/
4. “multiple sclerosis”.ti,ab.
5. Cerebral Palsy/
6. “cerebral palsy”.ti,ab.
7. Disabled Persons/
8. Paraplegia/ or Quadriplegia/
9. (wheelchair or quadripleg* or parapleg* or tetrapleg*).ti,ab.
10. or/1–9
11. exp Exercise/
12. exp Exercise Therapy/
13. exp Physical Fitness/
14. Weight Lifting/
15. Yoga/
16. exp Martial Arts/
17. Equine-Assisted Therapy/
18. Bicycling/
19. Hydrotherapy/
20. exp Balneology/
21. Swimming/
22. Vibration/
23. sports/ or sports for persons with disabilities/
24. (exercise or “standing frame” or vibration or stretch* or flexibility or yoga or “martial art*” or “tai chi” or “tai ji” or hippotherapy or (equine adj2 therapy) or resistance or “weight lift*” or “weight train*” or ergometry or bicycl* or “strength train*” or treadmill or “gait train*” or swim* or aquatherapy or hydrotherapy or sport*).ti,ab.
25. (“physical fitness” or “physical activity”).ti,ab.
26. or/11–25
27. 10 and 26
28. limit 27 to randomized controlled trial
29. 27 and (random* or control* or trial or cohort or group* or arm*).ti,ab.
30. 28 or 29
31. limit 30 to yr=“2008 -Current”
32. limit 31 to english language
33. limit 32 to medline records
34. 32 not 33

Database: EBM Reviews - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005 to November 3, 2020

1. (“spinal cord injury” or “SCI” or (spin* adj2 injur*)).ti,ab.
2. “multiple sclerosis”.ti,ab.
3. “cerebral palsy”.ti,ab.
4. (wheelchair or quadripleg* or parapleg* or tetrapleg*).ti,ab.
5. (exercise or “standing frame” or vibration or stretch* or flexibility or yoga or “martial art*” or “tai chi” or “tai ji” or hippotherapy or (equine adj2 therapy) or resistance or “weight lift*” or “weight train*” or ergometry or bicycl* or “strength train*” or treadmill or “gait train*” or swim* or aquatherapy or hydrotherapy or sport*).ti,ab.
6. (“physical fitness” or “physical activity”).ti,ab.
7. (1 or 2 or 3 or 4) and (5 or 6)
8. limit 7 to full systematic reviews

Database: PsycINFO 1806 to November Week 1 2020

1. spinal cord injuries/
2. (“spinal cord injury” or “SCI” or (spin* adj2 injur*)).ti,ab.
3. multiple sclerosis/
4. “multiple sclerosis”.ti,ab.
5. exp paralysis/
6. (“cerebral palsy” or wheelchair or quadripleg* or parapleg* or tetrapleg*).ti,ab.
7. or/1–6
8. physical activity/ or exp exercise/
9. physical fitness/
10. yoga/
11. recreation/ or athletic participation/ or martial arts/ or weightlifting/ or sports/
12. vibration/
13. (exercise or “standing frame” or vibration or stretch* or flexibility or yoga or “martial art*” or “tai chi” or “tai ji” or hippotherapy or (equine adj2 therapy) or resistance or “weight lift*” or “weight train*” or ergometry or bicycl* or “strength train*” or treadmill or “gait train*” or swim* or aquatherapy or hydrotherapy or sport*).ti,ab.
14. (“physical fitness” or “physical activity”).ti,ab.
15. or/8–14
16. 7 and 15
17. limit 16 to yr=“2008 -Current”
18. limit 17 to english language
19. 18 and (random* or control* or trial or cohort or group* or arm*).ti,ab.
20. limit 18 to (“0300 clinical trial” or 2100 treatment outcome)
21. 19 or 20

Database: EBSCO CINAHL Plus with Full Text to November 3, 2020

1. (MH “spinal cord injuries”)
2. TI “spinal cord injur*” OR TI sci
3. (MH “Multiple Sclerosis”)
4. TI multiple sclerosis
5. (MH “Cerebral Palsy”)
6. TI cerebral palsy
7. (MH “Paraplegia”) OR (MH “Quadriplegia”)
8. TI wheelchair OR TI parapleg* OR TI quadripleg* OR TI tetrapleg*
9. S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8
10. (MH “Exercise+”) OR (MH “Leisure Activities+”) OR (MH “Physical Fitness+”) OR (MH “Physical Activity”) OR (MH “Sports+”)
11. (MH “Weight Lifting”) OR (MH “Resistance Training”)
12. (MH “Yoga”)
13. (MH “Vibration”)
14. TI exercise OR TI “standing frame” OR TI vibration OR TI stretch* OR TI flexibility OR TI yoga OR TI “martial art*” OR TI “tai chi” OR TI “tai ji” OR TI hippotherapy OR TI “equine therapy” OR TI “resistance train*”
15. TI “weight train*” OR TI ergometry OR TI bicycl* OR TI “strength train*” OR TI treadmill OR TI “gait train*” OR TI swim* OR TI aquatherapy OR TI hydrotherapy OR TI sport*
16. TI “physical fitness” OR TI “physical activity”
17. S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16
18. S9 AND S17
19. TI random* or TI control* or TI trial or TI cohort or TI group* or TI arm*
20. AB random* or AB control* or AB trial or AB cohort or AB group* or AB arm*
21. S19 OR S20
22. S18 AND S21
23. S18 AND S21 Limiters - Published Date: 20080101–20191231; Exclude MEDLINE records

Database: Elsevier Embase Web to February 6, 2019

(‘spinal cord injury’/exp OR ‘spinal cord injury’ OR ‘multiple sclerosis’/exp OR ‘multiple sclerosis’ OR ‘cerebral palsy’ OR ‘disabled person’ OR ‘paraplegia’ OR ‘quadriplegia’ OR ‘tetraplegia’) AND (‘exercise’ OR ‘kinesiotherapy’ OR ‘fitness’ OR ‘physical activity’ OR ‘sport’ OR ‘weight lifting’ OR ‘yoga’ OR ‘martial art’ OR ‘hippotherapy’ OR ‘cycling’ OR ‘swimming’ OR ‘hydrotherapy’ OR ‘vibration’ OR ‘resistance training’) AND ‘article’/it AND (2008:py OR 2009:py OR 2010:py OR 2011:py OR 2012:py OR 2013:py OR 2014:py OR 2015:py OR 2016:py OR 2017:py OR 2018:py OR 2019:py) AND [english]/lim AND [embase]/lim NOT ([embase]/lim AND [medline]/lim)

Database: EBSCO Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source to November 3, 2020

1. (MH “spinal cord injuries”)
2. TI “spinal cord injur*” OR TI sci
3. (MH “Multiple Sclerosis”)
4. TI multiple sclerosis
5. (MH “Cerebral Palsy”)
6. TI cerebral palsy
7. (MH “Paraplegia”) OR (MH “Quadriplegia”)
8. TI wheelchair OR TI parapleg* OR TI quadripleg* OR TI tetrapleg*
9. S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8
10. (MH “Exercise+”) OR (MH “Leisure Activities+”) OR (MH “Physical Fitness+”) OR (MH “Physical Activity”) OR (MH “Sports+”)
11. (MH “Weight Lifting”) OR (MH “Resistance Training”)
12. (MH “Yoga”)
13. (MH “Vibration”)
14. TI exercise OR TI “standing frame” OR TI vibration OR TI stretch* OR TI flexibility OR TI yoga OR TI “martial art*” OR TI “tai chi” OR TI “tai ji” OR TI hippotherapy OR TI “equine therapy” OR TI “resistance train*”
15. TI “weight train*” OR TI ergometry OR TI bicycl* OR TI “strength train*” OR TI treadmill OR TI “gait train*” OR TI swim* OR TI aquatherapy OR TI hydrotherapy OR TI sport*
16. TI “physical fitness” OR TI “physical activity”
17. S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16
18. S9 AND S17
19. TI random* or TI control* or TI trial or TI cohort or TI group* or TI arm*
20. AB random* or AB control* or AB trial or AB cohort or AB group* or AB arm*
21. S19 OR S20
22. S18 AND S21
23. S18 AND S21 Limiters - Published Date: 20080101–2019123