These short, plain-language guides — tailored to clinicians — summarize research reviews’ findings on the benefits and harms of different treatment options. Clinician guides rate the strength of evidence behind a report’s conclusions. The guides on medications also contain basic wholesale price information.

Contents

• Management of Insomnia Disorder in Adults: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: August 2017.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • Other Findings
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Other Issues
  • Companion Resource for Patients
  • Key Points for Clinician and Patient and Caregiver Discussions
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
  • Appendix Table 1. Psychological and Behavioral Interventions for Insomnia Disorder
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: July 2017.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Applicability of the Findings of This Review
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence on Dietary Marine Oils and Combined Marine Oil Supplements
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence on Individual Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • What To Discuss With Consumers
  • Companion Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
  • References
• Diagnosis and Management of Gout: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: January 2017.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Additional Issues
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and Their Caregivers
  • Companion Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Behavioral Programs for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: November 29, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and Their Caregivers
  • Companion Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Behavioral Programs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: November 29, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and Their Caregivers
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • Companion Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: November 15, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • Other Findings of the Review
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and Their Caregivers
  • Source
  • Companion Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
• Nonpharmacological Versus Pharmacological Treatment for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 13, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • Other Findings of the Review
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and Their Caregivers
  • Source
  • Companion Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
• Psychosocial and Pharmacologic Interventions for Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: August 31, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • Other Findings of the Review
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • What To Discuss With Parents and Caregivers of Children with DBDs
  • Source
  • Companion Resource for Parents and Caregivers
  • Ordering Information
• Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN): Current State of the Evidence on Contrast Media and Prevention of CIN
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: August 18, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • Other Findings of the Reviews
  • Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • Additional Resources for Clinicians
  • Appendix
  • Source
  • Ordering Information
• Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: July 26, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • Other Findings of the Review
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: July 12, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Treatments for Fecal Incontinence: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: July 5, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and Their Caregivers
  • Companion Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• A Randomized Trial of Epidural Glucocorticoid Injections for Spinal Stenosis: A Brief Summary of Findings for Clinicians
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: June 29, 2016.
  • Description of This Summary
  • Key Clinical Issue
  • Background
  • Study Design and Outcome Measure
  • Key Findings
  • Limitations of the Study
  • Conclusions
  • Possible Key Points for Clinician and Patient or Caregiver Discussion
  • Source
• Management of Infantile Hemangioma
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: June 21, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of the Clinical Evidence
  • Other Findings of the Review
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • Applicability Issues
  • What To Discuss With Parents and Caregivers
  • Companion Resource for Parents and Caregivers
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Core-Needle Biopsy for Breast Abnormalities
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: May 26, 2016.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Accuracy of Core-Needle Breast Biopsy
  • Misclassification of Biopsy Results
  • Complications and Pain
  • Applicability of Findings
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Management and Outcomes of Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults: Current State of the Evidence
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: May 24, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Clinical Research Evidence
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • Applicability
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Early Imaging for Back Pain and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults: A Brief Summary of Findings and Key Points for Clinician-Patient Discussions
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: May 13, 2016.
  • Description of This Summary
  • Key Clinical Issue
  • Background
  • Study Design and Outcome Measures
  • Key Findings
  • Other Findings of the Study
  • Study Limitations
  • Conclusions
  • Suggested Key Points for Clinician and Patient and Caregiver Discussions
  • Source
• Interventions To Improve Antibiotic Prescribing for Uncomplicated Acute Respiratory Tract Infections
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: April 6, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Overview of Research Evidence
  • Other Findings of the Review
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and/or Their Caregivers
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in Outpatient Settings
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: February 16, 2016.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Other Findings of the Review
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and/or Their Caregivers
  • Companion Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Additional Resources
  • Source
• Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: January 21, 2016.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Summary of Key Findings and Strength of Evidence
  • Other Findings of the Review
  • Conclusions
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and/or Their Caregivers
  • Companion Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
  • References
• Transitional Care Interventions To Prevent Readmissions for People With Heart Failure
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: October 16, 2015.
  • Focus of This Summary
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Other Findings of the Review
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and/or Their Caregivers
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Radiotherapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancer
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 2, 2015.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Limitations of the Evidence Base
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and/or Their Caregivers
  • Companion Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 23, 2014.
  • Key Clinical Issue
  • Background Information
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Literature Review Methods
  • Note Regarding Possible Harms
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Future Research Needs
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 13, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Screening Recommendations for HCV Infection
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Additional Information
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Evaluation and Treatment of Cryptorchidism
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: August 30, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With the Parents and/or Caregivers of Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: August 30, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and Their Caregivers
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• First-Generation Versus Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: April 10, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Other Report Findings
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: November 27, 2012.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Botom Line
  • Key Information Issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Medications Used To Treat Hepatitis C Virus Infection‡
  • Additional Information
  • Applicability of the Findings of This Report
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Drug Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comparative Effectiveness
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: November 20, 2012.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background Information
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Other Findings: Influence of Patient Characteristics
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• First- and Second-Generation Antipsychotics for Children: Comparative Effectiveness
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 4, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background Information
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Source
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
• Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Orthopedic Surgery
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: August 30, 2012.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Summary of RECORD Trials Outcomes
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Off-Label Use of Atypical Antipsychotics: An Update
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: August 1, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Adverse Effects
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Antinuclear Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor, and Cyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Tests for Evaluating Musculoskeletal Complaints in Children
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: July 5, 2012.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Glossary
  • Findings on Prevalence and Etiology of MSK Pain and Serological Tests in Healthy Children
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: June 26, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Adverse Effects
  • ADHD Medications
  • Variability in Prevalence, Clinical Identification, and Treatment of ADHD in Children
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and Their Caregivers
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Mitigating the Effects of Low Health Literacy: A Brief of the Research Evidence for Health Communicators & Educators
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: March 7, 2012.
  • The Goal: Improving Health Outcomes For Low Literacy Audiences
  • Understanding the Need
  • Evidence About Interventions for Low Literacy Audiences
  • Improving Use of Services and Health Outcomes
  • General Observations From Research
  • Conclusion
  • Source
• Effectiveness of Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring in Adults With Hypertension
  John M Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: February 22, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Clostridium difficile Infections: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: December 19, 2011.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background Information
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line: Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Clinical Bottom Line: Prevention of Primary and Recurrent CDI
  • Evidence for Harms
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• ACEIs, ARBs, or DRI for Adults With Hypertension
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: October 24, 2011.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Additional Information on Adverse Effects
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Patient Cost Information
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Comparing Medications for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: June 30, 2011.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background Information
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Average Wholesale Prices for Diabetes Medicines
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Pain Management Interventions for Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: May 17, 2011.
  • Key Clinical Issue
  • Background Information
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Timing of Use of Pain Management Interventions
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What to Discuss with Your Patients or their Caregivers
  • Resource for Patients
  • Source
  • Ordering Information
• Use of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone for Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: March 4, 2011.
  • Key Clinical Issue
  • Background Information
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Outcomes Table
  • Future Research
  • What To Discuss With Caregivers
  • Resource for Caregivers
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Comparative Effectiveness of Interventions for Rotator Cuff Tears in Adults
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: October 29, 2010.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Conclusions
  • Additional Issues
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Future Research Needs
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Utilization and Clinical Data on In-Hospital, Off-Label Uses of Recombinant Factor VIIa
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: October 29, 2010.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Conclusions
  • Additional Details Regarding Increased Risk of Thromboembolic Events* With rFVIIa Use for Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage and Adult Cardiac Surgery
  • Additional Off-Label Uses of rFVIIa Requiring Future Research
  • Source
• Adding ACEIs and/or ARBs to Standard Therapy for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: Benefits and Harms
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: July 9, 2010.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Note Regarding Possible Harms
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resources for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Elective Induction of Labor: Safety and Harms
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: November 30, 2009.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Assessing Risk of Harms With Elective Induction of Labor
  • Considerations
  • About the Studies
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Three Treatments for Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Evidence Shows Lack of Benefit
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: April 8, 2009.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Glucosamine and Chondroitin
  • Viscosupplementation
  • Arthroscopic Surgery for Osteoarthritis
  • Other Options
  • Resources for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Management of Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: June 26, 2007.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinnical Bottom Line
  • Risks
  • Still Unknown
  • On the Horizon
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Rare Diseases in the Pediatric Population
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 25, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Adverse Effects
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients' Parents or Caregivers
  • Resources for Parents and Caregivers
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Acute Migraine Treatment in Emergency Settings
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 19, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs: Comparative Effectiveness
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 19, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line*
  • Gaps in Knowledge on Childhood Obesity Prevention
  • What To Discuss With the Parents of Your Patients and/or Caregivers of Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Comparative Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery and Nonsurgical Therapy in Adults With Metabolic Conditions and a Body Mass Index of 30 to 34.9 kg/m²
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 13, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Other Findings of This Systematic Review
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and/or Their Caregivers
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Effectiveness of Outpatient Case Management for Adults With Medical Illness and Complex Care Needs
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: August 30, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Additional Information
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients and Caregivers
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Subcutaneous and Sublingual Immunotherapy To Treat Allergic Rhinitis/Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: August 22, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Ordering Information
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Source
• Recurrent Nephrolithiasis in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness of Preventive Medical Strategies
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: August 8, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Surgical Management of Inguinal Hernia
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: July 24, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Treatment for Depression After Unsatisfactory Response to SSRIs in Adults and Adolescents
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: July 24, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Additional Information
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Use Versus Nonuse of Dietary Supplements in Adults Taking Cardiovascular Drugs
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: April 10, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Supplement/Drug Combinations and Outcomes Studied
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Comparisons of Medical, Laser, and Incisional Surgical Treatments for Open-Angle Glaucoma in Adults
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: February 14, 2013.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Patient-Related Quality of Life
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and Their Caregivers
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Drug Therapy for Psoriatic Arthritis in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: November 20, 2012.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Adverse Effects
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Noninvasive Technologies for Diagnosing Coronary Artery Disease in Women: Comparative Effectiveness
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: October 11, 2012.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line: Accuracy of Noninvasive Technologies for Diagnosing CAD in Symptomatic Women With No Known CAD
  • Additional Findings
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Future Research Needs
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 1–3
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: October 11, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background Information
  • Clinical Bottom Line: Treatment
  • Clinical Bottom Line: Screening and Monitoring
  • Conclusions
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: October 5, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background Information
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Applicability of Findings of This Review
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Future Research Needs
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Progestogens for Prevention of Preterm Birth
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 21, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background Information
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure: Comparative Effectiveness
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 20, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background Information
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge and Future Research Needs
  • Source
  • Ordering Information
• Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring Methods for Diabetes Mellitus: Comparative Effectiveness
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 4, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Second-Generation Antidepressants for Treating Adult Depression: An Update
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: July 30, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients (About Second-Generation Antidepressants)
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Treatment To Prevent Osteoporotic Fractures: An Update
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: May 16, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Additional Information
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Effectiveness of Treatments for Noncyclic Chronic Pelvic Pain in Adult Women
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: April 16, 2012.
  • Research Focus for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Conclusions
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Non-surgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: April 9, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: March 19, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Patients and Caregivers
  • Resource for Patients and Caregivers
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Analgesics for Osteoarthritis
  John M Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: February 15, 2012.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 26, 2011.
  • Focus of the Research for Clinicians
  • Background Information
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Subtypes of JIA
  • Evaluation of Assessment Instruments
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients and Their Caregivers
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Managing Chronic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: September 23, 2011.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Additional Issues
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Comparative Effectiveness of Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: August 8, 2011.
  • Focus of Research for Clinicians
  • Background Information
  • Conclusion
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Additional Information
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: June 30, 2011.
  • Key Clinical Issue
  • Background Information
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line: Evidence of Effectiveness or Harm
  • Literature Review Methods
  • Note Regarding Possible Harms
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Future Research Needs
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Depression After Traumatic Brain Injury
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: April 13, 2011.
  • Key Clinical Issue
  • Background Information
  • Conclusions
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • Resource for Patients
  • Ordering Information
  • Source
• Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Radiotherapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancer
  John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science.
  Issued: November 30, 2010.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Conclusions
  • Gaps in Knowledge
  • What To Discuss With Your Patients
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Core-Needle Biopsy for Breast Abnormalities
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: April 14, 2010.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Accuracy of Core-Needle Breast Biopsy
  • Misclassification of Biopsy Results
  • Complications and Pain
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Medications To Reduce the Risk of Primary Breast Cancer in Women
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: January 13, 2010.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Effectiveness
  • Adverse Events
  • Balancing the Benefits and Harms
  • About the Studies
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Treating Cholesterol With Combination Therapy
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: November 18, 2009.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • The Studies
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: November 16, 2009.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Effectiveness
  • Treatment Selection
  • On the Horizon
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Gestational Diabetes: Caring for Women During and After Pregnancy
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: August 5, 2009.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Medications
  • Delivery: Timing and Mode
  • Followup
  • Considerations
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Premixed Insulin Analogues: A Comparison With Other Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: March 25, 2009.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom line
  • Insulin Preparations
  • Comparing Effectiveness and Adverse Events
  • Choosing Types of Insulin
  • On the Horizon
  • Still Unknown
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Treatments for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: July 24, 2008.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Treatment Options
  • Side Effects
  • Choosing an Approach
  • On the Horizon
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Fracture Prevention Treatments for Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: June 11, 2008.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Treatment Approaches
  • Possible Harms of Treatment
  • Selecting a Treatment Approach
  • Adherence
  • Still Unknown
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Choosing Medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinician's Guide
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: April 9, 2008.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Types of RA Drugs
  • Research Comparing Drug Effectiveness
  • Assessing Risks
  • Selecting a DMARD
  • Still Unknown
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Comparing Oral Medications for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Clinician's Guide
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: December 5, 2007.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Comparing Effectiveness
  • Agents & Actions
  • Assessing Risks
  • Still Unknown
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• ACEIs or ARBs For Adults With Hypertension: Clinician’s Guide
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: November 1, 2007.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Side Effects
  • Serious Risks
  • Still Unknown
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Choosing Antidepressants for Adults: Clinician's Guide
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: August 15, 2007.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Phases of Treatment
  • Selecting an Antidepressant
  • Side Effects
  • Risks of Serious Harm
  • Still Unknown
  • Resource for Consumers
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Off -Label Use of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs: A Summary for Clinicians and Policymakers
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: July 12, 2007.
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Atypical Antipsychotics
  • Off-Label Use
  • Risks for Elderly People with Dementia
  • Side Effects for Children and Adolescents
  • Side Effects for Adults: Off-Label Conditions
  • Side Effects for Adults: The Catie Study
  • Still Unknown
  • For More Information
  • Source
• Choosing Non-Opioid Analgesics for Osteoarthritis: Clinician's Guide
  Eisenberg Center at Oregon Health & Science University.
  Issued: January 10, 2007.
  • Clinical Issue
  • Clinical Bottom Line
  • Assessing Risk of Complications
  • Alternatives to Oral NSAIDs
  • Still Unknown
  • Doses and Price
  • Resource for Patients
  • For More Information
  • Source