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Comparative Effectiveness Review Summary Guides for Clinicians [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2007-.
This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.
Key Clinical Issue
What are the benefits and harms of using recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to improve pulmonary and overall health outcomes for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF)?
Background Information
Patients with CF may experience growth retardation despite aggressive nutritional therapy. Low weight and short stature have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, leading some investigators to propose that the growth-promoting and anabolic effects of rhGH may reduce disease symptoms and improve health outcomes. However, rhGH may exacerbate the existing risk of developing CF-related diabetes (CFRD) and gastrointestinal cancer.
While the effect of growth hormone on long-term outcomes (e.g., mortality risk and health-related quality of life [HRQoL]) is of greatest interest, current studies provide data only on intermediate outcomes. Therefore, the association between intermediate outcomes (pulmonary function, growth, exercise tolerance) and long-term outcomes in patients with CF was examined along with the evidence for rhGH effectiveness.
A note about this Clinician Guide
A systematic review of 79 clinical studies was conducted by independent researchers, funded by AHRQ, to synthesize the evidence on what is known and not known about this clinical issue.
This topic was nominated through a public process. The research questions and the results of the report were subject to expert input, peer review, and public comment.
The results of this review are summarized here for use in decisionmaking and in discussions with patients. The full report, with references for included and excluded studies, is available at http://www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/hgh.cfm.
Conclusions
Current evidence is inadequate for understanding the long-term outcomes and risks of using rhGH to improve pulmonary function and overall health in children with CF. Intermediate outcomes associated with mortality risk were mixed, and a modest decrease in annual hospitalizations was observed.
Important unknowns remain, including the characteristics of patients who are most likely to benefit and which dose and duration of treatment are optimal.
Clinical Bottom Line
Evidence Associating Intermediate Outcomes With Mortality Risk and HRQoL for Patients With CF*:
|
Evidence About Benefits:
|
Evidence About Harms:
|
Additional Issues:
|
High:
There are consistent results from good-quality studies. Further research is very unlikely to change the conclusions.
Moderate:
Findings are supported, but further research could change the conclusions.
Low:
There are very few studies, or existing studies are flawed.
* These findings are not based on studies of rhGH treatment.
BMI = body mass index; %FEV1 = percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second; weight velocity = the change in weight over time
Outcomes Table
Health Outcomes (Number Treated, Control) | Effect Size Mean Difference* | 95% CI |
---|---|---|
Hospitalizations per year† (64, 59) | -1.62 | -1.98, -1.26 |
Pulmonary function | ||
%FEV1 (71, 48) | 2.43% | -3.99, 8.85 |
Anthropometrics | ||
Weight† (100, 67) | 1.48 kg | 0.62, 2.33 |
Weight velocity† (40, 36) | 2.15 kg/y | 1.52, 2.78 |
Body mass index† (22, 18) | 2.08 kg/m2 | 1.20, 2.96 |
Percent ideal body weight† (23, 21) | 12.57% | 7.01, 18.12 |
- *
The mean difference is the difference between the mean values for treated and control groups for change from baseline.
- †
Statistically significant; the 95% confidence interval (CI) does not include zero.
Future Research
- Prospective cohort studies should be developed to assess important long-term health outcomes in patients who have received rhGH treatment to date.
- More evidence is needed to understand the impact of clinically important variables, including dose, duration of treatment, age, sex, baseline nutritional status, baseline clinical status, existing diabetes risk factors, concurrent medical therapies, and prior treatment.
- More definitive answers about what role, if any, rhGH has in the treatment of pediatric patients with CF will require a large, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial that includes prospective data collection for hospitalizations, mortality, bone fractures, and HRQoL.
What To Discuss With Caregivers
- That evidence about benefits and harms of rhGH treatment for patients with CF is limited.
- Whether the potential for fewer hospitalizations is relevant for the individual patient.
- Whether the risk of CFRD is relevant for the individual patient.
- Patient and caregiver values concerning rhGH administration (i.e., by injection).
Resource for Caregivers
Human Growth Hormone for Children With Cystic Fibrosis, A Review of the Research for Parents and Caregivers is a free companion to this clinician guide. It covers the state of the evidence for benefits and harms of adding this treatment.
Ordering Information
For electronic copies of Human Growth Hormone for Children With Cystic Fibrosis, A Review of the Research for Parents and Caregivers (AHRQ Pub. No. 11-EHC003-A), this clinician guide, and the full systematic review, visit www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov. To order free print copies, call the AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse at 800-358-9295.
Source
The information in this guide is based on Effectiveness of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) in the Treatment of Patients With Cystic Fibrosis, Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 23, prepared by the University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2007-10067-I for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, October 2010. AHRQ Pub. No. 11-EHC003-EF. Available at: http://www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/hgh.cfm. This guide was prepared by the John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
- Review Effectiveness of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) in the Treatment of Patients With Cystic Fibrosis[ 2010]Review Effectiveness of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) in the Treatment of Patients With Cystic FibrosisPhung OJ, Coleman CI, Baker EL, Scholle JM, Girotto JE, Makanji SS, Chen WT, Talati R, Kluger J, Quercia R, et al. 2010 Oct
- Review [Growth hormone in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis].[Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2...]Review [Growth hormone in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis].Amorim PG, Mendes Tde B, Oliveira LS, Guerra-JĂșnior G, Ribeiro JD. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2011 Dec; 55(9):671-6.
- Review Recombinant growth hormone therapy for cystic fibrosis in children and young adults.[Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013]Review Recombinant growth hormone therapy for cystic fibrosis in children and young adults.Thaker V, Haagensen AL, Carter B, Fedorowicz Z, Houston BW. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 5; 6(6):CD008901. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
- Review Recombinant growth hormone therapy for cystic fibrosis in children and young adults.[Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015]Review Recombinant growth hormone therapy for cystic fibrosis in children and young adults.Thaker V, Haagensen AL, Carter B, Fedorowicz Z, Houston BW. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 May 20; (5):CD008901. Epub 2015 May 20.
- A multi-center controlled trial of growth hormone treatment in children with cystic fibrosis.[Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012]A multi-center controlled trial of growth hormone treatment in children with cystic fibrosis.Stalvey MS, Anbar RD, Konstan MW, Jacobs JR, Bakker B, Lippe B, Geller DE. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012 Mar; 47(3):252-63. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
- Use of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone for Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibro...Use of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone for Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis - Comparative Effectiveness Review Summary Guides for Clinicians
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