This information is right for you if

• Your doctor^* said you have major depressive disorder, a kind of depression that lasts longer than 2 weeks.
• You have taken one of the following antidepressant medicines for at least 6 weeks^† and your depression is not getting better. These medicines are a type of antidepressant called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Please note that not all antidepressants are SSRIs.
  • Citalopram (Celexa^®)
  • Escitalopram (Lexapro^®)
  • Fluoxetine (Prozac^®, Prozac Weekly^®, Sarafem^®)
  • Fluvoxamine (Luvox^®, Luvox CR^®)
  • Paroxetine (Paxil^®, Paxil CR^®, Pexeva^®)
  • Sertraline (Zoloft^®)
• You want to know about other options to treat your depression to talk about with your doctor.
• And you are over age 18. This information is from research on adults.

What does this summary cover?

This summary will tell you about options to treat your depression if your SSRI did not work or did not work well enough. There are many options that work to treat depression. But there is not enough research to know for sure which option might be best after an SSRI did not work or did not work well enough. This summary can help you talk with your doctor about which treatment to try next.

Where does the information come from?

Researchers funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), a Federal Government research agency, reviewed 44 studies published between January 1980 and April 2011 on depression treatments after taking an SSRI. The report was reviewed by clinicians, researchers, experts, and the public. You can read the report at www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/ssri-depression.cfm.

If your depression symptoms did not get better while taking an SSRI, you are not alone. There are other options to treat your depression.

What is depression?

Depression is an illness that involves the brain. Around one out of every five people in the United States has depression sometime during their lifetime. Depression can be passed down in families. The chemistry in your brain or environmental factors like stress may also cause depression.

Depression is different from feeling sad or down every now and then. People with depression feel sad, lack energy, feel tired, or have trouble enjoying activities almost every day.

Not everyone with depression feels sad or down. Other symptoms of depression can include:

• Changes in your sleeping habits such as sleeping poorly or sleeping more than usual
• Less interest in activities you usually enjoy
• Not eating as much or eating more, whether or not you are hungry
• Strong feelings of despair
• Feeling worthless or hopeless
• Finding it hard to think or concentrate
• Feeling overly guilty or guilty for no reason
• Thoughts of suicide

Depression is a serious but treatable problem that should not be ignored. There are many treatment options for people with depression.

What is an SSRI and why am I taking it?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a type of antidepressant medicine. SSRIs are one of the most common types of medicine taken by people with depression. SSRIs work by affecting a chemical in your brain called serotonin. Serotonin helps to control your mood and make you feel content.

Why did an SSRI not work well for me?

Depression symptoms go away completely for about one out of every three people who take an SSRI. Doctors do not know why SSRIs work for some people and not for others. If an SSRI does not work for you, your doctor may suggest other treatments to try.

Be sure to let your doctor know if anything interfered with you taking your SSRI (such as the cost being too high, trouble remembering to take it, or side effects). It is important to never stop taking your medicine or change the amount you take without first talking with your doctor.

What treatments are available when an SSRI does not work well?

There are many options a doctor may suggest for people whose depression symptoms do not improve enough from treatment with an SSRI:

• Increase the dose (amount) of the SSRI you take.
  • It is important to never increase the amount of your medicine without your doctor telling you to do so.
• Switch to a different SSRI.
• Switch to a different kind of antidepressant that is not an SSRI, such as bupropion (Wellbutrin^®), desvenlafaxine (Pristiq^®), duloxetine (Cymbalta^®), or venlafaxine (Effexor^®).
• Add an antipsychotic medicine to your SSRI, such as aripiprazole (Abilify^®), olanzapine (Zyprexa^®), or quetiapine XR (Seroquel XR^®).
  • Antipsychotic medicines work by affecting the way certain chemicals act in your brain. Taking an antipsychotic medicine does not mean you have psychosis.
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the following combinations of antipsychotic medicines and antidepressants to treat patients with depression:
    • Aripiprazole (Abilify^®) or quetiapine XR (Seroquel XR^®) added to any antidepressant
    • Olanzapine (Zyprexa^®) added to the SSRI fluoxetine (Prozac^®, Prozac Weekly^®, Sarafem^®)
• Consider a nonmedicine treatment, such as:
  • Talk therapy: In this type of therapy, a trained therapist^* talks with you about how you think and feel about your depression. You might talk about specific symptoms or life events, ways to cope, or ways to address problems. Sometimes a therapist has talk therapy with a group of people (called “group therapy”).
  • Exercise: Good exercises include those that get your heart rate up or strengthen or stretch your muscles, such as yoga.

Can research tell us which of these treatments is best?

There are many options that work to treat depression. But there is not enough research to know for sure which option might be best after an SSRI did not work or did not work well enough. Talk with your doctor about your options and which treatment you should try next. Treatments work differently for each person. You may need to try several treatments to find the one that works for you.

What are the possible side effects of these treatments?

The FDA lists the following possible side effects for antidepressants and antipsychotic medicines. Not everyone who takes one of these medicines will have side effects. Many of these side effects are temporary. Your doctor can suggest ways to lessen any side effects you may have. Never stop taking your medicine without first talking with your doctor.

What should I think about when deciding?

There are several things to think about when deciding with your doctor how to treat your depression when your SSRI is not working well.

• The possible benefits and side effects of each treatment
• Which treatment best fits your lifestyle and values
• The cost to you for each treatment

Talk with your doctor about what is important to you when choosing how to treat your depression. You may want to talk about:

• Which symptoms did not get better while you were taking an SSRI
• Any concerns you have about the possible side effects of medicines
• If a nonmedicine treatment might help your depression
• What aspects of your life or schedule may make one treatment option easier or more difficult for you than another

What are the costs of treatment?

The cost to you for medicines to treat your depression depends on:

• Your health insurance
• The dose (amount) you need to take
• Whether the medicine is available in a generic form

Ask your doctor

• Which treatment do you think I should try next? Why?
• How long should we wait to see if this new treatment is working?
• If I decide to take a medicine for my depression, how long will I need to take it?
• Will the medicine for my depression interact with any of the other medicines I am taking?
• What are the chances that I will have any side effects from the medicine for my depression?
• If I am pregnant or planning to become pregnant, can I still take medicine for my depression?
• What side effects should I be most concerned about?
• When should I tell you about any side effects that I am having?
• What will we do if the treatment you are suggesting does not make me feel better?