Search strategy

1. *Health Services Research/or health service$ research.mp.
2. service delivery.mp.
3. health system$.mp.
4. healthcare system$.mp.
5. Health Policy.mp. or *Health Policy/
6. ((health care or healthcare or hospital$ or service$) adj1 (administration or organi$ation or management or structure or govern* or financ* or account* or accredit* or policy or efficiency)).mp.
7. exp Primary Health Care/and (administration or organi$ation or management or structure or govern* or financ* or account* or accredit* or policy or efficiency).mp.
8. exp Governing Board/
9. Patient Safety.mp. or exp Patient Safety/
10. exp Medical Errors/
11. ((adverse event$ or infection$ or complication$) adj1 prevent*).mp.
12. Quality Improvement.mp. or exp Quality Improvement/
13. exp Total Quality Management/or *Risk Management/or change management.mp.
14. exp Organizational Culture/
15. leadership.mp. or exp Leadership/
16. exp Medical Records Systems, Computerized/
17. exp Operations Research/or operational research.mp.
18. exp “Appointments and Schedules”/or waiting time.mp.
19. exp Triage/or triage.mp.
20. ((integrat* or pathway or continuity or access* or model*or transition) adj2 (care or service$)).mp.
21. (exp Health Personnel/or (staff or professional$ or healthcare worker$ or health care worker$ or health worker$ or workforce$ or nurse$ or doctor$ or physician$ or trainee$ or consultant$ or general practitioner$ or surgeon$ or dentist$ or therapist$ or pharmacist$ or radiologist$ or pathologist$ or technician$ or assistant$).mp.) and (skill$ or training or education or competence or morale or burnout or absenteeism or retention or deploy* or workforce).mp.
22. exp Patient Education as Topic/
23. exp Patient Satisfaction/
24. *Disease Management/
25. (variation$ adj2 (care or service$ or outcome$ or mortality or process*)).mp.
26. ((organization* or organisation*) adj1 performance).mp.
27. implementation science$.mp.
28. *publication$/
29. bias$.mp. or “Bias (Epidemiology)”/
30. 28 and 29
31. publication bias.mp. or exp Publication Bias/
32. (bias$ adj3 (publication$ or disseminat$ or language$ or reporting or grey or gray or citation$ or time delay or time lag or national or country or location or conference or abstract or duplicat$ or multiple publication$)).tw.
33. ((reference$ or database$ or index$) adj2 bias$).tw.
34. (file adj1 drawer$).tw.
35. (time adj2 (completion or publication)).tw.
36. unpublished research.tw.
37. (fail$ adj2 publish$).tw.
38. (p-curve$ or p-hack*).tw.
39. (data adj2 dredg*).tw.
40. phishing.tw.
41. non-publication.tw.
42. selective report$.tw.
43. selective non report$.tw.
44. selective non-report$.tw.
45. outcome report$ bias.tw.
46. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27
47. 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 40 or 41 or 42 or 43 or 44 or 45
48. 46 and 47

Search strategy

1. health services research/
2. health service$ research.mp.
3. service delivery.mp.
4. health system$.mp.
5. health care system/
6. healthcare system$.mp.
7. health care policy/
8. Health Policy.mp.
9. ((health care or healthcare or hospital$ or service$) adj1 (administration or organi$ation or management or structure or govern* or financ* or account* or accredit* or policy or efficiency)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
10. exp Primary Health Care/and (administration or organi$ation or management or structure or govern* or financ* or account* or accredit* or policy or efficiency).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
11. Governing Board.mp. or “board of trustees”/
12. exp patient safety/
13. patient safety.mp.
14. Medical Errors.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
15. ((adverse event$ or infection$ or complication$) adj1 prevent*).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
16. Quality Improvement.mp. or total quality management/
17. Total Quality Management/or *Risk Management/or change management.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
18. Organizational Culture.mp.
19. Leadership.mp. or leadership/
20. electronic medical record/or medical record/or Medical Records Systems.mp.
21. Operations Research/or operational research.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
22. “Appointments and Schedules”/or waiting time.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
23. Triage.mp.
24. ((integrat* or pathway or continuity or access* or model*or transition) adj2 (care or service$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
25. (exp Health Personnel/or (staff or professional$ or healthcare worker$ or health care worker$ or health worker$ or workforce$ or nurse$ or doctor$ or physician$ or trainee$ or consultant$ or general practitioner$ or surgeon$ or dentist$ or therapist$ or pharmacist$ or radiologist$ or pathologist$ or technician$ or assistant$).mp.) and (skill$ or training or education or competence or morale or burnout or absenteeism or retention or deploy* or workforce).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
26. exp patient education/
27. exp patient satisfaction/
28. disease management/
29. (variation$ adj2 (care or service$ or outcome$ or mortality or process*)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
30. ((organization* or organisation*) adj1 performance).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
31. implementation science$.mp.
32. publication bias.mp.
33. (bias$ adj3 (publication$ or disseminat$ or language$ or reporting or grey or gray or citation$ or time delay or time lag or national or country or location or conference or abstract or duplicat$ or multiple publication$)).tw,ot.
34. ((reference$ or database$ or index$) adj2 bias$).tw.
35. (file adj1 drawer$).tw.
36. (time adj2 (completion or publication)).tw.
37. unpublished research.tw.
38. (fail$ adj2 publish$).tw.
39. (p-curve$ or p-hack*).tw.
40. (data adj2 dredg*).tw.
41. phishing.tw.
42. non-publication.tw.
43. *publication$/
44. bias$.mp.
45. 43 and 44
46. selective report$.tw.
47. selective non report$.tw.
48. selective non-report$.tw.
49. outcome report$ bias.tw.
50. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31
51. 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 40 or 41 or 42 or 45 or 46 or 47 or 48 or 49
52. 50 and 51

Parts of this appendix have been reproduced from Ayorinde et al.⁵⁴ This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The text above includes minor additions and formatting changes to the original text.