These are the generic recommendations and it is recognized that exceptions apply (e.g., some health centers will send out some tests). Where appropriate these tests may used for public health surveillance and quality assurance activities.

Primary health care services are those providing first point of contact with the health care system.

District level is defined as hospital at the first referral level that is responsible for a district of a defined geographical area containing a defined population and governed by a politico-administrative organization such as a district health management team.

In some smaller countries there may not be regional laboratories.

Including the national reference laboratory or public health laboratory, which is usually responsible for quality assurance and surveillance activities.

“Send out” refers to not having the testing capability on site and samples or patients are sent to another site for the actual test to be performed.

HIV DR testing is only recommended as part of national efforts for surveillance and monitoring as outlined in WHO HIV DR strategy and is usually done by sending out to an accredited international lab.

May be done at national level or sent to accredited lab.

May need to reconsider recommendation at primary care level.

WHO ART guidelines recommend in context of efavirenz initiation.

Pregnancy test not recommended for routine pregnancy care at the primary level. Most women seek antenatal care when pregnancy is “obvious” and the pregnancy test does not add additional information.

References for Summary of WHO recommendations on laboratory investigations for clinical care by level of health care facility are available at http://www​.who.int/hiv​/amds/WHOLabRecommendation-BylevelFinal.pdf

These are the generic recommendations and it is recognized that exceptions apply (e.g., some health centers will send out some tests). Where appropriate these tests may used for public health surveillance and quality assurance activities.

Primary health care services are those providing first point of contact with the health care system.

District level is defined as hospital at the first referral level that is responsible for a district of a defined geographical area containing a defined population and governed by a politico-administrative organization such as a district health management team.

In some smaller countries there may not be regional laboratories.

Including the national reference laboratory or public health laboratory, which is usually responsible for quality assurance and surveillance activities.

At some health centres depending on specimen load.

Given complexity of usng DSTs may need adaptation.

Provision guided by Hepatitis C prevalence.

High prevalence, Low IDU and for sureiillance.