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DHHC palmitoyltransferase This entry refers to the DHHC domain, found in DHHC proteins which are palmitoyltransferases. Palmitoylation or, more specifically S-acylation, plays important roles in the regulation of protein localization, stability, and activity. It is a post-translational protein modification that involves the attachment of palmitic acid to Cys residues through a thioester linkage. Protein acyltransferases (PATs), also known as palmitoyltransferases, catalyze this reaction by transferring the palmitoyl group from palmitoyl-CoA to the thiol group of Cys residues. They are characterized by the presence of a 50-residue-long domain called the DHHC domain, which in most but not all cases is also cysteine-rich and gets its name from a highly conserved DHHC signature tetrapeptide (Asp-His-His-Cys). The Cys residue within the DHHC domain forms a stable acyl intermediate and transfers the acyl chain to the Cys residues of a target protein. Some proteins containing a DHHC domain include Drosophila DNZ1 protein, Mouse Abl-philin 2 (Aph2) protein, Mammalian ZDHHC9, Yeast ankyrin repeat-containing protein AKR1, Yeast Erf2 protein, and Arabidopsis thaliana tip growth defective 1. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",