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histone-fold domain found in histone H4 and similar proteins Histone H4 is a core component of the nucleosome, which wraps and compacts DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication, and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called the histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
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