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Phage-encoded virulence factor PAGK represents a new of virulence factors that is translocated into the host cytoplasm via bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV). Members are small proteins composed of ~70 amino acids. In Salmonella they are secreted independently of the SPI-2 type-III secretion system, T3SS. The OMV functions as a vehicle for transferring virulence determinants to the cytoplasm of the infected host cell. OMVs are released from the cell envelopes of Gram-negative bacteria and comprise a variety of outer membrane and periplasmic constituents, including proteins, phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, and DNA. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",