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FST follistatin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 10468, updated on 10-Dec-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
FSTprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
follistatinprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:3971
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000134363 MIM:136470; AllianceGenome:HGNC:3971
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
FS
Summary
Follistatin is a single-chain gonadal protein that specifically inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone release. The single FST gene encodes two isoforms, FST317 and FST344 containing 317 and 344 amino acids respectively, resulting from alternative splicing of the precursor mRNA. In a study in which 37 candidate genes were tested for linkage and association with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hyperandrogenemia in 150 families, evidence was found for linkage between PCOS and follistatin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Broad expression in liver (RPKM 13.6), placenta (RPKM 7.9) and 16 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See FST in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
5q11.2
Exon count:
7
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (53480629..53487134)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (54308436..54314946)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (52776459..52782964)

Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105378965 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_86008 Neighboring gene RPL13AP13-RPS19P4 intergenic nontranscribed chromatin-defined enhancer Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15081 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5487 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S19 pseudogene 4 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22546 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr5:52786330-52787529 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:52840750-52841391 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22547 Neighboring gene NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:52966977-52967961 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:53007961-53008462 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124900975

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Circulating follistatin in patients with chronic kidney disease: implications for muscle strength, bone mineral density, inflammation, and survival. Miyamoto T, et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2011 May. PMID 21350111, Free PMC Article
  2. Activin A and follistatin in menstrual blood: low concentrations in women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Reis FM, et al. Reprod Sci, 2007 May. PMID 17644811
  3. Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Follistatin in Solid Tumours. Shi L, et al. Cancer Genomics Proteomics, 2016 11-12. PMID 27807065, Free PMC Article
  4. The transgenic expression of human follistatin-344 increases skeletal muscle mass in pigs. Chang F, et al. Transgenic Res, 2017 Feb. PMID 27787698
  5. Follistatin suppresses the production of experimental multiple-organ metastasis by small cell lung cancer cells in natural killer cell-depleted SCID mice. Ogino H, et al. Clin Cancer Res, 2008 Feb 1. PMID 18245525

See all (145) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Follistatin-respiratory connection predicting all-cause mortality among community-dwelling middle-to-old age individuals: Results from the I-Lan Longitudinal Study.
    Title: Follistatin-respiratory connection predicting all-cause mortality among community-dwelling middle-to-old age individuals: Results from the I-Lan Longitudinal Study.
  2. Potential Utility of Urinary Follistatin as a Non-Invasive Indicator of Acute Tubular Damage in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury.
    Title: Potential Utility of Urinary Follistatin as a Non-Invasive Indicator of Acute Tubular Damage in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury.
  3. Elevated circulating follistatin associates with increased risk of mortality and cardiometabolic disorders.
    Title: Elevated circulating follistatin associates with increased risk of mortality and cardiometabolic disorders.
  4. Low follistatin level is a causal risk factor for spontaneous abortion: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.
    Title: Low follistatin level is a causal risk factor for spontaneous abortion: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.
  5. Follistatin and follistatin-like 3 in metabolic disorders.
    Title: Follistatin and follistatin-like 3 in metabolic disorders.
  6. Follistatin-controlled activin-HNF4alpha-coagulation factor axis in liver progenitor cells determines outcome of acute liver failure.
    Title: Follistatin-controlled activin-HNF4α-coagulation factor axis in liver progenitor cells determines outcome of acute liver failure.
  7. Effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on circulating follistatin, activin A, and peripheral ActRIIB signaling in humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
    Title: Effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on circulating follistatin, activin A, and peripheral ActRIIB signaling in humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
  8. Identification of frailty and sarcopenia in hospitalised older people.
    Title: Identification of frailty and sarcopenia in hospitalised older people.
  9. Clinical relevance of circulating activin A and follistatin in small cell lung cancer.
    Title: Clinical relevance of circulating activin A and follistatin in small cell lung cancer.
  10. Serum Follistatin Is Increased in Thyroid Cancer and Is Associated With Adverse Tumor Characteristics in Humans.
    Title: Serum Follistatin Is Increased in Thyroid Cancer and Is Associated With Adverse Tumor Characteristics in Humans.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (106)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study identifies three novel susceptibility loci for severe Acne vulgaris.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of follistatin (FST) by shRNA library screening inhibits HIV-1 replication in cultured Jurkat T-cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables activin binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables activin binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables activin receptor antagonist activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in BMP signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in ameloblast differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cell differentiation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in female gonad development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in gamete generation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in hair follicle morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in keratinocyte proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in pattern specification process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of hair follicle development IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of BMP signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in response to organic cyclic compound IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in skeletal system development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in extracellular region IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
follistatin
Names
activin-binding protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_028911.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5196..11701
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_006350.5 → NP_006341.1  follistatin isoform FST317 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006341.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (FST317) uses an alternate splice junction at the 5' end of an exon compared to variant, that causes a frameshift. The resulting isoform (FST317) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform FST344.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008901, BC004107, BQ949678, DR760015
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS43315.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1
    Related
    ENSP00000380151.2, ENST00000396947.7
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00274
    Location:94 → 117
    FOLN; Follistatin-N-terminal domain-like
    smart00280
    Location:117 → 164
    KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors

  2. NM_013409.3 → NP_037541.1  follistatin isoform FST344 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_037541.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (FST344) encodes the longer isoform (FST344).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008901, BC004107, DR760015
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3959.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B5BU94, P19883, Q9BTH0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1
    Related
    ENSP00000256759.3, ENST00000256759.8
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00274
    Location:94 → 117
    FOLN; Follistatin-N-terminal domain-like
    smart00280
    Location:117 → 164
    KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    53480629..53487134
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_005248402.5 → XP_005248459.1  follistatin isoform X6

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00274
    Location:94 → 117
    FOLN; Follistatin-N-terminal domain-like
    smart00280
    Location:117 → 164
    KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors

  2. XM_005248400.5 → XP_005248457.1  follistatin isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00274
    Location:94 → 117
    FOLN; Follistatin-N-terminal domain-like
    smart00280
    Location:117 → 164
    KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors

  3. XM_047416631.1 → XP_047272587.1  follistatin isoform X7

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1

  4. XM_005248403.5 → XP_005248460.1  follistatin isoform X8

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005248460.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00274
    Location:94 → 117
    FOLN; Follistatin-N-terminal domain-like
    smart00280
    Location:117 → 164
    KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors

  5. XM_005248401.5 → XP_005248458.1  follistatin isoform X3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005248458.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00274
    Location:94 → 117
    FOLN; Follistatin-N-terminal domain-like
    smart00280
    Location:117 → 164
    KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors

  6. XM_017008954.2 → XP_016864443.1  follistatin isoform X5

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1

  7. XM_011543099.3 → XP_011541401.1  follistatin isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00274
    Location:162 → 185
    FOLN; Follistatin-N-terminal domain-like
    smart00280
    Location:112 → 159
    KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors
    pfam09289
    Location:90 → 111
    FOLN; Follistatin/Osteonectin-like EGF domain

  8. XM_024454326.2 → XP_024310094.1  follistatin isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00274
    Location:162 → 185
    FOLN; Follistatin-N-terminal domain-like
    smart00280
    Location:112 → 159
    KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors
    pfam09289
    Location:90 → 111
    FOLN; Follistatin/Osteonectin-like EGF domain

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    54308436..54314946
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054351435.1 → XP_054207410.1  follistatin isoform X6

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1

  2. XM_054351430.1 → XP_054207405.1  follistatin isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1

  3. XM_054351436.1 → XP_054207411.1  follistatin isoform X7

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1

  4. XM_054351437.1 → XP_054207412.1  follistatin isoform X8

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1

  5. XM_054351432.1 → XP_054207407.1  follistatin isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1

  6. XM_054351434.1 → XP_054207409.1  follistatin isoform X5

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1

  7. XM_054351438.1 → XP_054207413.1  follistatin isoform X9

  8. XM_054351439.1 → XP_054207414.1  follistatin isoform X10

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    H0YA75

  9. XM_054351440.1 → XP_054207415.1  follistatin isoform X11

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    H0YA75

  10. XM_054351431.1 → XP_054207406.1  follistatin isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1

  11. XM_054351433.1 → XP_054207408.1  follistatin isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FHE1
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P19883.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P19883

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