U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

MGLL monoglyceride lipase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 11343, updated on 10-Dec-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
MGLLprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
monoglyceride lipaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:17038
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000074416 MIM:609699; AllianceGenome:HGNC:17038
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
MGL; HUK5; MAGL; HU-K5
Summary
This gene encodes a serine hydrolase of the AB hydrolase superfamily that catalyzes the conversion of monoacylglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. The encoded protein plays a critical role in several physiological processes including pain and nociperception through hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Expression of this gene may play a role in cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]
Expression
Broad expression in fat (RPKM 103.8), esophagus (RPKM 51.9) and 19 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See MGLL in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
3q21.3
Exon count:
12
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (127689066..127823185, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (130423721..130557760, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (127407909..127542028, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14692 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14693 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20458 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127357688-127358188 Neighboring gene podocalyxin like 2 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:127386638-127386819 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14694 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14695 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14696 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127401604-127402139 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20459 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20460 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127408045-127408550 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127408551-127409056 Neighboring gene ankyrin repeat and BTB domain containing 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127420713-127421460 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127421461-127422206 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127425278-127425778 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:127425995-127426138 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127452841-127453756 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127456818-127457380 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107986127 Neighboring gene MGLL intron CAGE-defined high expression enhancer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20463 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20464 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127472805-127474004 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20468 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20469 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20470 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20471 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20472 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20473 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127509215-127509818 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127509819-127510421 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:127536190-127537389 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14697 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107986129 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105374096 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20475 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:127616018-127616222 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124909427

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. [Effect of monoacylglycerol lipase with proliferation of MHCC97H human liver cancer cells in vivo]. Zhu WP, et al. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi, 2019 Jul 20. PMID 31357777
  2. Crystal structure of a soluble form of human monoglyceride lipase in complex with an inhibitor at 1.35 Å resolution. Schalk-Hihi C, et al. Protein Sci, 2011 Apr. PMID 21308848, Free PMC Article
  3. Specific Inter-residue Interactions as Determinants of Human Monoacylglycerol Lipase Catalytic Competency: A ROLE FOR GLOBAL CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES. Tyukhtenko S, et al. J Biol Chem, 2016 Feb 5. PMID 26555264, Free PMC Article
  4. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL) polymorphism rs604300 interacts with childhood adversity to predict cannabis dependence symptoms and amygdala habituation: Evidence from an endocannabinoid system-level analysis. Carey CE, et al. J Abnorm Psychol, 2015 Nov. PMID 26595473, Free PMC Article
  5. Peroxide-Dependent MGL Sulfenylation Regulates 2-AG-Mediated Endocannabinoid Signaling in Brain Neurons. Dotsey EY, et al. Chem Biol, 2015 May 21. PMID 26000748, Free PMC Article

See all (79) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Inhibition of MAGL attenuates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Delaying nucleus pulposus senescence through STING.
    Title: Inhibition of MAGL attenuates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Delaying nucleus pulposus senescence through STING.
  2. MAGL protects against renal fibrosis through inhibiting tubular cell lipotoxicity.
    Title: MAGL protects against renal fibrosis through inhibiting tubular cell lipotoxicity.
  3. IL-8-induced CXCR2 down-regulation in circulating monocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma is partially dependent on MAGL.
    Title: IL-8-induced CXCR2 down-regulation in circulating monocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma is partially dependent on MAGL.
  4. Decreased serum levels of glycerol-3- phosphate dehydrogenase 1 and monoacylglycerol lipase act as diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer.
    Title: Decreased serum levels of glycerol-3- phosphate dehydrogenase 1 and monoacylglycerol lipase act as diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer.
  5. Research progress on FASN and MGLL in the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism and the relationship between tumor invasion and metastasis.
    Title: Research progress on FASN and MGLL in the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism and the relationship between tumor invasion and metastasis.
  6. Brain structural changes in cannabis dependence: association with MAGL.
    Title: Brain structural changes in cannabis dependence: association with MAGL.
  7. Dysregulated expression of monoacylglycerol lipase is a marker for anti-diabetic drug metformin-targeted therapy to correct impaired neurogenesis and spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease.
    Title: Dysregulated expression of monoacylglycerol lipase is a marker for anti-diabetic drug metformin-targeted therapy to correct impaired neurogenesis and spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease.
  8. Conformational gating, dynamics and allostery in human monoacylglycerol lipase.
    Title: Conformational gating, dynamics and allostery in human monoacylglycerol lipase.
  9. ARS2/MAGL signaling in glioblastoma stem cells promotes self-renewal and M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.
    Title: ARS2/MAGL signaling in glioblastoma stem cells promotes self-renewal and M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.
  10. Low mRNA expression and activity of monoacylglycerol lipase in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
    Title: Low mRNA expression and activity of monoacylglycerol lipase in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (51)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
A genome-wide search for common SNP x SNP interactions on the risk of venous thrombosis.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables lysophospholipase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables monoacylglycerol lipase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables monoacylglycerol lipase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables monoacylglycerol lipase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables monoacylglycerol lipase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in acylglycerol catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in acylglycerol catabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in arachidonate metabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in arachidonate metabolic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in fatty acid biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in inflammatory response TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in lipid metabolic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in monoacylglycerol catabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in regulation of endocannabinoid signaling pathway ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in regulation of inflammatory response ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in regulation of sensory perception of pain ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in regulation of signal transduction ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in triglyceride catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytosol ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in membrane ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
monoglyceride lipase
Names
lysophospholipase homolog
monoacylglycerol lipase
NP_001003794.1
NP_001243514.1
NP_001375241.1
NP_001375242.1
NP_001375243.1
NP_001375244.1
NP_001375245.1
NP_001375246.1
NP_001375247.1
NP_009214.1
XP_016861154.1
XP_047303339.1
XP_047303340.1
XP_054201093.1
XP_054201094.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001003794.3 → NP_001003794.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001003794.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region and initiates translation at a downstream, in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC023593, AJ270950, AL833254, BP307995, BX403703
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS43148.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KRC2, B7Z9D1, Q6IBG9, Q96AA5, Q99685
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A3B3ITT3
    Related
    ENSP00000381176.1, ENST00000398104.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:22 → 294
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  2. NM_001256585.2 → NP_001243514.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001243514.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an exon in the 3' coding region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC023593, AK304844, AL833254, BM051374, EU660904
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58852.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A3B3ITT3
    Related
    ENSP00000404146.2, ENST00000453507.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:32 → 274
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  3. NM_001388312.1 → NP_001375241.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform 4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC023593, AC117480
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:32 → 330
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  4. NM_001388313.1 → NP_001375242.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform 5

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC023593, AC117480
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:22 → 320
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  5. NM_001388314.1 → NP_001375243.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform 6

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC023593, AC117480
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A3B3ITT3
    Related
    ENSP00000497905.1, ENST00000648300.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:22 → 263
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  6. NM_001388315.1 → NP_001375244.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform 7

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC023593, AC117480
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2VYF8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:52 → 294
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  7. NM_001388316.1 → NP_001375245.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform 8

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC023593, AC117480
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A3B3ITT3, B2ZGL7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:22 → 264
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  8. NM_001388317.1 → NP_001375246.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform 9

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC023593, AC117480
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2VYF8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:52 → 268
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  9. NM_001388318.1 → NP_001375247.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform 9

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC023593, AC117480
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2VYF8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:52 → 268
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  10. NM_007283.7 → NP_009214.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_009214.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC023593, AL833254, BC006230
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46902.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0C4DFN3, A0A3B3ITT3
    Related
    ENSP00000265052.5, ENST00000265052.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:32 → 304
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    127689066..127823185 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047447384.1 → XP_047303340.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2VYF8

  2. XM_017005665.2 → XP_016861154.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2VYF8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:52 → 268
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  3. XM_047447383.1 → XP_047303339.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2VYF8

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    130423721..130557760 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054345118.1 → XP_054201093.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2VYF8

  2. XM_054345119.1 → XP_054201094.1  monoglyceride lipase isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q2VYF8
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q99685.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q99685

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous