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Gh growth hormone [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 14599, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Ghprovided by MGI
Official Full Name
growth hormoneprovided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:95707
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000020713 AllianceGenome:MGI:95707
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
Gh1; Ghb1
Summary
Enables growth hormone receptor binding activity. Acts upstream of or within cellular response to insulin stimulus; regulation of growth; and response to food. Located in several cellular components, including extracellular space; secretory granule; and trans-Golgi network. Is expressed in several structures, including early conceptus; gut; hemolymphoid system; male reproductive system; and pituitary gland. Used to study isolated growth hormone deficiency type II. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including anemia (multiple); autoimmune disease of endocrine system (multiple); diabetic retinopathy; isolated growth hormone deficiency (multiple); and progeria. Orthologous to several human genes including GH1 (growth hormone 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression
Biased expression in spleen adult (RPKM 2.1), mammary gland adult (RPKM 0.3) and 3 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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Location:
11 E1; 11 68.89 cM
Exon count:
6
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 11 NC_000077.7 (106191087..106194529, complement)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 11 NC_000077.6 (106300261..106303703, complement)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000077.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr11:106130475-106130662 Neighboring gene SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 2 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E598 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E3029 Neighboring gene testicular cell adhesion molecule 1 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E10721 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_30919 Neighboring gene CD79B antigen Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E7081 Neighboring gene sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IV, alpha Neighboring gene proline rich 29

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Cloning and characterisation of the GH gene from the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). Maniou Z, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2002 Jul. PMID 12225773
  2. Growth hormone stimulates adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through activation of the Stat5A/5B-PPARgamma pathway. Kawai M, et al. J Mol Endocrinol, 2007 Feb. PMID 17242167
  3. Analysis of gender difference of cardiac risk biomarkers using hGH-transgenic mice. Naraoka H, et al. Exp Anim, 2006 Jan. PMID 16508206
  4. UV photodegradation of murine growth hormone: chemical analysis and immunogenicity consequences. Fradkin AH, et al. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2014 Jul. PMID 24758742, Free PMC Article
  5. Transgene transmission to progeny by oMt1a-oGH transgenic mice. Thomas AD, et al. Transgenic Res, 2005 Aug. PMID 16201410

See all (376) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Growth Hormone Action in Somatostatin Neurons Regulates Anxiety and Fear Memory.
    Title: Growth Hormone Action in Somatostatin Neurons Regulates Anxiety and Fear Memory.
  2. Tmem263 deletion disrupts the GH/IGF-1 axis and causes dwarfism and impairs skeletal acquisition.
    Title: Tmem263 deletion disrupts the GH/IGF-1 axis and causes dwarfism and impairs skeletal acquisition.
  3. Promotion of Joint Degeneration and Chondrocyte Metabolic Dysfunction by Excessive Growth Hormone in Mice.
    Title: Promotion of Joint Degeneration and Chondrocyte Metabolic Dysfunction by Excessive Growth Hormone in Mice.
  4. microRNA-449a reduces growth hormone-stimulated senescent cell burden through PI3K-mTOR signaling.
    Title: microRNA-449a reduces growth hormone-stimulated senescent cell burden through PI3K-mTOR signaling.
  5. Ghrelin Gene Deletion Alters Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion in Adult Female Mice.
    Title: Ghrelin Gene Deletion Alters Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion in Adult Female Mice.
  6. Neurochemical phenotype of growth hormone-responsive cells in the mouse paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
    Title: Neurochemical phenotype of growth hormone-responsive cells in the mouse paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
  7. Growth Hormone Pulses and Liver Gene Expression Are Differentially Regulated by the Circadian Clock Gene Bmal1.
    Title: Growth Hormone Pulses and Liver Gene Expression Are Differentially Regulated by the Circadian Clock Gene Bmal1.
  8. Stimulation of endogenous pulsatile growth hormone secretion by activation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor reduces the fat accumulation and improves the insulin sensitivity in obese mice.
    Title: Stimulation of endogenous pulsatile growth hormone secretion by activation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor reduces the fat accumulation and improves the insulin sensitivity in obese mice.
  9. Insulin synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates pituitary growth hormone production.
    Title: Insulin synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates pituitary growth hormone production.
  10. GH directly inhibits steatosis and liver injury in a sex-dependent and IGF1-independent manner.
    Title: GH directly inhibits steatosis and liver injury in a sex-dependent and IGF1-independent manner.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (121)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables cytokine activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables growth factor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables growth factor activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables growth hormone receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables growth hormone receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables growth hormone receptor binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables hormone activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables hormone activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables hormone activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables prolactin receptor binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in animal organ development IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to alkaline pH IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to insulin stimulus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in female pregnancy IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in lung alveolus development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in lung alveolus development ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in neuroblast proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in neuroblast proliferation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of growth ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of multicellular organism growth IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of neurogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of neurogenesis ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in regulation of response to nutrient levels IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of response to nutrient levels ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in response to cytokine IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to estradiol IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to food IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to light stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to light stimulus ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in response to nutrient levels IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in endoplasmic reticulum ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in extracellular space ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
part_of growth hormone receptor complex ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in secretory granule IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in secretory granule ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in trans-Golgi network IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in vesicle ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
somatotropin
Names
growth hormone b1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_008117.3 → NP_032143.1  somatotropin precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032143.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AK019954, AK030419, AL604045, BB024006
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS25554.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P06880, Q544X1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0M6L0K7, Q9R2C3
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000099360.4, ENSMUST00000103071.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd10285
    Location:35 → 214
    somatotropin_like; Somatotropin or growth hormone (GH), placental lactogen, and related pituitary gland hormones

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000077.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    106191087..106194529 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_006532223.3 → XP_006532286.1  somatotropin isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q9R2C3
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd10285
    Location:54 → 233
    somatotropin_like; Somatotropin or growth hormone (GH), placental lactogen, and related pituitary gland hormones
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P06880.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P06880

Gene LinkOut

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