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PAEP progestagen associated endometrial protein [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5047, updated on 10-Dec-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PAEPprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
progestagen associated endometrial proteinprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:8573
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000122133 MIM:173310; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8573
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GD; GdA; GdF; GdS; PEP; PAEG; PP14; ZIF-1
Summary
This gene is a member of the kernel lipocalin superfamily whose members share relatively low sequence similarity but have highly conserved exon/intron structure and three-dimensional protein folding. Most lipocalins are clustered on the long arm of chromosome 9. The encoded glycoprotein has been previously referred to as pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-2-globulin, placental protein 14, and glycodelin, but has been officially named progestagen-associated endometrial protein. Three distinct forms, with identical protein backbones but different glycosylation profiles, are found in amniotic fluid, follicular fluid and seminal plasma of the reproductive system. These glycoproteins have distinct and essential roles in regulating a uterine environment suitable for pregnancy and in the timing and occurrence of the appropriate sequence of events in the fertilization process. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]
Expression
Restricted expression toward endometrium (RPKM 125.9) See more
Orthologs
all
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Genomic context

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See PAEP in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
9q34.3
Exon count:
7
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 9 NC_000009.12 (135561756..135566955)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 9 NC_060933.1 (147789564..147794795)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 9 NC_000009.11 (138453602..138458801)

Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene odorant binding protein 2A Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107987040 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:138457239-138457870 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1502 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105376316 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:138479168-138479918 Neighboring gene progestagen associated endometrial protein pseudogene 1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Expression of the glycodelin A gene and the detection of its protein in tissues and serum of ovarian carcinoma patients. Richter C, et al. Anticancer Res, 2007 Jul-Aug. PMID 17649816
  2. Placental protein 14 regulates selective B cell responses. Yaniv E, et al. Cell Immunol, 2003 Apr. PMID 12826085
  3. Glycodelin A, not glycodelin S, is apoptotically active. Relevance of sialic acid modification. Mukhopadhyay D, et al. J Biol Chem, 2004 Mar 5. PMID 14679205
  4. The contribution of D-mannose, L-fucose, N-acetylglucosamine, and selectin residues on the binding of glycodelin isoforms to human spermatozoa. Chiu PC, et al. Biol Reprod, 2004 Jun. PMID 14973265
  5. Differential regulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine responses by placental protein 14. Mishan-Eisenberg G, et al. J Immunol, 2004 Nov 1. PMID 15494501

See all (139) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Pregnancy Zone Protein (PZP) is significantly upregulated in the decidua of recurrent and spontaneous miscarriage and negatively correlated to Glycodelin A (GdA).
    Title: Pregnancy Zone Protein (PZP) is significantly upregulated in the decidua of recurrent and spontaneous miscarriage and negatively correlated to Glycodelin A (GdA).
  2. Glycodelin is internalized by peripheral monocytes.
    Title: Glycodelin is internalized by peripheral monocytes.
  3. Glycodelin regulates the numbers and function of peripheral natural killer cells.
    Title: Glycodelin regulates the numbers and function of peripheral natural killer cells.
  4. Altered glycosylation of glycodelin in endometrial carcinoma.
    Title: Altered glycosylation of glycodelin in endometrial carcinoma.
  5. the findings of this study provide evidence that inhibiting these targets affects the expression of glycodelin and its immunosuppressive effect in nonsmall cell lung cancer tumours. Moreover, understanding the regulation of glycodelin expression may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches with which to weaken the immune system defence of NSCLC tumours in the future
    Title: Pathways regulating the expression of the immunomodulatory protein glycodelin in non‑small cell lung cancer.
  6. serum levels higher in preeclamptic group as compared to controls and higher in severe than in mild preeclampsia
    Title: Maternal serum glycodelin levels in preeclampsia and its relationship with the severity of the disease.
  7. This study indicate that GdA is a complex glycoprotein including up to 6 different glycoforms specifically expressed during the different phase of the menstrual cycle; in pathologic conditions such as endometriosis, the expression profile is altered possibly related to the impaired endometrial receptivity.
    Title: Dysregulation of GdA Expression in Endometrium of Women With Endometriosis: Implication for Endometrial Receptivity.
  8. The results from the present study suggested that PP14 may be a novel potential biomarker for PPROM, and may be developed into a lateral flow assay for bedside application to rapidly diagnose PPROM.
    Title: Placental protein 14 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes.
  9. PKCdelta, via MAPK pathway, is involved in the glycodelin-driven cell differentiation.
    Title: Repressed PKCδ activation in glycodelin-expressing cells mediates resistance to phorbol ester and TGFβ.
  10. inverse relationship between glycodelin immunostaining and cervical intraephitelial neoplasia grade in pregnant patients
    Title: Glycodelin expression in pregnant patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a case-control study.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (88)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride (3HP) modified glycodelin GdA and GdS proteins inhibit HIV-1 gp120-CD4 binding and induce anti-HIV activity PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC138509, MGC142288

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables small molecule binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in apoptotic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of sperm capacitation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
glycodelin
Names
PEG
PP14 protein (placental protein 14)
alpha uterine protein
glycodelin-A
glycodelin-F
glycodelin-S
placental protein 14
pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-2 globulin
progestagen-associated endometrial protein (placental protein 14, pregnancy-associated endometrial a
progesterone-associated endometrial protein
zona-binding inhibitory factor-1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001018048.2 → NP_001018058.1  glycodelin isoform 2 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate, in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2 which is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK304657, AL050169, AL354761, DC421713
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4E3C0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00061
    Location:32 → 153
    Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family

  2. NM_001018049.3 → NP_001018059.1  glycodelin isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001018059.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK309983, AL050169, AL354761, BC113728, M61886
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS35173.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P09466, Q5T6T1, Q9UG92
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R4F9
    Related
    ENSP00000277508.5, ENST00000277508.9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00061
    Location:34 → 175
    Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family

  3. NM_002571.4 → NP_002562.2  glycodelin isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002562.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate, in-frame splice site in the 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. It encodes the same protein as variant 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK311813, AL050169, AL354761, J04129
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS35173.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P09466, Q5T6T1, Q9UG92
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R4F9
    Related
    ENSP00000417898.1, ENST00000479141.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00061
    Location:34 → 175
    Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000009.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    135561756..135566955
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011518746.3 → XP_011517048.1  glycodelin isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011517048.1

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00061
    Location:34 → 199
    Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family

  2. XM_011518745.3 → XP_011517047.1  glycodelin isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011517047.1

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00061
    Location:34 → 199
    Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family

  3. XM_011518752.3 → XP_011517054.1  glycodelin isoform X5

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011517054.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A6XNE0
    Related
    ENSP00000484659.1, ENST00000611414.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00061
    Location:34 → 104
    Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family

  4. XM_011518748.2 → XP_011517050.1  glycodelin isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4E3C0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00061
    Location:32 → 177
    Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family

  5. XM_011518751.2 → XP_011517053.1  glycodelin isoform X4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011517053.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4E3C0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00061
    Location:32 → 153
    Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family

  6. XM_017014782.3 → XP_016870271.1  glycodelin isoform X6

  7. XM_011518747.2 → XP_011517049.1  glycodelin isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011517049.1

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00061
    Location:34 → 199
    Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family

  8. XM_011518749.2 → XP_011517051.1  glycodelin isoform X3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011517051.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P09466, Q5T6T1, Q9UG92
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R4F9
    Related
    ENSP00000360831.1, ENST00000371766.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00061
    Location:34 → 175
    Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family

  9. XM_017014783.2 → XP_016870272.1  glycodelin isoform X7

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060933.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    147789564..147794795
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P09466.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P09466

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