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RRAD RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulator [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 6236, updated on 26-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
RRADprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulatorprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:10446
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000166592 MIM:179503; AllianceGenome:HGNC:10446
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
RAD; RAD1; REM3
Summary
Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and calcium channel regulator activity. Predicted to be involved in small GTPase-mediated signal transduction. Predicted to be located in T-tubule. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. Implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomarker of congestive heart failure. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression
Biased expression in heart (RPKM 57.6), esophagus (RPKM 28.6) and 11 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See RRAD in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
16q22.1
Exon count:
5
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (66921685..66925535, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (72715985..72719835, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (66955588..66959438, complement)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66933011-66933906 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984821 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66933907-66934800 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs1760 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66945849-66946350 Neighboring gene cadherin 16 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66955545-66956068 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66956069-66956592 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7571 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7572 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66961058-66962257 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10945 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10946 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66969029-66969641 Neighboring gene cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly component 2B Neighboring gene carboxylesterase 2 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66974461-66974960 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66975020-66976219

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. RRAD inhibits aerobic glycolysis, invasion, and migration and is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Shang R, et al. Tumour Biol, 2016 Apr. PMID 26546438
  2. Rad knockdown induces mitochondrial apoptosis in bortezomib resistant leukemia and lymphoma cells. Yeom SY, et al. Leuk Res, 2012 Sep. PMID 22658652
  3. Aberrant methylation of the Ras-related associated with diabetes gene in human primary esophageal cancer. Jin Z, et al. Anticancer Res, 2013 Nov. PMID 24222170
  4. Rad GTPase inhibits the NFκB pathway through interacting with RelA/p65 to impede its DNA binding and target gene transactivation. Hsiao BY, et al. Cell Signal, 2014 Jul. PMID 24632303
  5. Promoter hypermethylation of Ras-related GTPase gene RRAD inactivates a tumor suppressor function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mo Y, et al. Cancer Lett, 2012 Oct 28. PMID 22487779

See all (49) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Friend or Foe: Regulation, Downstream Effectors of RRAD in Cancer.
    Title: Friend or Foe: Regulation, Downstream Effectors of RRAD in Cancer.
  2. Reconstitution of beta-adrenergic regulation of CaV1.2: Rad-dependent and Rad-independent protein kinase A mechanisms.
    Title: Reconstitution of β-adrenergic regulation of Ca(V)1.2: Rad-dependent and Rad-independent protein kinase A mechanisms.
  3. RRAD expression in gastric and colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis.
    Title: RRAD expression in gastric and colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis.
  4. RRAD mutation causes electrical and cytoskeletal defects in cardiomyocytes derived from a familial case of Brugada syndrome.
    Title: RRAD mutation causes electrical and cytoskeletal defects in cardiomyocytes derived from a familial case of Brugada syndrome.
  5. this study established RRAD to be a biomarker as well as a novel negative regulator of cellular senescence.
    Title: Pan-senescence transcriptome analysis identified RRAD as a marker and negative regulator of cellular senescence.
  6. our study revealed that RRAD expression was decreased in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor tissues and predicted poor clinical outcome for HCC patients and played an important role in regulating aerobic glycolysis and cell invasion and metastasis and may represent potential targets for improving the treatment of HCC
    Title: RRAD inhibits aerobic glycolysis, invasion, and migration and is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  7. Data show that Ras-related associated with diabetes protein (RRAD) directly binds to the p65 subunit of the NF-kappa B (NF-kappaB)complex and inhibits the nuclear translocation of p65, which in turn negatively regulates the NF-kappaB signaling
    Title: RRAD inhibits the Warburg effect through negative regulation of the NF-κB signaling.
  8. Brg1 inhibits proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells by directly up-regulating RRAD in aortic dissection.
    Title: Brahma-related gene 1 inhibits proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells by directly up-regulating Ras-related associated with diabetes in the pathophysiologic processes of aortic dissection.
  9. RRAD promotes EGFR-mediated STAT3 activation and induces temozolomide resistance of malignant glioblastoma.
    Title: RRAD promotes EGFR-mediated STAT3 activation and induces temozolomide resistance of malignant glioblastoma.
  10. RRAD expression is frequently decreased in lung cancer. Ectopic expression of RRAD greatly reduces glycolysis whereas knockdown of RRAD promotes glycolysis in lung cancer cells.
    Title: Tumor suppressor p53 negatively regulates glycolysis stimulated by hypoxia through its target RRAD.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (24)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables GTP binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables GTPase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables calcium channel regulator activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables calmodulin binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in small GTPase-mediated signal transduction TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
GTP-binding protein RAD
Names
RAS (RAD and GEM) like GTP binding 3
RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inihibitor and calcium channel regulator
Ras-related associated with diabetes
ras associated with diabetes
NP_001122322.1
NP_004156.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001128850.2 → NP_001122322.1  GTP-binding protein RAD

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001122322.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC057815
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10824.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P55042, Q96F39
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3J8
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd04148
    Location:92 → 308
    RGK; Rem, Rem2, Rad, Gem/Kir (RGK) subfamily of Ras GTPases
    smart00173
    Location:92 → 252
    RAS; Ras subfamily of RAS small GTPases

  2. NM_004165.3 → NP_004156.1  GTP-binding protein RAD

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004156.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice junction in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    BP257026, L24564, N93445
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10824.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P55042, Q96F39
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K3J8
    Related
    ENSP00000299759.6, ENST00000299759.11
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd04148
    Location:92 → 308
    RGK; Rem, Rem2, Rad, Gem/Kir (RGK) subfamily of Ras GTPases
    smart00173
    Location:92 → 252
    RAS; Ras subfamily of RAS small GTPases

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    66921685..66925535 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    72715985..72719835 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P55042.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P55042

Gene LinkOut

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