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OPN4 opsin 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 94233, updated on 10-Dec-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
OPN4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
opsin 4provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:14449
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000122375 MIM:606665; AllianceGenome:HGNC:14449
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
MOP
Summary
Opsins are members of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor superfamily. This gene encodes a photoreceptive opsin protein that is expressed within the ganglion and amacrine cell layers of the retina. In mouse, retinal ganglion cell axons expressing this gene projected to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other brain nuclei involved in circadian photoentrainment. In mouse, this protein is coupled to a transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel through a G protein signaling pathway and produces a physiologic light response via membrane depolarization and increased intracellular calcium. The protein functions as a sensory photopigment and may also have photoisomerase activity. Experiments with knockout mice indicate that this gene attenuates, but does not abolish, photoentrainment. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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Genomic context

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See OPN4 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
10q23.2
Exon count:
11
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 10 NC_000010.11 (86654547..86666460)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 10 NC_060934.1 (87538707..87550619)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 10 NC_000010.10 (88414304..88426217)

Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105378406 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_17874 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88344487-88344988 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3692 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88357227-88357727 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3693 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3694 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_17897 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88409215-88409901 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88409902-88410587 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88411272-88412121 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 8 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105378409 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3695 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr10:88433149-88433337 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_17910 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88441665-88442166 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88442167-88442666 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs2143 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88459642-88460142 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88460143-88460643 Neighboring gene LIM domain binding 3 Neighboring gene hESC enhancers GRCh37_chr10:88470545-88471164 and GRCh37_chr10:88471165-88471784 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3696 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2573 Neighboring gene bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88552774-88553500 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88597221-88597813 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2574 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:88615649-88616230 Neighboring gene RNA polymerase II associated protein 2 pseudogene 1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Melanopsin and rod-cone photoreceptors play different roles in mediating pupillary light responses during exposure to continuous light in humans. Gooley JJ, et al. J Neurosci, 2012 Oct 10. PMID 23055493, Free PMC Article
  2. The distribution of melanopsin (OPN4) protein in the human brain. Nissilä JS, et al. Chronobiol Int, 2017. PMID 27690288
  3. Individual Differences in Sleep Timing Relate to Melanopsin-Based Phototransduction in Healthy Adolescents and Young Adults. van der Meijden WP, et al. Sleep, 2016 Jun 1. PMID 27091519, Free PMC Article
  4. Melanopsin tristability for sustained and broadband phototransduction. Emanuel AJ, et al. Neuron, 2015 Mar 4. PMID 25741728, Free PMC Article
  5. Opponent melanopsin and S-cone signals in the human pupillary light response. Spitschan M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014 Oct 28. PMID 25313040, Free PMC Article

See all (60) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Melanopsin in the human and chicken choroid.
    Title: Melanopsin in the human and chicken choroid.
  2. Melanopsin-mediated amplification of cone signals in the human visual cortex.
    Title: Melanopsin-mediated amplification of cone signals in the human visual cortex.
  3. The melanopsin-mediated pupil response is reduced in idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time.
    Title: The melanopsin-mediated pupil response is reduced in idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time.
  4. Melanopsin (Opn4) is an oncogene in cutaneous melanoma.
    Title: Melanopsin (Opn4) is an oncogene in cutaneous melanoma.
  5. Exosomal S100A4 derived from highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells promotes metastasis by activating STAT3.
    Title: Exosomal S100A4 derived from highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells promotes metastasis by activating STAT3.
  6. Targeting Opsin4/Melanopsin with a Novel Small Molecule Suppresses PKC/RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling and Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression.
    Title: Targeting Opsin4/Melanopsin with a Novel Small Molecule Suppresses PKC/RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling and Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression.
  7. Association of P10L Polymorphism in Melanopsin Gene with Chronic Insomnia in Mexicans.
    Title: Association of P10L Polymorphism in Melanopsin Gene with Chronic Insomnia in Mexicans.
  8. OPN4 belongs to the photosensitive system of the human skin.
    Title: OPN4 belongs to the photosensitive system of the human skin.
  9. Melanopsin mediates UVA-dependent modulation of proliferation, pigmentation, apoptosis, and molecular clock in normal and malignant melanocytes.
    Title: Melanopsin mediates UVA-dependent modulation of proliferation, pigmentation, apoptosis, and molecular clock in normal and malignant melanocytes.
  10. A quantitative analysis of the contribution of melanopsin to brightness perception.
    Title: A quantitative analysis of the contribution of melanopsin to brightness perception.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (36)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of opsin 4 (OPN4) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC142118

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables 11-cis retinal binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to light stimulus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in detection of visible light IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in hyaloid vascular plexus regression ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in optokinetic behavior ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in phototransduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in phototransduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in retina development in camera-type eye IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in rhythmic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in thermotaxis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in visual perception IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in axon IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in dendrite IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in perikaryon IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in photoreceptor disc membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in sperm head plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
melanopsin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001030015.3 → NP_001025186.1  melanopsin isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001025186.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) includes an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a longer protein (isoform 2) compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC067750, BC113558, BM672338, CD634966, CD634974
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS31237.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9UHM6
    Related
    ENSP00000361141.2, ENST00000372071.7
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam00001
    Location:87 → 361
    7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)
    cl21561
    Location:78 → 256
    7tm_4; Olfactory receptor

  2. NM_033282.4 → NP_150598.1  melanopsin isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_150598.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the shorter transcript and encodes the shorter isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC067750, BC113558, BM672338, CD634966
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS7376.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B7ZLB3, Q14D01, Q2PP22, Q8NGQ9, Q9UHM6
    Related
    ENSP00000241891.5, ENST00000241891.10
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam00001
    Location:87 → 350
    7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)
    cl21561
    Location:78 → 245
    7tm_4; Olfactory receptor

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    86654547..86666460
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_017016955.2 → XP_016872444.1  melanopsin isoform X1

  2. XM_017016956.2 → XP_016872445.1  melanopsin isoform X2

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    87538707..87550619
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054367200.1 → XP_054223175.1  melanopsin isoform X1

  2. XM_054367201.1 → XP_054223176.1  melanopsin isoform X2

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9UHM6.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9UHM6

Gene LinkOut

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