DR1 down-regulator of transcription 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: DR1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: down-regulator of transcription 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:3017
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000117505 MIM:601482; AllianceGenome:HGNC:3017
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: NC2; NC2B; NCB2; NC2-BETA
Summary: This gene encodes a TBP- (TATA box-binding protein) associated phosphoprotein that represses both basal and activated levels of transcription. The encoded protein is phosphorylated in vivo and this phosphorylation affects its interaction with TBP. This protein contains a histone fold motif at the amino terminus, a TBP-binding domain, and a glutamine- and alanine-rich region. The binding of DR1 repressor complexes to TBP-promoter complexes may establish a mechanism in which an altered DNA conformation, together with the formation of higher order complexes, inhibits the assembly of the preinitiation complex and controls the rate of RNA polymerase II transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in testis (RPKM 31.0), lymph node (RPKM 21.9) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1p22.1

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	1	NC_000001.11 (93345907..93369493)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	1	NC_060925.1 (93191628..93215212)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	1	NC_000001.10 (93811464..93835050)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Downregulation of transcription 1 hinders the replication of Dabie bandavirus by promoting the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 signaling pathway.
Title: Downregulation of transcription 1 hinders the replication of Dabie bandavirus by promoting the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 signaling pathway.
Up-regulation of microRNA-203 in influenza A virus infection inhibits viral replication by targeting DR1.
Title: Up-regulation of microRNA-203 in influenza A virus infection inhibits viral replication by targeting DR1.
results suggest that DR1 are expressed in the osteosarcoma cells and inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by the down-regulation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt pathways.
Title: The effect and mechanism of dopamine D1 receptors on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells.
Knockdown of DR1 resulted in reductions of viral RNA and protein production, demonstrating that DR1 acts as a positive host factor in influenza A virus replication.
Title: A host susceptibility gene, DR1, facilitates influenza A virus replication by suppressing host innate immunity and enhancing viral RNA replication.
Basal core promoters control the equilibrium between negative cofactor 2 and preinitiation complexes in human cells.
Title: Basal core promoters control the equilibrium between negative cofactor 2 and preinitiation complexes in human cells.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Association of CR1, CLU and PICALM with Alzheimer's disease in a cohort of clinically characterized and neuropathologically verified individuals.
The physiological functions of human Dr1 include regulation of polymerase III transcription.
Title: Dr1 (NC2) is present at tRNA genes and represses their transcription in human cells.
heterodimerization with NC2alpha masks the nuclear localization signal in NC2beta, which prevents nuclear export of the NC2 complex
Title: Regulation of nuclear import and export of negative cofactor 2.
ATAC Is a GCN5/PCAF-containing acetylase complex with a novel NC2-like histone fold module that interacts with the TATA-binding protein
Title: Human ATAC Is a GCN5/PCAF-containing acetylase complex with a novel NC2-like histone fold module that interacts with the TATA-binding protein.
Data show that NC2beta is specifically involved in neuroblastoma pathogenesis and may be considered a new neuroblastoma biomarker.
Title: Involvement of GTA protein NC2beta in neuroblastoma pathogenesis suggests that it physiologically participates in the regulation of cell proliferation.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Tat	tat	Interaction of HIV-1 Tat with TBP/TFIID competes with negative cofactor Dr1 interaction with TBP, thereby inhibiting Dr1	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SHGC-83240 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:101134

D1S3361 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:22545

SHGC-56991 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:12422

RH79801 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:92629

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables TBP-class protein binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables TBP-class protein binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables TBP-class protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein heterodimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of cell cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell cycle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of cell division	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell division	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of embryonic development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of embryonic development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of tubulin deacetylation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of tubulin deacetylation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of ATAC complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of ATAC complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in mitotic spindle	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
part_of negative cofactor 2 complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in nucleoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: protein Dr1

Names: TATA-binding protein-associated phosphoprotein; negative cofactor 2; negative cofactor 2-beta

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001938.3 → NP_001929.1 protein Dr1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001929.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL137159, AL833729, BC035507

Consensus CDS

CCDS744.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q01658

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

D3DT41, Q658N3

Related

ENSP00000359295.3, ENST00000370272.9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl23735
Location:7 → 130

H4; Histone H4, one of the four histones, along with H2A, H2B and H3, which forms the eukaryotic nucleosome core; along with H3, it plays a central role in nucleosome formation; histones bind to DNA and wrap the genetic material into "beads on a string" in ...