Azin1 antizyme inhibitor 1 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Azin1provided by MGI
Official Full Name: antizyme inhibitor 1provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:1859169
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000037458 AllianceGenome:MGI:1859169
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: AZI; Oazi; Oazin; 1700085L02Rik
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 1, the first member of this gene family that is ubiquitously expressed, and is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Overexpression of antizyme inhibitor 1 gene has been associated with increased proliferation, cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. Gene knockout studies showed that homozygous mutant mice lacking functional antizyme inhibitor 1 gene died at birth with abnormal liver morphology. RNA editing of this gene, predominantly in the liver tissue, has been linked to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in small intestine adult (RPKM 42.0), duodenum adult (RPKM 41.1) and 28 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 15 B3.1; 15 15.17 cM

Exon count:: 13

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	15	NC_000081.7 (38487674..38523506, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	15	NC_000081.6 (38487430..38519294, complement)

Chromosome 15 - NC_000081.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

RNA editing of AZIN1 coding sites is catalyzed by ADAR1 p150 after splicing.
Title: RNA editing of AZIN1 coding sites is catalyzed by ADAR1 p150 after splicing.
Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 aggravated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury via targeting miR-150-5p/AZIN1.
Title: Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 aggravated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury via targeting miR-150-5p/AZIN1.
A comprehensive RNA editome reveals that edited Azin1 partners with DDX1 to enable hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.
Title: A comprehensive RNA editome reveals that edited Azin1 partners with DDX1 to enable hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.
Upstream conserved coding region (uCC) length and the duration of the polyamine-induced pause on the PPW motif have been exquisitely matched to enable scanning ribosomes to efficiently skip over the uCC and translate the AZIN1 mORF under low polyamine conditions while enabling queuing and enhanced uCC translation when polyamine levels increase.
Title: Polyamine Control of Translation Elongation Regulates Start Site Selection on Antizyme Inhibitor mRNA via Ribosome Queuing.
The polyamines regulate two novel steps of Azin1 expression, namely the transcription and a particular splicing pattern, both of which may affect the level of mRNA encoding the full-length active Azin1 protein.
Title: Multiple forms of mouse antizyme inhibitor 1 mRNA differentially regulated by polyamines.
miR-433 is an important component of TGF-beta/Smad3-induced renal fibrosis through the induction of a positive feedback loop to amplify TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling.
Title: The microRNA miR-433 promotes renal fibrosis by amplifying the TGF-β/Smad3-Azin1 pathway.
The expression of AIn was increased during mammary gland development.
Title: Developmental alterations in expression and subcellular localization of antizyme and antizyme inhibitor and their functional importance in the murine mammary gland.
differences in the subcellular distribution of AZIN1 and AZIN2
Title: Subcellular localization of antizyme inhibitor 2 in mammalian cells: Influence of intrinsic sequences and interaction with antizymes.
The data-driven docking results suggest that both proteins occupy the same binding site on Az1, with Az1 binding within a large groove in antizyme inhibitor (AzI) and
Title: Docking of antizyme to ornithine decarboxylase and antizyme inhibitor using experimental mutant and double-mutant cycle data.
AZI plays an important role in regulating the levels of Ornithine decarboxylase, putrescine and spermidine in mice, and is essential for the survival of mice.
Title: Role of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor in vivo.

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Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (1)
Gene trapped (2) 1 citation

General gene information

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Markers

Azin1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:531467

WI-9274 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:44565

RH143277 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:232524

AI414949 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:160449

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables catalytic activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ornithine decarboxylase activator activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables ornithine decarboxylase activator activity	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info
enables ornithine decarboxylase activator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables ornithine decarboxylase activator activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables ornithine decarboxylase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in polyamine biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within polyamine metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of centrosome duplication	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
involved_in positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in centrosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: antizyme inhibitor 1

Names: ODC antizyme inhibitor; ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001102458.1 → NP_001095928.1 antizyme inhibitor 1 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001095928.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1). Variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform.

Source sequence(s)

AC167019, AK049680, CF534695

Consensus CDS

CCDS37065.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O35484, Q542G5, Q8C2R8, Q8K1E5

Related

ENSMUSP00000105958.2, ENSMUST00000110329.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd06831
Location:26 → 419

PLPDE_III_ODC_like_AZI; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase-like Antizyme Inhibitor
NM_001301688.1 → NP_001288617.1 antizyme inhibitor 1 isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288617.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) is alternatively spliced in the 3' coding region, which causes a frame-shift, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter with a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AC167019, AK049680, BC046814, CD353412, CF738062, CF749918

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O35484

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00261
Location:26 → 361

PLPDE_III; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes
NM_018745.5 → NP_061215.1 antizyme inhibitor 1 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_061215.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an internal 5' non-coding exon, thus has a shorter 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AC167019, AK049680

Consensus CDS

CCDS37065.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O35484, Q542G5, Q8C2R8, Q8K1E5

Related

ENSMUSP00000065544.6, ENSMUST00000065308.13

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd06831
Location:26 → 419

PLPDE_III_ODC_like_AZI; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase-like Antizyme Inhibitor

RNA

NR_125913.1 RNA Sequence

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4, also known as Azin1-X) lacks an exon in the 5' region and uses an alternate acceptor splice site in the mid-region compared to variant 1. It is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders this transcript a target for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). The regulation of expression of this variant by polyamines is described in PMID:24077669.

Source sequence(s)

AC167019, AK049680, BC046814, CD353412

Related

ENSMUST00000129589.8

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000081.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

38487674..38523506 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006520114.5 → XP_006520177.1 antizyme inhibitor 1 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd06831
Location:26 → 418

PLPDE_III_ODC_like_AZI; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase-like Antizyme Inhibitor
XM_006520117.3 → XP_006520180.1 antizyme inhibitor 1 isoform X2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00261
Location:1 → 252

PLPDE_III; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes
XM_030248661.2 → XP_030104521.1 antizyme inhibitor 1 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd06831
Location:26 → 418

PLPDE_III_ODC_like_AZI; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase-like Antizyme Inhibitor
XM_036159520.1 → XP_036015413.1 antizyme inhibitor 1 isoform X2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00261
Location:1 → 252

PLPDE_III; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes