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    PTP4A2 protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 8073, updated on 3-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PTP4A2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9635
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000184007 MIM:601584; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9635
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    HH13; OV-1; PRL2; HH7-2; PRL-2; PTP4A; HU-PP-1; PTPCAAX2; ptp-IV1a; ptp-IV1b
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a small class of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are cell signaling molecules that play regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes. PTPs in this class contain a protein tyrosine phosphatase catalytic domain and a characteristic C-terminal prenylation motif. This PTP has been shown to primarily associate with plasmic and endosomal membrane through its C-terminal prenylation. This PTP was found to interact with the beta-subunit of Rab geranylgeranyltransferase II (beta GGT II), and thus may function as a regulator of GGT II activity. Overexpression of this gene in mammalian cells conferred a transformed phenotype, which suggested its role in tumorigenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 11, 12 and 17. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in thyroid (RPKM 58.0), bone marrow (RPKM 56.7) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See PTP4A2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    1p35.2
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (31906421..31938368, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (31764401..31796321, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (32372022..32403969, complement)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 576 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903930 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32253763-32254538 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 578 Neighboring gene SPOC domain containing 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 653 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 654 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 579 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr1:32303933-32304116 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 655 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 656 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 657 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 658 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC128031832 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32389035-32389578 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 659 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 660 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr1:32403472-32403643 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 581 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 661 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32409768-32410302 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32419864-32420642 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32420643-32421419 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32421420-32422197 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 665 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 666 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 667 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32473819-32474378 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32479704-32480274 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 583 Neighboring gene KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 1 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs645 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32526442-32527054 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15509 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7843 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32532900-32533694 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32537939-32538544 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 39B Neighboring gene microRNA 5585

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Altered expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver gene family in non-small cell lung cancer. Hwang JJ, et al. Oncol Rep, 2012 Feb. PMID 21993571
    2. Phosphatase PRL2 promotes AML1-ETO-induced acute myeloid leukemia. Kobayashi M, et al. Leukemia, 2017 Jun. PMID 28220038, Free PMC Article
    3. Magnesium-sensitive upstream ORF controls PRL phosphatase expression to mediate energy metabolism. Hardy S, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2019 Feb 19. PMID 30718434, Free PMC Article
    4. Analysis of stromal-epithelial interactions in prostate cancer identifies PTPCAAX2 as a potential oncogene. Wang Q, et al. Cancer Lett, 2002 Jan 10. PMID 11734337
    5. [Construction of an eukaryotic expression vector for PRL-2 and its effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasiveness and migration in vitro]. Ye HY, et al. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao, 2007 Jul. PMID 17666324

    See all (58) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. A FRET-based screening method to detect potential inhibitors of the binding of CNNM3 to PRL2.
      Title: A FRET-based screening method to detect potential inhibitors of the binding of CNNM3 to PRL2.
    2. Mechanism of PRL2 phosphatase-mediated PTEN degradation and tumorigenesis.
      Title: Mechanism of PRL2 phosphatase-mediated PTEN degradation and tumorigenesis.
    3. study identified a critical role for PRL2 phosphatase in the proliferation and survival of human T-ALL cells; demonstrated that PRL2 is important for the leukemogenic potential of oncogenic NOTCH1 in vivo
      Title: Phosphatase PRL2 promotes oncogenic NOTCH1-Induced T-cell leukemia.
    4. altered PRL-2 expression leads to metabolic reprogramming of the cells. These findings uncover a magnesium-sensitive mechanism controlling PRL expression, which plays a role in cellular bioenergetics
      Title: Magnesium-sensitive upstream ORF controls PRL phosphatase expression to mediate energy metabolism.
    5. identified a critical role for PRL2 phosphatase in the proliferation and survival of human AML cells. Further, we demonstrated that PRL2 is essential for the leukemogenic potential of AML1-ETO9a in vivo
      Title: Phosphatase PRL2 promotes AML1-ETO-induced acute myeloid leukemia.
    6. Our findings highlight the important role of miR-29c in regulating CRC EMT via GSK-3b/b-catenin signaling by targeting GNA13 and PTP4A and provide new insights into the metastatic basis of colorectal cancer
      Title: MiR-29c mediates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human colorectal carcinoma metastasis via PTP4A and GNA13 regulation of β-catenin signaling.
    7. PTP4A2 expression is correlated with overall survival in progestin receptor-positive breast carcinomas.
      Title: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2 expression predicts overall and disease-free survival of human breast cancer and is associated with estrogen and progestin receptor status.
    8. Results suggest that TRP32 maintains the reduced state of PRL and thus regulates the biological function of PRL.
      Title: Thioredoxin-related protein 32 (TRP32) specifically reduces oxidized phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL).
    9. Studies indicate that PRL-1 and PRL-2 and PRL-3 are oncogenes and belong to the few phosphatases that lead to the development of cancer.
      Title: Molecular mechanisms of the PRL phosphatases.
    10. Results suggest a model in which PRL-2 promotes cell migration and invasion through an ERK1/2-dependent signaling pathway.
      Title: Metastasis-associated phosphatase PRL-2 regulates tumor cell migration and invasion.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (18)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein tyrosine phosphatase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in protein dephosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in early endosome IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2
    Names
    PTP(CAAXII)
    phosphatase of regenerating liver 2
    protein tyrosine phosphatase IVA
    protein tyrosine phosphatase IVA2
    protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 2
    protein-tyrosine phosphatase of regenerating liver 2
    NP_001182029.1
    NP_001182030.1
    NP_001356787.1
    NP_001356788.1
    NP_001356789.1
    NP_536316.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001195100.2 → NP_001182029.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001182029.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 3), compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL136115, BC018662, BC070181
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS59193.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q12974
      Related
      ENSP00000473490.1, ENST00000602683.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl28904
      Location:1 → 130
      PTP_DSP_cys; cys-based protein tyrosine phosphatase and dual-specificity phosphatase superfamily

    2. NM_001195101.2 → NP_001182030.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 4

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001182030.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 4), compared to isoform 1. Variants 4 and 5 encode the same isoform.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL136115, BC018662, BC070181
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS53292.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q12974
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl28904
      Location:1 → 124
      PTP_DSP_cys; cys-based protein tyrosine phosphatase and dual-specificity phosphatase superfamily

    3. NM_001369858.1 → NP_001356787.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL136115, BC070181
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS53292.1
      Related
      ENSP00000409260.2, ENST00000457805.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl28904
      Location:1 → 124
      PTP_DSP_cys; cys-based protein tyrosine phosphatase and dual-specificity phosphatase superfamily

    4. NM_001369859.1 → NP_001356788.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL136115, BC070181, BI549454, DB503104
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS348.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K9I8, B4DM39, D3DPP0, E9PGJ6, O00649, Q12974, Q15197, Q15259, Q15260, Q15261, R4GN50
      Related
      ENSP00000497092.1, ENST00000649841.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd18536
      Location:1 → 155
      PTP-IVa2; protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2

    5. NM_001369860.1 → NP_001356789.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL136115, BC070181, DB503104
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS348.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K9I8, B4DM39, D3DPP0, E9PGJ6, O00649, Q12974, Q15197, Q15259, Q15260, Q15261, R4GN50
      Related
      ENSP00000473259.1, ENST00000602725.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd18536
      Location:1 → 155
      PTP-IVa2; protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2

    6. NM_080391.4 → NP_536316.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_536316.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1). Variants 1, 6 and 7 encode the same isoform.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL136115, BC018662, BC070182, BM996809
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS348.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K9I8, B4DM39, D3DPP0, E9PGJ6, O00649, Q12974, Q15197, Q15259, Q15260, Q15261, R4GN50
      Related
      ENSP00000493688.1, ENST00000647444.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd18536
      Location:1 → 155
      PTP-IVa2; protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      31906421..31938368 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      31764401..31796321 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_003479.2: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_003479.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) candidate.

    2. NM_080392.2: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_080392.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q12974.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q12974

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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