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    GIP gastric inhibitory polypeptide [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2695, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    GIPprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    gastric inhibitory polypeptideprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4270
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000159224 MIM:137240; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4270
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Summary
    This gene encodes an incretin hormone and belongs to the glucagon superfamily. The encoded protein is important in maintaining glucose homeostasis as it is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells following food ingestion and nutrient absorption. This gene stimulates insulin secretion via its G protein-coupled receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase and other signal transduction pathways. It is a relatively poor inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Biased expression in duodenum (RPKM 96.0) and small intestine (RPKM 33.9) See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
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    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See GIP in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    17q21.32
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (48958554..48968596, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (49822260..49831965, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (47035916..47045958, complement)

    Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene RNA, U1 small nuclear 42, pseudogene Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA U13 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:47041863-47042412 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:47043544-47044044 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:47044045-47044545 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8665 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904020 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:47081123-47081644 Neighboring gene insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:47089629-47090182 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:47090183-47090738 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:47091293-47091848 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:47092958-47093511 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 671 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:47110305-47110846 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 826, pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables glucagon receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables hormone activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in adult locomotory behavior IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in digestive system development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in endocrine pancreas development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in exploration behavior IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in female pregnancy IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in gastric inhibitory peptide signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in long-term synaptic potentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in memory IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of insulin secretion TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in response to acidic pH IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to amino acid IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to axon injury IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to glucose IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to lipid IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to organic cyclic compound IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to peptide hormone IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to selenium ion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to starvation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in sensory perception of pain IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in triglyceride homeostasis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in neuronal cell body IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in secretory granule lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    gastric inhibitory polypeptide
    Names
    glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
    incretin hormone

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_004123.3NP_004114.1  gastric inhibitory polypeptide preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004114.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC091133, BC069100, M18185
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11542.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P09681, Q4VB42, Q6NTD3
      Related
      ENSP00000350005.2, ENST00000357424.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00123
      Location:5278
      Hormone_2; Peptide hormone

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      48958554..48968596 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      49822260..49831965 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)