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    LPO lactoperoxidase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 4025, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    LPOprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    lactoperoxidaseprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:6678
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000167419 MIM:150205; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6678
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    SPO
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the peroxidase family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. Following its secretion from salivary, mammary, and other mucosal glands, this enzyme catalyzes the generation of the antimicrobial substance hypothiocyanous acid. This gene is present in a gene cluster on chromosome 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
    Expression
    Restricted expression toward salivary gland (RPKM 211.8) See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See LPO in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    17q22
    Exon count:
    14
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (58238584..58268518)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (59105602..59136399)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (56315945..56345879)

    Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56286020-56286521 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12461 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371841 Neighboring gene MKS transition zone complex subunit 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904038 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56326145-56326710 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12462 Neighboring gene enhancer region in introns 7-9 of MPO Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56355955-56356644 Neighboring gene MPO proximal enhancer and promoter region Neighboring gene MPO upstream enhancer region Neighboring gene myeloperoxidase Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56379736-56380356 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10051 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56386896-56387595 Neighboring gene TSPO associated protein 1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56389497-56390115 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8761 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8762 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8763 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56402416-56402964 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8764 Neighboring gene TSPOAP1, SUPT4H1 and RNF43 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12463 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8765 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12464

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Identification of lactoperoxidase in mature human milk. Shin K, et al. J Nutr Biochem, 2000 Feb. PMID 10715594
    2. The cytotoxic activity of lactoperoxidase: enhancement and inhibition by neuroactive compounds. Everse J, et al. Free Radic Biol Med, 2004 Sep 15. PMID 15384204
    3. PCR cloning and baculovirus expression of human lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase. Shin K, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2000 May 19. PMID 10814547
    4. The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking on the activity of oral peroxidase. Waszkiewicz N, et al. Folia Histochem Cytobiol, 2012 Oct 8. PMID 23042278
    5. Molecular cloning and characterization of the chromosomal gene for human lactoperoxidase. Ueda T, et al. Eur J Biochem, 1997 Jan 15. PMID 9030719

    See all (35) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The crystal structure of the complex of LPO with MZY showed that MZY bound to LPO in the substrate-binding site on the distal heme side. MZY was oriented in the substrate-binding site in such a way that the sulfur atom is at a distance of 2.58 A from the heme iron
      Title: Design of anti-thyroid drugs: Binding studies and structure determination of the complex of lactoperoxidase with 2-mercaptoimidazole at 2.30 Å resolution.
    2. LPO mRNA was undetectable in the gastric mucosa.
      Title: The Gastric Mucosa from Patients Infected with CagA+ or VacA+ Helicobacter pylori Has a Lower Level of Dual Oxidase-2 Expression than Uninfected or Infected with CagA-/VacA- H. pylori.
    3. Oral peroxidase activity as a marker of chronic alcohol abuse may help in the diagnosis of alcoholism.
      Title: The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking on the activity of oral peroxidase.
    4. establish urate as a likely physiological substrate for LPO that will influence host defense and give rise to reactive electrophilic metabolites
      Title: Uric acid and thiocyanate as competing substrates of lactoperoxidase.
    5. High intensity of caries is associated with increased levels of some salivary components - sIgA, histatin-5 and lactoperoxidase.
      Title: The assessment of sIgA, histatin-5, and lactoperoxidase levels in saliva of adolescents with dental caries.
    6. Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and risk of childhood leukemia.
    7. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Risk of meningioma and common variation in genes related to innate immunity.
    8. Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Lead exposure, polymorphisms in genes related to oxidative stress, and risk of adult brain tumors.
    9. Splice variants may contribute to LPO molecular heterogeneity and its regulation by intracellular compartmental localization in respiratory epithelium.
      Title: Molecular heterogeneity and alternative splicing of human lactoperoxidase.
    10. Analysis of the role of thiocyanate (SCN-), in modulating the catalytic activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and other members of the lactoperoxidase (LPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO)
      Title: Thiocyanate modulates the catalytic activity of mammalian peroxidases.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Loci associated with N-glycosylation of human immunoglobulin G show pleiotropy with autoimmune diseases and haematological cancers.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    reverse transcriptase gag-pol Milk protein lactoperoxidase inhibits HIV-1 RT activity in vitro PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC129990, MGC129991

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables heme binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables lactoperoxidase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables thiocyanate peroxidase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables thiocyanate peroxidase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cellular oxidant detoxification IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in defense response to bacterium IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in defense response to bacterium IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in hydrogen peroxide catabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to oxidative stress NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in thiocyanate metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in basolateral plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    lactoperoxidase
    Names
    salivary peroxidase
    NP_001153574.1
    NP_006142.1
    XP_011523110.1
    XP_011523112.1
    XP_054172083.1
    XP_054172084.1
    XP_054172085.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001160102.2 → NP_001153574.1  lactoperoxidase isoform 3 preproprotein

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks two alternate exons in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) lacks an internal segment near the N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This isoform is thought to be secreted but the sites of proteolytic processing have not been determined.
      Source sequence(s)
      DB230339, EF579964, M58151, U39573
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS54149.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F5H386
      Related
      ENSP00000400245.2, ENST00000421678.6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd09824
      Location:200 → 611
      myeloperoxidase_like; Myeloperoxidases, eosinophil peroxidases, and lactoperoxidases
      pfam03098
      Location:55 → 591
      An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase

    2. NM_006151.3 → NP_006142.1  lactoperoxidase isoform 1 preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006142.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest and predominant transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC107166, M58151, U39573
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32689.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A5JUY4, E7EMJ3, P22079, Q13408, Q3KNQ2
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F5H386
      Related
      ENSP00000262290.4, ENST00000262290.9
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd09824
      Location:283 → 694
      myeloperoxidase_like; Myeloperoxidases, eosinophil peroxidases, and lactoperoxidases
      pfam03098
      Location:138 → 674
      An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase

    RNA

    1. NR_027647.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' coding region that causes a frameshift, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AK303903, BC107166, DB230339, M58151, U39573
      Related
      ENST00000543544.5

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      58238584..58268518
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011524808.3 → XP_011523110.1  lactoperoxidase isoform X1

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cl14561
      Location:283 → 556
      An_peroxidase_like; Animal heme peroxidases and related proteins
      pfam03098
      Location:138 → 536
      An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase

    2. XM_011524810.3 → XP_011523112.1  lactoperoxidase isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd09824
      Location:30 → 441
      myeloperoxidase_like; Myeloperoxidases, eosinophil peroxidases, and lactoperoxidases
      pfam03098
      Location:9 → 421
      An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      59105602..59136399
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054316108.1 → XP_054172083.1  lactoperoxidase isoform X3

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A5JUY4, E7EMJ3, P22079, Q13408, Q3KNQ2

    2. XM_054316109.1 → XP_054172084.1  lactoperoxidase isoform X1

    3. XM_054316110.1 → XP_054172085.1  lactoperoxidase isoform X2

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P22079.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P22079

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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