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    VRK2 VRK serine/threonine kinase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 7444, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    VRK2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    VRK serine/threonine kinase 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:12719
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000028116 MIM:602169; AllianceGenome:HGNC:12719
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. The encoded protein acts as an effector of signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis and tumor cell growth. Variants in this gene have been associated with schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that differ in their subcellular localization and biological activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in adrenal (RPKM 6.3), appendix (RPKM 5.7) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See VRK2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    2p16.1
    Exon count:
    21
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (57907592..58159920)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (57912292..58164754)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (58134727..58387055)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105377628 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58023570-58024119 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11504 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3708 silencer Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124907769 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11505 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15790 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15791 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124907770 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58206217-58206824 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3709 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15792 Neighboring gene formin-2-like Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58273209-58273764 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58273765-58274320 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 1372 Neighboring gene VRK2 intron CAGE-defined low expression enhancer Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58343433-58343934 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58345900-58346401 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3710 silencer Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58434313-58435228 Neighboring gene FA complementation group L Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11507 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15794 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58478751-58479291 Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit F pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1795

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genetic determinants of common epilepsies: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Pr55(Gag) gag The amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaScreen) identifies the interaction of HIV-1 Gag with VRK2 PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Clone Names

    • FLJ97061

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables AMP-activated protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables DNA-dependent protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2AS1 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2AS121 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2AT120 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2AXS139 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2BS14 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2BS36 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3S10 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3S28 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3S57 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T11 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T3 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T45 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T6 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H4S1 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein domain specific binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein kinase binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in DNA damage response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in cellular response to oxidative stress IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in chromatin remodeling IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in protein autophosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in protein phosphorylation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of MAPK cascade IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrial membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in nuclear envelope ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    part_of protein-containing complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2
    Names
    vaccinia related kinase 2
    vaccinia virus B1R-related kinase 2
    NP_001123952.1
    NP_001123953.1
    NP_001123954.1
    NP_001123955.1
    NP_001275765.1
    NP_001275766.1
    NP_001275767.1
    NP_001275768.1
    NP_006287.2
    XP_005264597.1
    XP_006712153.1
    XP_006712154.1
    XP_011531394.1
    XP_047301701.1
    XP_047301703.1
    XP_047301704.1
    XP_054199726.1
    XP_054199727.1
    XP_054199728.1
    XP_054199729.1
    XP_054199730.1
    XP_054199731.1
    XP_054199732.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029717.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      144066..257131
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001130480.2NP_001123952.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001123952.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, and 8 encode the same isoform (1, also known as VRK2A).
      Source sequence(s)
      AB000450, AK223540, AK311205, DB227029
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS1859.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG0515
      Location:29421
      SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      cd14123
      Location:16314
      STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2
    2. NM_001130481.2NP_001123953.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001123953.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, and 8 encode the same isoform (1, also known as VRK2A).
      Source sequence(s)
      AK311205, AY228367, BC027854
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS1859.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG0515
      Location:29421
      SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      cd14123
      Location:16314
      STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2
    3. NM_001130482.2NP_001123954.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001123954.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and initiates translation at a downstream in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter N-terminus than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK223540, AK311205, AY228369, DB227029
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS46292.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
      Related
      ENSP00000398323.2, ENST00000440705.6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG0515
      Location:6398
      SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      cl21453
      Location:1291
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    4. NM_001130483.2NP_001123955.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001123955.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR and contains an alternate exon in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Variants 5 and 9 encode the same isoform (3, also known as VRK2B).
      Source sequence(s)
      AK311205, AY228372, DB227029
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS46291.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:16314
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    5. NM_001288836.1NP_001275765.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 4

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275765.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) uses an alternate splice site and contains an alternate exon in the 5' region, compared to variant 1. It initiates translation at a downstream in-frame start codon. The encoded isoform (4) has a shorter N-terminus than isoform 1. Variants 6 and 7 encode the same isoform (4).
      Source sequence(s)
      AK296611, AK311205, DB227029
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS46293.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q86Y07
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG0515
      Location:1303
      SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      cl21453
      Location:1196
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    6. NM_001288837.2NP_001275766.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275766.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (8) represents use of an alternate upstream promoter and differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, and 8 encode the same isoform (1, also known as VRK2A).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC068193, AK307113, AK311205, BC036434
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS1859.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
      Related
      ENSP00000408002.2, ENST00000435505.6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG0515
      Location:29421
      SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      cd14123
      Location:16314
      STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2
    7. NM_001288838.2NP_001275767.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275767.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (9) represents use of an alternate upstream promoter, differs in the 5' UTR, and contains an alternate exon in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Variants 5 and 9 encode the same isoform (3, also known as VRK2B).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC068193, AK292727, AK311205, AY228372, BC036434
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS46291.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
      Related
      ENSP00000402375.2, ENST00000417641.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:16314
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    8. NM_001288839.2NP_001275768.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 4

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275768.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an exon in the 5' region, compared to variant 1, and initiates translation at a downstream in-frame start codon. The encoded isoform (4) has a shorter N-terminus than isoform 1. Variants 6 and 7 encode the same isoform (4).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC007250, AC073215, AY228371
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS46293.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q86Y07
      Related
      ENSP00000404156.3, ENST00000412104.6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG0515
      Location:1303
      SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      cl21453
      Location:1196
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    9. NM_006296.7NP_006287.2  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006287.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1). Variants 1, 2, 3, and 8 encode the same isoform (1, also known as VRK2A).
      Source sequence(s)
      AK223540, BC027854
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS1859.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
      Related
      ENSP00000342381.4, ENST00000340157.9
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG0515
      Location:29421
      SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      cd14123
      Location:16314
      STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      57907592..58159920
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_005264540.5XP_005264597.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005264597.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG0515
      Location:29421
      SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      cd14123
      Location:16314
      STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2
    2. XM_006712091.5XP_006712154.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006712154.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:16314
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    3. XM_006712090.5XP_006712153.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006712153.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
      Related
      ENSP00000497378.1, ENST00000648897.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:16314
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    4. XM_011533092.4XP_011531394.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011531394.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG0515
      Location:29421
      SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      cd14123
      Location:16314
      STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2
    5. XM_047445748.1XP_047301704.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4

    6. XM_047445747.1XP_047301703.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4

    7. XM_047445745.1XP_047301701.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      57912292..58164754
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054343751.1XP_054199726.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
    2. XM_054343754.1XP_054199729.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K9L2, Q05CR6
    3. XM_054343753.1XP_054199728.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
    4. XM_054343752.1XP_054199727.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q05CR6
    5. XM_054343757.1XP_054199732.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4

    6. XM_054343756.1XP_054199731.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4

    7. XM_054343755.1XP_054199730.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4