CST4 cystatin S [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: CST4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: cystatin Sprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:2476
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000101441 MIM:123857; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2476
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Summary: The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a type 2 salivary cysteine peptidase inhibitor. The protein is an S-type cystatin, based on its high level of expression in saliva, tears and seminal plasma. The specific role in these fluids is unclear but antibacterial and antiviral activity is present, consistent with a protective function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Restricted expression toward salivary gland (RPKM 5781.4) See more
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Genomic context

Location:: 20p11.21

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	20	NC_000020.11 (23685640..23689038, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	20	NC_060944.1 (23745196..23748594, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	20	NC_000020.10 (23666277..23669675, complement)

Chromosome 20 - NC_000020.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The Diagnosis Significance of Serum Cysteine Protease Inhibitors (CST4) in Colorectal Cancer.
Title: The Diagnosis Significance of Serum Cysteine Protease Inhibitors (CST4) in Colorectal Cancer.
Prognostic value of immune-related cells and genes in the tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer, especially CST4.
Title: Prognostic value of immune-related cells and genes in the tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer, especially CST4.
Findings suggest the mechanism of inhibition of SAP-1 (an N-terminal truncated form of cystatin S) for different proteases.
Title: Studies on the interactions of SAP-1 (an N-terminal truncated form of cystatin S) with its binding partners by CD-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods.

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Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
New loci associated with kidney function and chronic kidney disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Polymorphism of the cystatin C gene in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Results from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes study. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:482115

RH71431 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:24936

G42975 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:94852

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of proteolysis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	HDA more info	PubMed
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in vesicle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: cystatin-S

Names: cystatin 4; cystatin-SA-III; salivary acidic protein 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.