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    PALM paralemmin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5064, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PALMprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    paralemminprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:8594
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000099864 MIM:608134; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8594
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PALM1
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the paralemmin protein family. The product of this gene is a prenylated and palmitoylated phosphoprotein that associates with the cytoplasmic face of plasma membranes and is implicated in plasma membrane dynamics in neurons and other cell types. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but the full-length nature of only two transcript variants has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Broad expression in fat (RPKM 28.7), brain (RPKM 22.8) and 18 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See PALM in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    19p13.3
    Exon count:
    11
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 19 NC_000019.10 (708935..748329)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 19 NC_060943.1 (662950..702386)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 19 NC_000019.9 (708935..748329)

    Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:678746-679248 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9616 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9617 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:680933-681482 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:681483-682031 Neighboring gene follistatin like 3 Neighboring gene serine protease 57 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 52 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9619 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:704097-705067 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:707932-708492 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:718052-718584 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13571 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9621 Neighboring gene mitotic spindle positioning Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:778723-779437 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101928450 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:782349-782922

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Paralemmin interacts with D3 dopamine receptors: implications for membrane localization and cAMP signaling. Basile M, et al. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2006 Feb 1. PMID 16386234
    2. Structure of the human paralemmin gene (PALM), mapping to human chromosome 19p13.3 and mouse chromosome 10, and exclusion of coding mutations in grizzled, mocha, jittery, and hesitant mice. Burwinkel B, et al. Genomics, 1998 May 1. PMID 9615234
    3. Paralemmin, a prenyl-palmitoyl-anchored phosphoprotein abundant in neurons and implicated in plasma membrane dynamics and cell process formation. Kutzleb C, et al. J Cell Biol, 1998 Nov 2. PMID 9813098, Free PMC Article
    4. Regulation of dendritic branching and filopodia formation in hippocampal neurons by specific acylated protein motifs. Gauthier-Campbell C, et al. Mol Biol Cell, 2004 May. PMID 14978216, Free PMC Article
    5. RBR-type E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF144A targets PARP1 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation and regulates PARP inhibitor sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Zhang Y, et al. Oncotarget, 2017 Nov 7. PMID 29212245, Free PMC Article

    See all (45) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • KIAA0270

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables D3 dopamine receptor binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to electrical stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cytoskeleton organization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of filopodium assembly IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of filopodium assembly IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein localization to plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of cell shape IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in synapse maturation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in synapse maturation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in apicolateral plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in axon IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in basolateral plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasmic vesicle TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in dendritic spine IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in filopodium IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in filopodium membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in neuron spine IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in postsynapse IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in postsynaptic density IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in synaptic membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    paralemmin-1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001040134.2 → NP_001035224.1  paralemmin-1 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001035224.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform 2), compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005763, BC032449, BM667870, BU508077, CN344023, DA521203
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32858.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RCL4
      Related
      ENSP00000264560.7, ENST00000264560.11
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd14458
      Location:10 → 53
      DP_DD; coiled coil [structural motif]
      pfam03285
      Location:71 → 343
      Paralemmin; Paralemmin
      cl07405
      Location:10 → 53
      DP_DD; Dimerization domain of DP

    2. NM_002579.3 → NP_002570.2  paralemmin-1 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002570.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005763, BC032449, BM667870, BP199809, BU508077
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32857.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O43359, O75781, O95673, Q92559, Q9UPJ4, Q9UQS2, Q9UQS3
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RCL4
      Related
      ENSP00000341911.4, ENST00000338448.10
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd14458
      Location:10 → 53
      DP_DD; coiled coil [structural motif]
      pfam03285
      Location:71 → 387
      Paralemmin; Paralemmin
      cl07405
      Location:10 → 53
      DP_DD; Dimerization domain of DP

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000019.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      708935..748329
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_017026850.3 → XP_016882339.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RCL4

    2. XM_005259565.5 → XP_005259622.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RCL4
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd14458
      Location:12 → 55
      DP_DD; coiled coil [structural motif]
      pfam03285
      Location:73 → 389
      Paralemmin; Paralemmin
      cl07405
      Location:12 → 55
      DP_DD; Dimerization domain of DP

    3. XM_005259566.5 → XP_005259623.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RCL4
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd14458
      Location:9 → 52
      DP_DD; coiled coil [structural motif]
      pfam03285
      Location:70 → 386
      Paralemmin; Paralemmin
      cl07405
      Location:9 → 52
      DP_DD; Dimerization domain of DP

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060943.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      662950..702386
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054321136.1 → XP_054177111.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RCL4

    2. XM_054321134.1 → XP_054177109.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RCL4

    3. XM_054321135.1 → XP_054177110.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RCL4
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O75781.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O75781

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