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    PKN2 protein kinase N2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5586, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PKN2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    protein kinase N2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9406
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000065243 MIM:602549; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9406
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PAK2; PRK2; STK7; Pak-2; PRKCL2; PRO2042
    Summary
    Enables RNA polymerase binding activity; histone deacetylase binding activity; and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including apical junction assembly; positive regulation of cell cycle; and positive regulation of viral genome replication. Located in several cellular components, including cleavage furrow; cytoskeleton; and midbody. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in ovary (RPKM 11.1), duodenum (RPKM 10.9) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See PKN2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    1p22.2
    Exon count:
    24
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (88684273..88836255)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (88527688..88679643)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (89149956..89301938)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene PKN2 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 10 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105378838 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5313 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1290 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1291 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904213 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:89239743-89240942 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 874 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904214 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:89267398-89268597 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 125, pseudogene Neighboring gene elongin C pseudogene 19 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1293 Neighboring gene general transcription factor IIB Neighboring gene shieldin complex subunit 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene kynurenine aminotransferase 3

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Increased PKN2 and M2-Polarized Macrophages Promote HCT116 Cell Invasion. He C, et al. Crit Rev Immunol, 2024. PMID 38505918
    2. Regulation of protein kinase C-related protein kinase 2 (PRK2) by an intermolecular PRK2-PRK2 interaction mediated by Its N-terminal domain. Bauer AF, et al. J Biol Chem, 2012 Jun 8. PMID 22511787, Free PMC Article
    3. CagA of Helicobacter pylori interacts with and inhibits the serine-threonine kinase PRK2. Mishra JP, et al. Cell Microbiol, 2015 Nov. PMID 26041307, Free PMC Article
    4. PKN2 in colon cancer cells inhibits M2 phenotype polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via regulating DUSP6-Erk1/2 pathway. Cheng Y, et al. Mol Cancer, 2018 Jan 24. PMID 29368606, Free PMC Article
    5. Role of PKM2-Mediated Immunometabolic Reprogramming on Development of Cytokine Storm. Liu Z, et al. Front Immunol, 2021. PMID 34759927, Free PMC Article

    See all (134) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Increased PKN2 and M2-Polarized Macrophages Promote HCT116 Cell Invasion.
      Title: Increased PKN2 and M2-Polarized Macrophages Promote HCT116 Cell Invasion.
    2. Genome-Wide Association Study for Idiopathic Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Identifies Key Role of CCR7 and PKN2 in Calcium Homeostasis and Cardiac Rhythm Maintenance.
      Title: Genome-Wide Association Study for Idiopathic Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Identifies Key Role of CCR7 and PKN2 in Calcium Homeostasis and Cardiac Rhythm Maintenance.
    3. LINC00668 cooperated with HuR dependent upregulation of PKN2 to facilitate gastric cancer metastasis.
      Title: LINC00668 cooperated with HuR dependent upregulation of PKN2 to facilitate gastric cancer metastasis.
    4. Role of PKM2-Mediated Immunometabolic Reprogramming on Development of Cytokine Storm.
      Title: Role of PKM2-Mediated Immunometabolic Reprogramming on Development of Cytokine Storm.
    5. Protein kinase N2 mediates flow-induced endothelial NOS activation and vascular tone regulation.
      Title: Protein kinase N2 mediates flow-induced endothelial NOS activation and vascular tone regulation.
    6. Novel roles of PRK1 and PRK2 in cilia and cancer biology.
      Title: Novel roles of PRK1 and PRK2 in cilia and cancer biology.
    7. The expression of PKN2 in colon cancer cells suppresses tumor associated M2 macrophage polarization and tumor growth.
      Title: PKN2 in colon cancer cells inhibits M2 phenotype polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via regulating DUSP6-Erk1/2 pathway.
    8. Steady-state kinetic analysis revealed that PKN1-3 follows a sequential ordered Bi-Bi kinetic mechanism, where peptide substrate binding is preceded by ATP binding. This kinetic mechanism was confirmed by additional kinetic studies for product inhibition and affinity of small molecule inhibitors.
      Title: Enzyme kinetics and distinct modulation of the protein kinase N family of kinases by lipid activators and small molecule inhibitors.
    9. PKN2 knockdown in vitro decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, incorporation into glycogen, and oxidation. Thus, PKN2 alters key signaling pathways and transcriptional networks to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism.
      Title: Protein kinase N2 regulates AMP kinase signaling and insulin responsiveness of glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle.
    10. Helicobacter pylori CagA interacts with PRK2 and inhibits its kinase activity.
      Title: CagA of Helicobacter pylori interacts with and inhibits the serine-threonine kinase PRK2.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (26)

    Phenotypes

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    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Common genetic variation at the IL1RL1 locus regulates IL-33/ST2 signaling.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study identifies loci influencing concentrations of liver enzymes in plasma.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study of periodontal pathogen colonization.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of protein kinase N2 (PKN2) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Pr55(Gag) gag The amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaScreen) identifies the interaction of HIV-1 Gag with PKN2 PubMed
    Vpu vpu In vitro protein-protein interaction analysis identifies a Vpu-binding host protein protein kinase N2 (PKN2) PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC71074, MGC150606

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA binding HDA PubMed 
    enables RNA polymerase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables cadherin binding HDA PubMed 
    enables calcium,diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables diacylglycerol-dependent, calcium-independent serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables histone deacetylase binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein kinase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables small GTPase binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in apical junction assembly IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell adhesion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell division IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell projection organization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in epithelial cell migration IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in intracellular signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of cytokinesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of viral genome replication IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of cell motility IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in apical junction complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in centrosome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in cleavage furrow IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in intermediate filament cytoskeleton IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in lamellipodium IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in midbody IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nuclear body IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    part_of protein-containing complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    serine/threonine-protein kinase N2
    Names
    PKN gamma
    cardiolipin-activated protein kinase Pak2
    protein kinase C-like 2
    protein-kinase C-related kinase 2
    NP_001307636.1
    NP_001307637.1
    NP_001307638.1
    NP_006247.1
    XP_011540074.1
    XP_016857271.1
    XP_047281180.1
    XP_054193636.1
    XP_054193637.1
    XP_054193638.1
    XP_054193639.1
    XP_054193640.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001320707.2 → NP_001307636.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC119426, AK300304, AL136381, BC125199
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS81350.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q16513
      Related
      ENSP00000359544.5, ENST00000370513.9
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd11622
      Location:42 → 107
      HR1_PKN_1; First Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N
      cd11635
      Location:209 → 282
      HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2
      smart00220
      Location:614 → 868
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd05589
      Location:609 → 934
      STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N
      cl00087
      Location:130 → 201
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl14603
      Location:390 → 472
      C2; C2 domain

    2. NM_001320708.2 → NP_001307637.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 3

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region and uses a downstream start codon compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 3 which has a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC119426, AK298595, AL136381, BC125199
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q16513
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd08687
      Location:233 → 316
      C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins
      cd11635
      Location:52 → 125
      HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2
      smart00220
      Location:505 → 759
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd05589
      Location:500 → 825
      STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N
      cl00087
      Location:1 → 44
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

    3. NM_001320709.2 → NP_001307638.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 4

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 4), compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC119426, AK298595, AK300304, AL136381
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q16513
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd08687
      Location:364 → 457
      C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins
      cd11622
      Location:42 → 107
      HR1_PKN_1; First Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N
      cd11635
      Location:209 → 282
      HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2
      smart00220
      Location:646 → 900
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd05589
      Location:641 → 966
      STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N
      cl00087
      Location:130 → 201
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

    4. NM_006256.4 → NP_006247.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006247.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC119426, AL136381, U33052
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS714.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DQ21, B4DTP5, B4DVG1, D3DT24, Q08AF4, Q16513, Q9H1W4
      Related
      ENSP00000359552.3, ENST00000370521.8
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd08687
      Location:390 → 473
      C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins
      cd11622
      Location:42 → 107
      HR1_PKN_1; First Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N
      cd11635
      Location:209 → 282
      HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2
      cd05589
      Location:657 → 982
      STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N
      cl00087
      Location:130 → 201
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      88684273..88836255
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047425224.1 → XP_047281180.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X1

    2. XM_017001782.3 → XP_016857271.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X2

    3. XM_011541772.3 → XP_011540074.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q16513
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd08687
      Location:64 → 147
      C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins
      smart00220
      Location:336 → 590
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd05589
      Location:331 → 656
      STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      88527688..88679643
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054337662.1 → XP_054193637.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X1

    2. XM_054337664.1 → XP_054193639.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X2

    3. XM_054337663.1 → XP_054193638.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X4

    4. XM_054337661.1 → XP_054193636.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X1

    5. XM_054337665.1 → XP_054193640.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X3

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q16513.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q16513

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