U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from GEO Profiles

    • Showing Current items.

    GRPR gastrin releasing peptide receptor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2925, updated on 28-Oct-2024

    Summary

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Official Symbol
    GRPRprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    gastrin releasing peptide receptorprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4609
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000126010 MIM:305670; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4609
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    BB2; BB2R; BRS2
    Summary
    Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) regulates numerous functions of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, including release of gastrointestinal hormones, smooth muscle cell contraction, and epithelial cell proliferation and is a potent mitogen for neoplastic tissues. The effects of GRP are mediated through the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. This receptor is a glycosylated, 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor that activates the phospholipase C signaling pathway. The receptor is aberrantly expressed in numerous cancers such as those of the lung, colon, and prostate. An individual with autism and multiple exostoses was found to have a balanced translocation between chromosome 8 and a chromosome X breakpoint located within the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Biased expression in pancreas (RPKM 2.4), stomach (RPKM 0.7) and 3 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Go to the top of the page Help
    See GRPR in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    Xp22.2
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) X NC_000023.11 (16123565..16153518)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) X NC_060947.1 (15706468..15736420)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) X NC_000023.10 (16141688..16171641)

    Chromosome X - NC_000023.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene RNA, U5F small nuclear 7, pseudogene Neighboring gene SET pseudogene 15 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chrX:15961157-15961364 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:16060812-16061354 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:16065714-16066214 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:16094875-16095376 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29452 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9466 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20677 Neighboring gene MAGEB17 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chrX:16178523-16179722 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:16186339-16187224 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:16197237-16197862 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chrX:16203427-16204626 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:16204620-16205364 Neighboring gene MAGE family member B17 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene 30

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

    Go to the top of the page Help
    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    Go to the top of the pageHelp

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Analysis of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor gene in Italian patients with autism spectrum disorders. Seidita G, et al. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 2008 Sep 5. PMID 18393381
    2. High expression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in the vascular bed of urinary tract cancers: promising candidates for vascular targeting applications. Fleischmann A, et al. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2009 Jun. PMID 19478282
    3. The human gastrin-releasing peptide receptor gene structure, its tissue expression and promoter. Xiao D, et al. Gene, 2001 Feb 7. PMID 11245983
    4. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor content in human glioma and normal brain. Flores DG, et al. Brain Res Bull, 2010 Apr 29. PMID 20211708
    5. Sex-specific expression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor: relationship to smoking history and risk of lung cancer. Shriver SP, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2000 Jan 5. PMID 10620630

    See all (69) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. GRP/GRPR enhances alcohol-associated liver injury through the IRF1-mediated Caspase-1 inflammasome and NOX2-dependent ROS pathway.
      Title: GRP/GRPR enhances alcohol-associated liver injury through the IRF1-mediated Caspase-1 inflammasome and NOX2-dependent ROS pathway.
    2. Microglia-neuron interactions promote chronic itch via the NLRP3-IL-1beta-GRPR axis.
      Title: Microglia-neuron interactions promote chronic itch via the NLRP3-IL-1β-GRPR axis.
    3. Novel Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescence Dye for Image-Guided Surgery of Prostate Cancer.
      Title: Novel Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescence Dye for Image-Guided Surgery of Prostate Cancer.
    4. GRP/GRP-R signaling activation contributes to castration-resistant prostate cancer progression
      Title: Activation of GRP/GRP-R signaling contributes to castration-resistant prostate cancer progression.
    5. Expression of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor in Breast Cancer and Its Association with Pathologic, Biologic, and Clinical Parameters
      Title: Expression of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor in Breast Cancer and Its Association with Pathologic, Biologic, and Clinical Parameters: A Study of 1,432 Primary Tumors.
    6. Our results suggest that, similar to what happens in neutrophils, gastrin-releasing peptide is a migratory, rather than a proliferative, stimulus, for non-small cell lung carcinoma cells, indicating a putative role for gastrin-releasing peptide and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor in metastasis
      Title: Neuropeptide gastrin-releasing peptide induces PI3K/reactive oxygen species-dependent migration in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
    7. GRP-R regulates glucose metabolism in neuroblastoma by modulating HIF-1alpha, PDK4 and PDP2.
      Title: Silencing gastrin-releasing peptide receptor suppresses key regulators of aerobic glycolysis in neuroblastoma cells.
    8. BBS caused a significant increase in Shh gene transcription and protein secretion that was dependent on BBS-induced GPCR/Galphaq-//Rho mediated activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), which can stimulate a NF-kappaB response element in the Shh gene promoter
      Title: Cross talk between the bombesin neuropeptide receptor and Sonic hedgehog pathways in small cell lung carcinoma.
    9. No association of 16 GRP and 7 GRPR variants were found with agoraphobia with/without panic disorder.
      Title: Analysis of gastrin-releasing peptide gene and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor gene in patients with agoraphobia.
    10. GRPR is highly expressed in epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal, suggesting this receptor might have a role in anal carcinogenesis.
      Title: Expression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor in epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (43)

    Phenotypes

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

    Go to the top of the page Help

    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

    Go to the top of the page

    Interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables neuropeptide binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables neuropeptide receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables neuropeptide receptor activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in learning or memory IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in motor behavior ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of behavioral fear response ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in psychomotor behavior IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to external biotic stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in social behavior ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Preferred Names
    gastrin-releasing peptide receptor
    Names
    GRP-R
    GRP-preferring bombesin receptor
    bombesin receptor 2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    Go to the top of the page Help

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_012512.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5265..35218
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_005314.3 → NP_005305.1  gastrin-releasing peptide receptor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005305.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC078993, AU125660, M73481
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS14174.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R910, P30550
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      X5D7H2
      Related
      ENSP00000369643.2, ENST00000380289.3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15124
      Location:41 → 333
      7tmA_GRPR; gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000023.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      16123565..16153518
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060947.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      15706468..15736420
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P30550.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P30550

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous