dio2 iodothyronine deiodinase 2 [Danio rerio (zebrafish)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: dio2provided by ZNC
Official Full Name: iodothyronine deiodinase 2provided by ZNC
Primary source: ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-030327-4
See related: Ensembl:ENSDARG00000094857 AllianceGenome:ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-030327-4
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Danio rerio
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Actinopterygii; Neopterygii; Teleostei; Ostariophysi; Cypriniformes; Danionidae; Danioninae; Danio
Also known as: Deio2; cb684
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the iodothyronine deiodinase family. It catalyzes the conversion of prohormone thyroxine (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine, T4) to the bioactive thyroid hormone (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, T3) by outer ring 5'-deiodination. This enzyme is thought to be responsible for the 'local' production of T3, and thus important in influencing thyroid hormone action in those peripheral tissues where it is expressed. Knockdown studies in zebrafish embryos indicate that this gene is essential for thyroid hormone-dependent embryonic development and pigmentation in zebrafish. This gene is also essential for early development in amphibians, and its expression has been observed in early-tailbud-stage embryos before the development of a functional thyroid gland. This protein is a selenoprotein containing the non-standard amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), which is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. Unlike the other two members (DIO1 and DIO3) of this enzyme family, the mRNA for this gene contains an additional in-frame UGA codon that has been reported (in human) to function either as a Sec or a stop codon, resulting in two potential isoforms with one or two Sec residues; however, only the upstream Sec (conserved with the single Sec residue found at the active site in DIO1 and DIO3) was shown to be essential for enzyme activity (PMID:10403186). In addition, the lack of conservation of the protein extension past the second TGA codon suggests that the one-Sec containing isoform represents the canonical form. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2018]
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: chromosome: 17

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCz11 (GCF_000002035.6)	17	NC_007128.7 (16873382..16876752)
105	previous assembly	GRCz10 (GCF_000002035.5)	17	NC_007128.6 (16865449..16868819)

Chromosome 17 - NC_007128.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Sequencing the Zebrafish transcriptome from a range of tissues and developmental stages
Description: Sequencing the Zebrafish transcriptome from a range of tissues and developmental stages
BioProject: PRJEB1986
Analysis date: Fri Dec 8 19:48:10 2017

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

multiple compensatory mechanisms lead to normoglycemia in older Dio2 knockout zebrafish, despite persistent T3 deficiency
Title: Age-Dependent Changes in Glucose Homeostasis in Male Deiodinase Type 2 Knockout Zebrafish.
In zebrafish embryos, D2 knockdown increased mortality during pneumococcal meningitis.
Title: Regulation of Intracellular Triiodothyronine Is Essential for Optimal Macrophage Function.
essential to assure normal development
Title: Permanent Deiodinase Type 2 Deficiency Strongly Perturbs Zebrafish Development, Growth, and Fertility.
Knockdown of D1+D2 (D1D2MO) and knockdown of D3 (D3MO) both resulted in transcriptional regulation of energy metabolism and (muscle) development in abdomen and tail
Title: Deiodinase knockdown during early zebrafish development affects growth, development, energy metabolism, motility and phototransduction.
This study investigated deiodinase 1 (Dio1), deiodinase 2 (Dio2), and deiodinase 3 (Dio3) mRNA expression at the several zebrafish life stages and found life stage specific expression of these genes that were highly localized.
Title: Using whole mount in situ hybridization to examine thyroid hormone deiodinase expression in embryonic and larval zebrafish: a tool for examining OH-BDE toxicity to early life stages.
role in zebrafish embryonic development
Title: Combined antisense knockdown of type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinases disrupts embryonic development in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

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General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by ZFIN

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables oxidoreductase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within chordate embryonic development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within developmental growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within developmental pigmentation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within hormone biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of neural retina development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within reproductive process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to hormone	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: type II iodothyronine deiodinase

Names: D2; deiodinase, iodothyronine, type II

NP_997954.4

EC 1.21.99.4

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_212789.4 → NP_997954.4 type II iodothyronine deiodinase

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

BC059608, EB875967, EB921177, EE323348

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8N7V0B4, Q6PBR8

Related

ENSDARP00000120358.3, ENSDART00000146276.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00388
Location:4 → 253

Thioredoxin_like; Protein Disulfide Oxidoreductases and Other Proteins with a Thioredoxin fold