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    CRAT carnitine O-acetyltransferase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 1384, updated on 3-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    CRATprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    carnitine O-acetyltransferaseprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:2342
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000095321 MIM:600184; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2342
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    CAT; CAT1; NBIA8
    Summary
    This gene encodes carnitine O-acetyltransferase, a member of the carnitine acyltransferase family and a key metabolic pathway enzyme which plays an important role in energy homeostasis and fat metabolism. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA thioester to carnitine and regulates the ratio of acyl-CoA/CoA. It is found in both the mitochondria and the peroxisome. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may localize to different subcellular compartments. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]
    Expression
    Broad expression in testis (RPKM 76.6), duodenum (RPKM 25.0) and 23 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
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    Genomic context

    See CRAT in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    9q34.11
    Exon count:
    17
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 9 NC_000009.12 (129094794..129110793, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 9 NC_060933.1 (141298255..141314668, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 9 NC_000009.11 (131857073..131873072, complement)

    Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene mitoguardin 2 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902334 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29102 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131833123-131834072 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131834073-131835022 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20359 Neighboring gene dolichyldiphosphatase 1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131864095-131864840 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20360 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131873890-131874430 Neighboring gene protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131889125-131890047 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131893809-131894363 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131895457-131895957 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131900767-131901394 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29104 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131902025-131902652 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131902653-131903282 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29107 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131905799-131906426 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131907685-131908314 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29108 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131910837-131911337 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131929576-131930565 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20363 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:131937384-131938105 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20365 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20366 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20367 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 13939 Neighboring gene immediate early response 5 like

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    Related articles in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 8
    MedGen: C4693587 OMIM: 617917 GeneReviews: Not available
    Compare labs

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    An atlas of genetic influences on human blood metabolites.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables acyl-CoA oxidase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    enables carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in mitochondrial inner membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion HTP PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in peroxisomal matrix TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    is_active_in peroxisome IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in peroxisome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    carnitine O-acetyltransferase
    Names
    carnitine acetylase
    NP_000746.3
    NP_001244292.2
    NP_001333475.2
    NP_001333476.2
    NP_001333477.2
    NP_001333478.2
    NP_003994.3
    XP_005251765.1
    XP_016869764.1
    XP_047278726.1
    XP_047278727.1
    XP_047278728.1
    XP_054217957.1
    XP_054217958.1
    XP_054217959.1
    XP_054217960.1
    XP_054217961.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000755.5NP_000746.3  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158151
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS6919.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P43155, Q5T952, Q9BW16
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
      Related
      ENSP00000315013.2, ENST00000318080.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00755
      Location:35611
      Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
    2. NM_001257363.3NP_001244292.2  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains an alternate exon in the 5' region and initiates translation at a downstream start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Variants 2 and 6 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158151
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00755
      Location:14594
      Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
    3. NM_001346546.2NP_001333475.2  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains an alternate exon in the 5' region and initiates translation at an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) is longer and has a distinct N-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158151
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00755
      Location:36616
      Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
    4. NM_001346547.2NP_001333476.2  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) is shorter than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158151
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS94505.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TAR1, A0A7P0TBF3
      Related
      ENSP00000506267.1, ENST00000681627.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00755
      Location:35591
      Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
    5. NM_001346548.2NP_001333477.2  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform 5

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) contains an alternate exon in the 5' region, initiates translation at a downstream start codon, and uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (5) is shorter than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158151
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00755
      Location:14570
      Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
    6. NM_001346549.2NP_001333478.2  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform 6

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (6) is shorter than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158151
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS94506.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3, H0Y4Z7
      Related
      ENSP00000395458.2, ENST00000455396.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00755
      Location:35575
      Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
    7. NM_004003.4NP_003994.3  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) contains an alternate exon in the 5' region and initiates translation at a downstream start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Variants 2 and 6 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL158151
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00755
      Location:14594
      Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000009.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      129094794..129110793 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_005251708.5XP_005251765.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00755
      Location:14594
      Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
    2. XM_047422771.1XP_047278727.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
    3. XM_047422770.1XP_047278726.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
    4. XM_017014275.2XP_016869764.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00755
      Location:36616
      Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
    5. XM_047422772.1XP_047278728.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060933.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      141298255..141314668 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054361983.1XP_054217958.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
    2. XM_054361985.1XP_054217960.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
    3. XM_054361986.1XP_054217961.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
    4. XM_054361984.1XP_054217959.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3
    5. XM_054361982.1XP_054217957.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TBF3

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_144782.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_144782.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.