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    MLLT10 MLLT10 histone lysine methyltransferase DOT1L cofactor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 8028, updated on 3-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    MLLT10provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    MLLT10 histone lysine methyltransferase DOT1L cofactorprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:16063
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000078403 MIM:602409; AllianceGenome:HGNC:16063
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    AF10
    Summary
    This gene encodes a transcription factor and has been identified as a partner gene involved in several chromosomal rearrangements resulting in various leukemias. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]
    Expression
    Broad expression in testis (RPKM 40.9), ovary (RPKM 8.6) and 23 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See MLLT10 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    10p12.31
    Exon count:
    30
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 10 NC_000010.11 (21533756..21743630)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 10 NC_060934.1 (21552866..21762703)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 10 NC_000010.10 (21822685..22032559)

    Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2188 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr10:21793394-21793626 Neighboring gene MIR1915 host gene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2189 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:21814003-21814646 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:21814647-21815290 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2191 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2192 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr10:21816390-21816548 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:21817867-21818510 Neighboring gene microRNA 1915 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:21822730-21823443 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2196 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2197 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:21824159-21824871 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:21825135-21825648 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr10:21840002-21840186 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:21844418-21845000 Neighboring gene SKI/DACH domain containing 1 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 4 member 8 pseudogene Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 306, pseudogene Neighboring gene heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:21952461-21953111 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:21954039-21954538 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7684 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 1141, pseudogene Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:21999974-22000474 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22015451-22015952 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984214 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22036939-22037438 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22039902-22041101 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22041514-22042174 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22042835-22043494 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22043495-22044154 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22045403-22046279 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22085326-22085864 Neighboring gene DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C1 Neighboring gene RN7SK pseudogene 219 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11860 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22099351-22100550 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak900 silencer Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak901 silencer Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22157554-22158082 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak902 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3123 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22220654-22221154 Neighboring gene RN7SK pseudogene 37

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. A novel class of zinc finger/leucine zipper genes identified from the molecular cloning of the t(10;11) translocation in acute leukemia. Chaplin T, et al. Blood, 1995 Mar 15. PMID 7888665
    2. Biochemical analyses of the AF10 protein: the extended LAP/PHD-finger mediates oligomerisation. Linder B, et al. J Mol Biol, 2000 Jun 2. PMID 10860745
    3. Cytogenetic and molecular evidence of marrow involvement in extramedullary acute myeloid leukaemia. Lillington DM, et al. Br J Haematol, 2000 Sep. PMID 10997963
    4. A JAK/STAT-mediated inflammatory signaling cascade drives oncogenesis in AF10-rearranged AML. Chen BR, et al. Blood, 2021 Jun 17. PMID 33690798, Free PMC Article
    5. Brain tumor risk according to germ-line variation in the MLLT10 locus. Egan KM, et al. Eur J Hum Genet, 2015 Jan. PMID 24755950, Free PMC Article

    See all (69) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. AF10 (MLLT10) prevents somatic cell reprogramming through regulation of DOT1L-mediated H3K79 methylation.
      Title: AF10 (MLLT10) prevents somatic cell reprogramming through regulation of DOT1L-mediated H3K79 methylation.
    2. A JAK/STAT-mediated inflammatory signaling cascade drives oncogenesis in AF10-rearranged AML.
      Title: A JAK/STAT-mediated inflammatory signaling cascade drives oncogenesis in AF10-rearranged AML.
    3. The role of the PZP domain of AF10 in acute leukemia driven by AF10 translocations.
      Title: The role of the PZP domain of AF10 in acute leukemia driven by AF10 translocations.
    4. MLLT10 in benign and malignant hematopoiesis.
      Title: MLLT10 in benign and malignant hematopoiesis.
    5. the oligomerization ability of the DOT1L-AF10 complex is essential for MLL1-AF10's leukemogenic function
      Title: A higher-order configuration of the heterodimeric DOT1L-AF10 coiled-coil domains potentiates their leukemogenenic activity.
    6. In vitro, the overexpression of MLLT10 promoted colorectal cancer (CRC) cell migration and invasion, while after MLLT10 was knocked down, the opposite results were observed. In lung metastasis sites, the knockdown of MLLT10 in SW620 cells significantly inhibited Vimentin expression, whereas the E-Cadherin was increased. These results indicate that MLLT10 regulates the metastasis of CRC cells via EMT.
      Title: MLLT10 promotes tumor migration, invasion, and metastasis in human colorectal cancer.
    7. In a retroviral transduction/transplantation mouse model, mice transplanted with MLL/AF10(OM-LZ) cells harboring PTPN11(wt) developed myelomonocytic leukemia. Those transplanted with cells harboring PTPN11(G503A) -induced monocytic leukemia in a shorter latency. Adding PTPN11(G503A) to MLL/AF10 affected cell proliferation, chemo-resistance, differentiation, in vivo BM recruitment/clonal expansion and faster progression.
      Title: Cooperation of MLL/AF10(OM-LZ) with PTPN11 activating mutation induced monocytic leukemia with a shorter latency in a mouse bone marrow transplantation model.
    8. Our results provide evidence for new loci influencing abdominal visceral (BBS9, ADCY8, KCNK9) and subcutaneous (MLLT10/DNAJC1/EBLN1) fat, and confirmed a locus (THNSL2) previously reported to be associated with abdominal fat in women
      Title: Genome-wide association studies suggest sex-specific loci associated with abdominal and visceral fat.
    9. The PZP domain of AF10 senses unmodified H3K27 to regulate DOT1L-mediated methylation of H3K79.
      Title: The PZP Domain of AF10 Senses Unmodified H3K27 to Regulate DOT1L-Mediated Methylation of H3K79.
    10. we report that variants at the MLLT10 locus are unlikely to alter risk of glioma, and they have no prognostic value among patients with high-grade tumors (glioblastoma).
      Title: Brain tumor risk according to germ-line variation in the MLLT10 locus.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (25)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Common variation at 10p12.31 near MLLT10 influences meningioma risk.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    GWAS meta-analysis and replication identifies three new susceptibility loci for ovarian cancer.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Large-scale genotyping identifies 41 new loci associated with breast cancer risk.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC75086, DKFZp686E10210

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables chromatin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables histone binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables histone binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables nucleosome binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables nucleosome binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of protein-containing complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    protein AF-10
    Names
    ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein
    myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila); translocated to, 10
    myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia; translocated to, 10
    type I AF10 protein
    type III AF10 protein
    type IV AF10 protein

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_027818.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5061..214459
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001195626.3 → NP_001182555.1  protein AF-10 isoform c

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001182555.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and contains multiple differences in the coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform c) is longer than isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL161799, AL357372, AL358780, AL359697
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS55708.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B1ANA8, P55197, Q5JT37, Q5VX90, Q66K63
      Related
      ENSP00000307411.7, ENST00000307729.12
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      sd00025
      Location:66 → 85
      zf-RanBP2; RanBP2-type Zn finger [structural motif]
      cd15574
      Location:24 → 71
      PHD_AF10_AF17; PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17
      cd15708
      Location:78 → 206
      ePHD_AF10; Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and similar proteins

    2. NM_001195627.2 → NP_001182556.1  protein AF-10 isoform d

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001182556.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) has multiple differences in the coding region, compared to variant 1, one of which results in a translational frameshift and early stop codon. The resulting protein (isoform d) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC032532, BC080577, BC094844
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS55706.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P55197
      Related
      ENSP00000366295.2, ENST00000377091.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15574
      Location:24 → 71
      PHD_AF10_AF17; PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17

    3. NM_001195628.2 → NP_001182557.1  protein AF-10 isoform e

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001182557.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) differs in the 5' UTR and has multiple differences in the coding region, compared to variant 1, one of which results in a translational frameshift and early stop codon. The resulting protein (isoform e) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a. Variants 5, 6, and 7 all encode the same isoform (e).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC032532, BC052798, BC094844
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS55707.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P55197
      Related
      ENSP00000498595.1, ENST00000652497.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15574
      Location:24 → 71
      PHD_AF10_AF17; PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17

    4. NM_001195630.2 → NP_001182559.1  protein AF-10 isoform e

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001182559.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) has multiple differences in the coding region, compared to variant 1, one of which results in a translational frameshift and early stop codon. The resulting protein (isoform e) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a. Variants 5, 6, and 7 all encode the same isoform (e).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC032532, BC094844
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS55707.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P55197
      Related
      ENSP00000366304.3, ENST00000377100.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15574
      Location:24 → 71
      PHD_AF10_AF17; PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17

    5. NM_001324296.2 → NP_001311225.1  protein AF-10 isoform e

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7), as well as variants 5 and 6, encodes isoform e.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL358780
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS55707.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P55197
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15574
      Location:24 → 71
      PHD_AF10_AF17; PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17

    6. NM_001324297.2 → NP_001311226.1  protein AF-10 isoform f

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL161799, AL357372, AL358780, AL359697
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q5HYC6, Q5JT35
      Related
      ENSP00000408281.2, ENST00000438473.6

    7. NM_004641.4 → NP_004632.1  protein AF-10 isoform a

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004632.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB209755, BC032532, BX640774, U13948
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS7135.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P55197
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59EQ6, Q6N002
      Related
      ENSP00000366272.3, ENST00000377072.8
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      sd00025
      Location:66 → 85
      zf-RanBP2; RanBP2-type Zn finger [structural motif]
      cd15574
      Location:24 → 71
      PHD_AF10_AF17; PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17
      cd15708
      Location:78 → 206
      ePHD_AF10; Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and similar proteins

    RNA

    1. NR_136736.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AB209755, AL358780, AL359697
      Related
      ENST00000651298.1

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      21533756..21743630
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      21552866..21762703
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_001009569.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_001009569.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P55197.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P55197

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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