TUBB2A tubulin beta 2A class IIa [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: TUBB2Aprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: tubulin beta 2A class IIaprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:12412
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000137267 MIM:615101; AllianceGenome:HGNC:12412
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: TUBB; TUBB2; CDCBM5
Summary: Microtubules, key participants in processes such as mitosis and intracellular transport, are composed of heterodimers of alpha- and beta-tubulins. The protein encoded by this gene is a beta-tubulin. Defects in this gene are associated with complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations-5. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]
Annotation information: Note: TUBB (GeneID: 203068) and TUBB2A (Gene ID: 7280) share the TUBB symbol/alias in common. [07 Feb 2019]
Expression: Broad expression in brain (RPKM 301.1), bone marrow (RPKM 37.9) and 16 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 6p25.2

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	6	NC_000006.12 (3153666..3157544, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	6	NC_060930.1 (3020886..3024765, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	6	NC_000006.11 (3153900..3157778, complement)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (DHMCi009-A) from an individual with TUBB2A tubulinopathy.
Title: Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (DHMCi009-A) from an individual with TUBB2A tubulinopathy.
Using data from the 100,000 Genomes Project to resolve conflicting interpretations of a recurrent TUBB2A mutation.
Title: Using data from the 100,000 Genomes Project to resolve conflicting interpretations of a recurrent TUBB2A mutation.
Defining the phenotypical spectrum associated with variants in TUBB2A.
Title: Defining the phenotypical spectrum associated with variants in TUBB2A.
Circular RNA circ_C16orf62 Suppresses Cell Growth in Gastric Cancer by miR-421/Tubulin beta-2A Chain (TUBB2A) Axis.
Title: Circular RNA circ_C16orf62 Suppresses Cell Growth in Gastric Cancer by miR-421/Tubulin beta-2A Chain (TUBB2A) Axis.
De novo mutations of TUBB2A cause infantile-onset epilepsy and developmental delay.
Title: De novo mutations of TUBB2A cause infantile-onset epilepsy and developmental delay.
The results suggest that betaII-tubulin may facilitate cancer growth and metastasis and, to accomplish this, may not need to be in microtubule form.
Title: Over-Expression of βII-Tubulin and Especially Its Localization in Cell Nuclei Correlates with Poorer Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer.
Consistent with the differential clinical and structural impact, TUBB2AA248V does not drastically affect TUBB2A binding to KIF1A, nor mitotic spindle bipolarity. Overall, our data demonstrate a pathogenic role of the p.D417N substitution that is different from previously reported TUBB2A mutations and expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in this gene.
Title: Defective kinesin binding of TUBB2A causes progressive spastic ataxia syndrome resembling sacsinopathy.
TUBB2A missense mutation is associated with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, brain abnormalities, and severe developmental delay.
Title: De novo pathogenic variant in TUBB2A presenting with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, brain abnormalities, and severe developmental delay.
study associates mutations in TUBB2A with the spectrum of "tubulinopathy" phenotypes
Title: De novo mutations in the beta-tubulin gene TUBB2A cause simplified gyral patterning and infantile-onset epilepsy.
This is the first study showing that paclitaxel neuropathy risk is influenced by polymorphisms regulating the expression of a beta-tubulin gene.
Title: Regulatory polymorphisms in β-tubulin IIa are associated with paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5 MedGen: C3810407 OMIM: 615763 GeneReviews: Tubulinopathies Overview	Compare labs

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	env	Treatment of cells with actin-depolymerizing agents or tubulin polymerization inhibitors largely reduces the percentage of cells with capped HIV-1 Gag and Env, indicating an intact actin and tubulin cytoskeleton is required for efficient assembly of HIV-1	PubMed
Pr55(Gag)	gag	Treatment of cells with actin-depolymerizing agents or tubulin polymerization inhibitors largely reduces the percentage of cells with capped HIV-1 Gag and Env, indicating an intact actin and tubulin cytoskeleton is required for efficient assembly of HIV-1	PubMed
Rev	rev	HIV-1 Rev interacting protein, TUBB2A, is identified by the in-vitro binding experiments involving cytosolic or nuclear extracts from HeLa cells	PubMed
	rev	Rev acts to depolymerize microtubules that are formed by tubulin, an effect that is observed during HIV-1 infection	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat K29A, K50R, and K51R lysine mutations downregulate the proportion of soluble tubulin in cells, while the majority of other lysine mutations upregulate the percentage of soluble tubulin compared with the wild-type	PubMed
	tat	In Jurkat cells expressing HIV-1 Tat, decreased expression levels are found for basic cytoskeletal proteins such as actin, beta-tubulin, annexin, cofilin, gelsolin, and Rac/Rho-GDI complex	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat (specifically, amino acids 38-72), enhances tubulin polymerization and triggers the mitochondrial pathway to induce T cell apoptosis as shown in vitro by the release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat (amino acids 36-39) binds tubulin alpha/beta dimers and polymerized microtubules leading to the alteration of microtubule dynamics and activation of a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway that is facilitated by the Bcl-2 relative Bim	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

MARC_24019-24020:1029775248:1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:268828

MARC_24021-24022:1029778648:1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:268829

Tubb2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:144704

RH18135 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:19101

D6S1874 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:3496

Tubb2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:256696

G19889 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:39914

A002B22 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:39915

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables GTP binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables GTPase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables structural constituent of cytoskeleton	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cerebral cortex development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in mitotic cell cycle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular vesicle	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in intercellular bridge	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
is_active_in microtubule	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in microtubule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in microtubule cytoskeleton	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in mitotic spindle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in nucleus	HDA more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: tubulin beta-2A chain

Names: class IIa beta-tubulin; tubulin, beta 2A; tubulin, beta polypeptide 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_042223.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5006..8884

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001069.3 → NP_001060.1 tubulin beta-2A chain isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001060.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AL031963, AL038778, X79535

Consensus CDS

CCDS4484.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q13885, Q6FGZ8, Q8IWR2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R6L0

Related

ENSP00000369703.2, ENST00000333628.4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

PLN00220
Location:1 → 430

PLN00220; tubulin beta chain; Provisional
NM_001310315.2 → NP_001297244.1 tubulin beta-2A chain isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001297244.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice junction at the 5' end of the last exon and initiates translation at an alternate start codon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

BC018780, BM846690, BP381259

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

O43209

Conserved Domains (1) summary

PLN00220
Location:2 → 345

PLN00220; tubulin beta chain; Provisional