PRKCB protein kinase C beta [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PRKCBprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: protein kinase C betaprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9395
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000166501 MIM:176970; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9395
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: PKCB; PRKCB1; PRKCB2; PKCI(2); PKCbeta; PKC-beta
Summary: Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This protein kinase has been reported to be involved in many different cellular functions, such as B cell activation, apoptosis induction, endothelial cell proliferation, and intestinal sugar absorption. Studies in mice also suggest that this kinase may also regulate neuronal functions and correlate fear-induced conflict behavior after stress. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Biased expression in brain (RPKM 51.2), lymph node (RPKM 21.8) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16p12.2-p12.1

Exon count:: 18

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	16	NC_000016.10 (23835983..24220611)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	16	NC_060940.1 (24111361..24497130)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	16	NC_000016.9 (23847304..24231932)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The store-operated Ca[2+] channel Orai1alpha is required for agonist-evoked NF-kappaB activation by a mechanism dependent on PKCbeta2.
Title: The store-operated Ca(2+) channel Orai1α is required for agonist-evoked NF-κB activation by a mechanism dependent on PKCβ2.
Family-Based Cohort Association Study of PRKCB1, CBLN1 and KCNMB4 Gene Polymorphisms and Autism in Polish Population.
Title: Family-Based Cohort Association Study of PRKCB1, CBLN1 and KCNMB4 Gene Polymorphisms and Autism in Polish Population.
Therapeutic hypothermia augments the restorative effects of PKC-beta and Nox2 inhibition on an in vitro model of human blood-brain barrier.
Title: Therapeutic hypothermia augments the restorative effects of PKC-β and Nox2 inhibition on an in vitro model of human blood-brain barrier.
PKC-isoform specific regulation of receptor desensitization and KCNQ1/KCNE1 K(+) channel activity by mutant alpha1B-adrenergic receptors.
Title: PKC-isoform specific regulation of receptor desensitization and KCNQ1/KCNE1 K(+) channel activity by mutant α(1B)-adrenergic receptors.
PKCbetaII phosphorylates ACSL4 to amplify lipid peroxidation to induce ferroptosis.
Title: PKCβII phosphorylates ACSL4 to amplify lipid peroxidation to induce ferroptosis.
LncRNA VEAL2 regulates PRKCB2 to modulate endothelial permeability in diabetic retinopathy.
Title: LncRNA VEAL2 regulates PRKCB2 to modulate endothelial permeability in diabetic retinopathy.
PKC-beta/Alox5 axis activation promotes Bcr-Abl-independent TKI-resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia.
Title: PKC-β/Alox5 axis activation promotes Bcr-Abl-independent TKI-resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia.
Dopamine and the phosphorylated dopamine transporter are increased in the diacylglycerol kinase eta-knockout mouse brain.
Title: Dopamine and the phosphorylated dopamine transporter are increased in the diacylglycerol kinase η-knockout mouse brain.
Promoter Methylation of PRKCB, ADAMTS12, and NAALAD2 Is Specific to Prostate Cancer and Predicts Biochemical Disease Recurrence.
Title: Promoter Methylation of PRKCB, ADAMTS12, and NAALAD2 Is Specific to Prostate Cancer and Predicts Biochemical Disease Recurrence.
Effect of Activated Protein Kinase C Beta Type Mediated Phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 on Proliferation and Phenotypic Transformation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells After Vascular Injury Induced by Nano-SiO(2).
Title: Effect of Activated Protein Kinase C Beta Type Mediated Phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 on Proliferation and Phenotypic Transformation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells After Vascular Injury Induced by Nano-SiO₂.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (205)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Meta-analysis identifies nine new loci associated with rheumatoid arthritis in the Japanese population. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 gp120 activates forward trafficking and surface clustering of NMDA receptors in membrane micro domains by a PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the NR1 C-terminal Ser897, followed by a PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser896	PubMed
	env	Pre-treatment of endothelial cells with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) protects cells from HIV-1 gp120 angiotoxicity; this protection is regulated by crosstalk among the ERK, PI3K-AKT and PKC signaling pathways	PubMed
	env	PKC-dependent pathway, particularly PKCalpha and PKCbeta1, requires HIV-1 gp120-mediated Rac-1 activation and membrane fusion	PubMed
	env	c-FLIPL inhibits Bax activation via modulating PKC expression at the transcriptional level involving AP-2 during gp120 treatment	PubMed
	env	A specific interaction between CD4 and HIV-1 gp120 is required for phosphorylation of CD4, which could involve protein kinase C	PubMed
	env	IL-16 induces rapid translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the membrane in CD4+ cells; PKC inhibitors completely block IL-16-induced lymphocyte migration as well as the motile response induced by HIV-1 gp120 and anti-CD4 antibody binding to CD4	PubMed
	env	Down modulation of the interaction between HIV-1 gp120 and CD4 by TPA is blocked by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, suggesting PKC may play an important role in HIV-1 infection	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 increases the levels of calcium-dependent and -independent PKC isozymes; the most striking change is observed in PKC-zeta isozyme levels	PubMed
	env	Induction of apoptosis in cell cultures through binding of HIV-1 gp120 or gp160 to CXCR4 involves protein kinase C, basic fibroblast growth factor, caspase-3, and the pro-apoptotic molecule Bax	PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	env	HIV-1 gp160-induced Ca(2+) influx reduction is antagonized by an inhibitor acting especially on PKC alpha and PKC beta I; Western blotting analyses show that the cellular distribution of PKC alpha and -beta I are significantly modified by gp160	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp160-induced AP-1 complex formation is dependent upon protein tyrosine phosphorylation and is abolished by inhibitors of protein kinase C, but it is unaffected by calcium channel blockers or cyclosporine A	PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	A synthetic peptide corresponding to cytoplasmic domain residues 828-848 of HIV-1 gp41 inhibits pKC-catalysed phosphorylation of a protein substrate	PubMed
	env	A synthetic peptide containing residues 581-597 from HIV-1 gp41 inhibits protein kinase C (pkC)-mediated phosphorylation of the CD3 gamma-chain in intact cells and directly inhibits partially purified pkC	PubMed
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef selectively downregulates beta II and epsilon PKC isoforms in human astrocytoma cells	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat protein activates RELA (p65), MAP kinases ERK1/2 and p38, and PKC-bII in a TLR4-dependent manner in human monocytes	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat activates protein kinase C, resulting in the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 expression and the secretion of MCP-1	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat-mediated stimulation of IL-10 production through the activation of PKC beta(II), but not TNF-alpha, requires p38 MAP kinase in human macrophages	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat-mediated stimulation of IL-10 and TNF-alpha production through the activation of PKC beta(II) requires ERK1/2 MAP kinase and NF-kappaB transcription factor in human macrophages	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat activates the activity of PKC beta(II), which is essential for the activation of TNF-alpha production in human macrophages	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat activates the activity of PKC beta(II), which is essential for the activation of IL-10 production in human monocytes and macrophages	PubMed
	tat	Phospholipase C/protein kinase C signaling pathway-dependent phosphorylation of p44/42 and JNK MAP kinases participates partially in IL-1beta induction by TAT	PubMed
	tat	Protein kinase C is required for HIV-1 Tat-mediated transactivation of the viral LTR promoter, indicating protein kinase C regulates the process of HIV-1 transactivation and may play a role in the transition of HIV from latency to productive growth	PubMed
	tat	Protein kinase C phosphorylates HIV-1 Tat on serine residue 46	PubMed
matrix	gag	Protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylates HIV-1 Matrix on serine residue 111 resulting in a shift in localization of Matrix from the cytosol to the cellular membrane, suggesting a myristoyl-protein switch regulated by PKC phosphorylation	PubMed
retropepsin	gag-pol	Phosphorylation of human recombinant vimentin by PKC inhibits the proteolytic processing of the vimentin head domain by HIV-1 protease	PubMed
reverse transcriptase	gag-pol	HIV-1 RT heterodimer expressed in bacteria can be phosphorylated in vitro by several purified mammalian protein kinases including auto-activated protein kinase (PK), CKII, cytosolic protamine kinase (CPK), myelin basic protein kinase 1 (MBPK1), and PRKC	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SHGC-30376 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:75040

RH93580 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:89925

D16S2567E (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:44884

D16S2580E (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:151657

SHGC-60507 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:50286

G32537 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:117121

RH70812 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:13194

RH68302 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:74925

SHGC-61073 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:5058

A009H10 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:70339

D16S294 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:146894

D16S2744 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:153314

GDB:180922 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155127

WI-12240 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:20984

D16S3216 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:56316

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables calcium channel regulator activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables calcium,diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chromatin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity	EXP Inferred from Experiment more info	PubMed
enables diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
enables histone H3T6 kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables nuclear androgen receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables nuclear receptor coactivator activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase C binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein serine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
enables zinc ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in B cell activation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in B cell receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in adaptive immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in calcium ion transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in chromatin remodeling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in lipoprotein transport	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in negative regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in post-translational protein modification	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in protein phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of dopamine secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of growth	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ethanol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to glucose	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to vitamin D	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in signal transduction	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in brush border membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in calyx of Held	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in centrosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in nucleoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in presynaptic cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of spectrin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: protein kinase C beta type

Names: PKC-B; protein kinase C, beta 1 polypeptide

NP_002729.2

EC 2.7.11.13

NP_997700.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_047290321.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_054169447.1

EC 2.7.11.13

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_029003.2 RefSeqGene

Range

5005..389633

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_002738.7 → NP_002729.2 protein kinase C beta type isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002729.2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (2).

Source sequence(s)

AC130448, BC036472, DB456157

Consensus CDS

CCDS10619.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P05771

Related

ENSP00000496129.1, ENST00000643927.1

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd04026
Location:159 → 289

C2_PKC_alpha_gamma; C2 domain in Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha and gamma

cd05616
Location:341 → 663

STKc_cPKC_beta; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Classical Protein Kinase C beta

cd20833
Location:35 → 92

C1_cPKC_rpt1; first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the classical (or conventional) protein kinase C (cPKC) family

cd20836
Location:102 → 155

C1_cPKC_rpt2; second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the classical (or conventional) protein kinase C (cPKC) family
NM_212535.3 → NP_997700.1 protein kinase C beta type isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_997700.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) uses an alternate splice junction at the 5' end of the last exon compared to variant 2. The resulting isoform (1) has a distinct and shorter C-terminus compared to isoform 2.

Source sequence(s)

AC130448, BC036472, DB456157, X06318

Consensus CDS

CCDS10618.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

C5IFJ8, D3DWF5, O43744, P05127, P05771, Q15138, Q93060, Q9UE49, Q9UE50, Q9UEH8, Q9UJ30, Q9UJ33

Related

ENSP00000318315.7, ENST00000321728.12

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd04026
Location:159 → 289

C2_PKC_alpha_gamma; C2 domain in Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha and gamma

cd05616
Location:341 → 664

STKc_cPKC_beta; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Classical Protein Kinase C beta

cd20833
Location:35 → 92

C1_cPKC_rpt1; first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the classical (or conventional) protein kinase C (cPKC) family

cd20836
Location:102 → 155

C1_cPKC_rpt2; second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the classical (or conventional) protein kinase C (cPKC) family