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    ITGAD integrin subunit alpha D [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3681, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    ITGADprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    integrin subunit alpha Dprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:6146
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000156886 MIM:602453; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6146
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    ADB2; CD11D
    Summary
    This gene belongs to the beta-2 integrin family of membrane glycoproteins, which are are composed of non-covalently linked alpha and beta subunits to form a heterodimer. It encodes the alpha subunit of the cell surface heterodimers and is involved in the activation and adhesion functions of leukocytes. The gene is located about 11kb downstream of the integrin subunit alpha X gene, another member of the integrin family. It is expressed in the tissue and circulating myeloid leukocytes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]
    Expression
    Biased expression in spleen (RPKM 11.2), lymph node (RPKM 2.1) and 2 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See ITGAD in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    16p11.2
    Exon count:
    32
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (31393335..31426505)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (31780736..31813905)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (31404656..31437826)

    Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr16:31276375-31277574 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:31282603-31283128 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:31283129-31283654 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr16:31284654-31285853 Neighboring gene integrin subunit alpha M Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr16:31295357-31296556 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:31336636-31336863 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7417 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10761 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10762 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10763 Neighboring gene integrin subunit alpha X pseudogene Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:31379880-31380486 Neighboring gene integrin subunit alpha X Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:31393428-31393928 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:31393929-31394429 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:31446802-31447302 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:31447884-31448054 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:31453737-31454532 Neighboring gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 843

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Optical and conformational studies on benzobisthiazole derivatives. Kang JG, et al. J Phys Chem B, 2010 Mar 25. PMID 20187620
    2. Cloning and chromosomal localization of a novel gene-encoding a human beta 2-integrin alpha subunit. Wong DA, et al. Gene, 1996 Jun 1. PMID 8666289
    3. alphadbeta2 integrin is expressed on human eosinophils and functions as an alternative ligand for vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Grayson MH, et al. J Exp Med, 1998 Dec 7. PMID 9841932, Free PMC Article
    4. Structural and functional characterization of the leukocyte integrin gene CD11d. Essential role of Sp1 and Sp3. Noti JD, et al. J Biol Chem, 2000 Mar 24. PMID 10722744
    5. Expression of the myeloid-specific leukocyte integrin gene CD11d during macrophage foam cell differentiation and exposure to lipoproteins. Noti JD. Int J Mol Med, 2002 Dec. PMID 12429998

    See all (24) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. LINC02190 inhibits the embryo-endometrial attachment by decreasing ITGAD expression.
      Title: LINC02190 inhibits the embryo-endometrial attachment by decreasing ITGAD expression.
    2. findings suggest that CD11d/CD18 upregulation on proinflammatory macrophages may represent a common mechanism for macrophage retention at inflammatory sites, thereby promoting chronic inflammation and disease development.
      Title: The Upregulation of Integrin α(D)β(2) (CD11d/CD18) on Inflammatory Macrophages Promotes Macrophage Retention in Vascular Lesions and Development of Atherosclerosis.
    3. These results expand the potential for CD11d to regulate lymphocyte migration and tissue retention, and illuminate the possibility of a previously unconsidered role for CD11d in leukocyte biology and disease.
      Title: CD11d β2 integrin expression on human NK, B, and γδ T cells.
    4. alpha(D)beta(2) is a major member of the integrin repertoire of both circulating and tissue myeloid leukocytes in humans
      Title: Integrin αDβ2 (CD11d/CD18) is expressed by human circulating and tissue myeloid leukocytes and mediates inflammatory signaling.
    5. The effects of anti-CD11d treatment improves functional recovery in a rat model of repeated concussion.
      Title: Treatment with an anti-CD11d integrin antibody reduces neuroinflammation and improves outcome in a rat model of repeated concussion.
    6. the cross-talk between neutrophils and NK cells is mediated by ICAM-3 and CD11d/CD18, respectively.
      Title: On the potential involvement of CD11d in co-stimulating the production of interferon-γ by natural killer cells upon interaction with neutrophils via intercellular adhesion molecule-3.
    7. CD11d expression increased in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of obese adult women; this appears to be a common feature of obesity.
      Title: Inflammatory phenotyping identifies CD11d as a gene markedly induced in white adipose tissue in obese rodents and women.
    8. multiple CD11d domains play a role in controlling intracellular location and association with CD18.
      Title: The extracellular domain of CD11d regulates its cell surface expression.
    9. a longer isoform of gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor 4 (GKLF) we term GKLFa interacts with the CD11d promoter
      Title: The leukocyte integrin gene CD11d is repressed by gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor 4 in myeloid cells.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • FLJ39841

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables integrin binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cell adhesion mediated by integrin IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell-cell adhesion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell-matrix adhesion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in heterotypic cell-cell adhesion IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in immune response NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in integrin-mediated signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cell surface IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in external side of plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    part_of integrin complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    part_of integrin complex TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    integrin alpha-D
    Names
    CD11 antigen-like family member D
    beta-2 integrin alphaD subunit
    leukointegrin alpha D

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_050624.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5002..38172
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001318185.2 → NP_001305114.1  integrin alpha-D isoform 1 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC026471, AC093520
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00191
      Location:453 → 495
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam00357
      Location:1125 → 1139
      Integrin_alpha; Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region
      pfam08441
      Location:617 → 958
      Integrin_alpha2; Integrin alpha

    2. NM_005353.3 → NP_005344.2  integrin alpha-D isoform 2 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005344.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2, which is shorter by an amino acid, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC026471, AC093520
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32438.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q13349, Q15575, Q15576
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14
      Related
      ENSP00000373854.2, ENST00000389202.3
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00191
      Location:453 → 509
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam00357
      Location:1124 → 1138
      Integrin_alpha; Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region
      pfam08441
      Location:616 → 957
      Integrin_alpha2; Integrin alpha

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      31393335..31426505
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011545835.4 → XP_011544137.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00191
      Location:464 → 506
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam00357
      Location:1153 → 1167
      Integrin_alpha; Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region
      pfam08441
      Location:628 → 933
      Integrin_alpha2; Integrin alpha

    2. XM_017023215.3 → XP_016878704.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X6

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14

    3. XM_011545839.3 → XP_011544141.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X5

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00191
      Location:464 → 506
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam00357
      Location:1136 → 1150
      Integrin_alpha; Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region
      pfam08441
      Location:628 → 969
      Integrin_alpha2; Integrin alpha

    4. XM_011545837.3 → XP_011544139.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00191
      Location:464 → 506
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam00357
      Location:1152 → 1166
      Integrin_alpha; Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region
      pfam08441
      Location:628 → 932
      Integrin_alpha2; Integrin alpha

    5. XM_011545844.4 → XP_011544146.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X11

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00191
      Location:464 → 506
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam00357
      Location:961 → 975
      Integrin_alpha; Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region

    6. XM_011545836.4 → XP_011544138.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00191
      Location:464 → 520
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam00357
      Location:1152 → 1166
      Integrin_alpha; Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region
      pfam08441
      Location:627 → 932
      Integrin_alpha2; Integrin alpha

    7. XM_011545838.3 → XP_011544140.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00191
      Location:453 → 495
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam00357
      Location:1142 → 1156
      Integrin_alpha; Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region
      pfam08441
      Location:617 → 922
      Integrin_alpha2; Integrin alpha

    8. XM_047434071.1 → XP_047290027.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X8

    9. XM_011545841.3 → XP_011544143.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X7

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00191
      Location:453 → 509
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam00357
      Location:1123 → 1137
      Integrin_alpha; Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region
      pfam08441
      Location:616 → 956
      Integrin_alpha2; Integrin alpha

    10. XM_011545842.4 → XP_011544144.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X9

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00191
      Location:377 → 419
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam00357
      Location:1066 → 1080
      Integrin_alpha; Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region
      pfam08441
      Location:541 → 846
      Integrin_alpha2; Integrin alpha

    11. XM_011545847.4 → XP_011544149.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X14

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam00357
      Location:741 → 755
      Integrin_alpha; Integrin alpha cytoplasmic region

    12. XM_011545843.4 → XP_011544145.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X10

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q59H14
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00191
      Location:464 → 506
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...
      pfam08441
      Location:628 → 933
      Integrin_alpha2; Integrin alpha

    13. XM_011545845.4 → XP_011544147.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X12

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00191
      Location:464 → 506
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...

    14. XM_011545848.4 → XP_011544150.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X15

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00191
      Location:464 → 506
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...

    15. XM_011545846.4 → XP_011544148.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X13

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00191
      Location:464 → 506
      Int_alpha; Integrin alpha (beta-propellor repeats)
      cd01469
      Location:149 → 324
      vWA_integrins_alpha_subunit; Integrins are a class of adhesion receptors that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and cooperate with growth factor receptors to promote celll survival, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Integrins consist of an alpha and a beta ...

    RNA

    1. XR_950791.3 RNA Sequence

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      31780736..31813905
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054380250.1 → XP_054236225.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X1

    2. XM_054380255.1 → XP_054236230.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X6

    3. XM_054380254.1 → XP_054236229.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X5

    4. XM_054380252.1 → XP_054236227.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X3

    5. XM_054380260.1 → XP_054236235.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X11

    6. XM_054380251.1 → XP_054236226.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X2

    7. XM_054380253.1 → XP_054236228.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X4

    8. XM_054380257.1 → XP_054236232.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X8

    9. XM_054380256.1 → XP_054236231.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X7

    10. XM_054380258.1 → XP_054236233.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X9

    11. XM_054380263.1 → XP_054236238.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X14

    12. XM_054380259.1 → XP_054236234.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X10

    13. XM_054380261.1 → XP_054236236.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X12

    14. XM_054380264.1 → XP_054236239.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X15

    15. XM_054380262.1 → XP_054236237.1  integrin alpha-D isoform X13

    RNA

    1. XR_008489085.1 RNA Sequence

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q13349.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q13349

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