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    Wapl WAPL cohesin release factor [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 218914, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Waplprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    WAPL cohesin release factorprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:2675859
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000041408 AllianceGenome:MGI:2675859
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    FOE; DIF-2; Wapal; A530089A20Rik
    Summary
    Studies suggest that the protein encoded by this gene is important for the release of cohesin from chromatin. This gene product is thought to be essential for development, and reduced expression of this gene in cells causes defects in chromatin structure. High levels of expression of the human ortholog of this gene are observed in cervical cancers, and expression of the human ortholog of this gene in mice results in tumor formation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in liver E14 (RPKM 13.4), placenta adult (RPKM 11.9) and 28 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    See Wapl in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    14 B; 14 20.84 cM
    Exon count:
    19
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 14 NC_000080.7 (34394086..34469940)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 14 NC_000080.6 (34672379..34747983)

    Chromosome 14 - NC_000080.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene opsin 4 (melanopsin) Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_36389 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 52113 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_36391 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_36394 Neighboring gene RIKEN cDNA 5830448L01 gene Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_36398 Neighboring gene RIKEN cDNA A930038B10 gene Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_36402 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 52101 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 30969

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Wapl localization on the synaptonemal complex, a meiosis-specific proteinaceous structure that binds homologous chromosomes, in the female mouse. Zhang J, et al. Reprod Domest Anim, 2008 Feb. PMID 18199270
    2. Expression of a novel human gene, human wings apart-like (hWAPL), is associated with cervical carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Oikawa K, et al. Cancer Res, 2004 May 15. PMID 15150110
    3. Allogeneic T cell responses are regulated by a specific miRNA-mRNA network. Sun Y, et al. J Clin Invest, 2013 Nov. PMID 24216511, Free PMC Article
    4. WAPL maintains a cohesin loading cycle to preserve cell-type-specific distal gene regulation. Liu NQ, et al. Nat Genet, 2021 Jan. PMID 33318687, Free PMC Article
    5. A mechanism of cohesin-dependent loop extrusion organizes zygotic genome architecture. Gassler J, et al. EMBO J, 2017 Dec 15. PMID 29217590, Free PMC Article

    See all (48) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Decreasing Wapl dosage partially corrects embryonic growth and brain transcriptome phenotypes in Nipbl[+/-] embryos.
      Title: Decreasing Wapl dosage partially corrects embryonic growth and brain transcriptome phenotypes in Nipbl(+/-) embryos.
    2. Enhancer-promoter interactions and transcription are largely maintained upon acute loss of CTCF, cohesin, WAPL or YY1.
      Title: Enhancer-promoter interactions and transcription are largely maintained upon acute loss of CTCF, cohesin, WAPL or YY1.
    3. WAPL maintains a cohesin loading cycle to preserve cell-type-specific distal gene regulation.
      Title: WAPL maintains a cohesin loading cycle to preserve cell-type-specific distal gene regulation.
    4. Wapl releases Scc1-cohesin and regulates chromosome structure and segregation in mouse oocytes.
      Title: Wapl releases Scc1-cohesin and regulates chromosome structure and segregation in mouse oocytes.
    5. Wapl repression by Pax5 promotes V gene recombination by Igh loop extrusion.
      Title: Wapl repression by Pax5 promotes V gene recombination by Igh loop extrusion.
    6. The results demonstrate that the zygotic genome folds into loops and domains that critically depend on Scc1-cohesin and that are regulated in size and linear density by Wapl.
      Title: A mechanism of cohesin-dependent loop extrusion organizes zygotic genome architecture.
    7. NEK1 phosphorylates PP1gamma, leading to the dephosphorylation of WAPL, which, in turn, results in its retention on chromosome cores to promote loss of cohesion at the end of prophase I in mammals.
      Title: Cohesin Removal along the Chromosome Arms during the First Meiotic Division Depends on a NEK1-PP1γ-WAPL Axis in the Mouse.
    8. distribution of cohesin in the mouse genome depends on transcription, CTCF and the cohesin release factor Wings apart-like (Wapl)
      Title: Cohesin is positioned in mammalian genomes by transcription, CTCF and Wapl.
    9. High levels of WAPAL are observed in human cervical cancers, and expression of human WAPAL in mice causes tumor formation.
      Title: Expression of a novel human gene, human wings apart-like (hWAPL), is associated with cervical carcinogenesis and tumor progression.
    10. in mitosis, Wapl-mediated release of cohesin from DNA is essential for proper chromosome segregation and protects cohesin from cleavage by the protease separase, thus enabling mitotic exit in the presence of functional cohesin complexes
      Title: Wapl is an essential regulator of chromatin structure and chromosome segregation.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (3) 
    • Targeted (4)  1 citation

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • KIAA0261

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP-dependent protein-DNA unloader activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables ATP-dependent protein-DNA unloader activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cell division IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in mitotic sister chromatid segregation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in mitotic sister chromatid segregation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA replication ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA replication ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of chromatin binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of chromatin binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in protein localization to chromatin ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in protein localization to chromatin ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chromatin ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in chromatin ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in intercellular bridge IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in intercellular bridge ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitotic spindle IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitotic spindle ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    wings apart-like protein homolog
    Names
    dioxin-inducible factor 2
    friend of EBNA2
    wings apart-like homolog

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001004436.4 → NP_001004436.2  wings apart-like protein homolog isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001004436.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC139434, BG068179, BP757948, BY732412, CJ053978, CJ061782, CJ134128, DV646537, DV659439
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS36880.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B9EIG8, Q65Z40, Q6ZQE9
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000040232.8, ENSMUST00000048263.14
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam07814
      Location:647 → 1008
      WAPL; Wings apart-like protein regulation of heterochromatin

    2. NM_001301330.1 → NP_001288259.1  wings apart-like protein homolog isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288259.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 2), compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC139434, BG068179, BP757948, BY732412, CF161743, CJ053978, CJ061782, CJ134128, DV646537, DV659439
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS79296.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7ZP47
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000087481.4, ENSMUST00000090027.11
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam07814
      Location:641 → 1002
      WAPL; Wings apart-like protein regulation of heterochromatin

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000080.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      34394086..34469940
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_006518824.5 → XP_006518887.1  wings apart-like protein homolog isoform X1

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam07814
      Location:596 → 957
      WAPL; Wings apart-like protein regulation of heterochromatin
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q65Z40.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q65Z40

    Gene LinkOut

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