U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from Protein

    • Showing Current items.

    ALKAL2 ALK and LTK ligand 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 285016, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Official Symbol
    ALKAL2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    ALK and LTK ligand 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:27683
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000189292 MIM:619671; AllianceGenome:HGNC:27683
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    AUGA; FAM150B; PRO1097; RGPG542
    Summary
    Enables protein tyrosine kinase activator activity and signaling receptor binding activity. Involved in cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; and positive regulation of neuron projection development. Is active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Expression
    Biased expression in adrenal (RPKM 46.6), ovary (RPKM 14.2) and 6 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Go to the top of the page Help
    See ALKAL2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    2p25.3
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (279558..288091, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (279817..288348, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (279558..288091, complement)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene SH3 and SYLF domain containing 1 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3578 silencer Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3579 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11098 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11099 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15215 Neighboring gene acid phosphatase 1 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:284666-285865 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101927262 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11100 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105373346 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:309367-310259 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:314675-315244 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1865

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

    Go to the top of the page Help
    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

    Go to the top of the pageHelp

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The autocrine loop of ALK receptor and ALKAL2 ligand is an actionable target in consensus molecular subtype 1 colon cancer. Mazzeschi M, et al. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2022 Mar 29. PMID 35351152, Free PMC Article
    2. ALK ligand ALKAL2 potentiates MYCN-driven neuroblastoma in the absence of ALK mutation. Borenäs M, et al. EMBO J, 2021 Feb 1. PMID 33411331, Free PMC Article
    3. Mechanism for the activation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor. Reshetnyak AV, et al. Nature, 2021 Dec. PMID 34819673, Free PMC Article
    4. Identification of a biologically active fragment of ALK and LTK-Ligand 2 (augmentor-α). Reshetnyak AV, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2018 Aug 14. PMID 30061385, Free PMC Article
    5. Structural basis of cytokine-mediated activation of ALK family receptors. De Munck S, et al. Nature, 2021 Dec. PMID 34646012, Free PMC Article

    See all (13) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The autocrine loop of ALK receptor and ALKAL2 ligand is an actionable target in consensus molecular subtype 1 colon cancer.
      Title: The autocrine loop of ALK receptor and ALKAL2 ligand is an actionable target in consensus molecular subtype 1 colon cancer.
    2. ALK ligand ALKAL2 potentiates MYCN-driven neuroblastoma in the absence of ALK mutation.
      Title: ALK ligand ALKAL2 potentiates MYCN-driven neuroblastoma in the absence of ALK mutation.
    3. activation of ALK/LTK family receptors by small ALKAL proteins (FAM150, AUG) conserved in vertebrates
      Title: ALKALs are in vivo ligands for ALK family receptor tyrosine kinases in the neural crest and derived cells.
    4. In conclusion, these data show that ALK is robustly activated by the FAM150A/B ligands.
      Title: FAM150A and FAM150B are activating ligands for anaplastic lymphoma kinase.
    5. Data show FAM150B, which was named as augmentor-alpha (AUG-alpha), binds and activtes both anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and tyrosine kinase (LTK).
      Title: Augmentor α and β (FAM150) are ligands of the receptor tyrosine kinases ALK and LTK: Hierarchy and specificity of ligand-receptor interactions.
    6. Only two related secreted factors, FAM150A and FAM150B (family with sequence similarity 150 member A and member B), stimulated LTK phosphorylation.
      Title: Deorphanization of the human leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) receptor by a signaling screen of the extracellular proteome.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Phenotypes

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

    Go to the top of the page Help

    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables cytokine activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables receptor tyrosine kinase binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables receptor tyrosine kinase binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK5 cascade IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK5 cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of neuron projection development IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in extracellular region IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Preferred Names
    ALK and LTK ligand 2
    Names
    AUG-alpha
    augmentor alpha
    augmentor-beta
    family with sequence similarity 150 member B
    protein FAM150B

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    Go to the top of the page Help

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001002919.3 → NP_001002919.2  ALK and LTK ligand 2 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001002919.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC079779, AI300876, BC033490
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS46218.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B5MC76, Q6UX46
      Related
      ENSP00000384604.3, ENST00000403610.9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15129
      Location:35 → 149
      FAM150; FAM150 family

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      279558..288091 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047443982.1 → XP_047299938.1  ALK and LTK ligand 2 isoform X3

    2. XM_047443981.1 → XP_047299937.1  ALK and LTK ligand 2 isoform X2

    3. XM_047443980.1 → XP_047299936.1  ALK and LTK ligand 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4J1W8
      Related
      ENSP00000389939.1, ENST00000452023.1

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      279817..288348 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054341483.1 → XP_054197458.1  ALK and LTK ligand 2 isoform X2

    2. XM_054341484.1 → XP_054197459.1  ALK and LTK ligand 2 isoform X3

    3. XM_054341482.1 → XP_054197457.1  ALK and LTK ligand 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4J1W8
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q6UX46.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q6UX46

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous